To evaluate the effect of a transdiagnostic cognitive behavioural therapy (tCBT) protocol in an individual delivery format, adapted from a protocol that has been extensively evaluated in a group delivery format.tCBT was provided to a cohort (N = 18) of adults with a range of anxiety disorders (55.6% male; M age = 40.6, SD = 17.6), at a speciality anxiety disorder research clinic. A within-subjects repeated measures design was employed. Pre-to-post-treatment diagnostic assessments were analysed through repeated measures analysis of variance, and session-by-session self-reported measures of anxiety, depression, and quality of life were modelled through mixed-effect regression modelling (MRM) to maximise the sample of treatment initiators.Significant and large reductions for clinician-rated primary diagnosis severity (Hedges g = 1.63), and overall clinical global impressions (g = 1.43) were observed, and self-reported anxiety and depression symptoms showed significant reductions over the course of treatment with medium-to-large effect sizes (g = 0.66 and 0.74, respectively). Significant improvement to quality of life was also observed with medium effect size (g = 0.53).There is now preliminary support for the use of an adaptation of an established group-based tCBT protocol for use with individuals. Implications and recommendations for future investigations are provided.
{"title":"Transdiagnostic Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Individuals with Anxiety Disorders: An Open Trial","authors":"Shaun Pearl, P. Norton","doi":"10.1017/bec.2020.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/bec.2020.17","url":null,"abstract":"To evaluate the effect of a transdiagnostic cognitive behavioural therapy (tCBT) protocol in an individual delivery format, adapted from a protocol that has been extensively evaluated in a group delivery format.tCBT was provided to a cohort (N = 18) of adults with a range of anxiety disorders (55.6% male; M age = 40.6, SD = 17.6), at a speciality anxiety disorder research clinic. A within-subjects repeated measures design was employed. Pre-to-post-treatment diagnostic assessments were analysed through repeated measures analysis of variance, and session-by-session self-reported measures of anxiety, depression, and quality of life were modelled through mixed-effect regression modelling (MRM) to maximise the sample of treatment initiators.Significant and large reductions for clinician-rated primary diagnosis severity (Hedges g = 1.63), and overall clinical global impressions (g = 1.43) were observed, and self-reported anxiety and depression symptoms showed significant reductions over the course of treatment with medium-to-large effect sizes (g = 0.66 and 0.74, respectively). Significant improvement to quality of life was also observed with medium effect size (g = 0.53).There is now preliminary support for the use of an adaptation of an established group-based tCBT protocol for use with individuals. Implications and recommendations for future investigations are provided.","PeriodicalId":46485,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Change","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/bec.2020.17","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41749505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Improving knowledge about childhood mental health issues, reducing stigma, and encouraging appropriate treatment-seeking are important goals for public health. This study examined the effect of treatment and malleability information on stigmatisation towards children with Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) and their parents, and on endorsements of causal beliefs. In an experimental study, university students (N = 234) were randomly allocated to receive/not receive treatment information (information on the existence and effectiveness of treatment for ODD) and to receive/not receive malleability information (information emphasising brain malleability and the potential to change). Participants then rated four measures of stigma towards a fictitious child with ODD and mother (blame, incompetence, dangerousness, and social distance), and rated their endorsements of causal explanations for ODD. Neither treatment nor malleability information had significant effects on stigmatisation towards either the child or mother. However, this information did impact upon causal beliefs about ODD as stemming from biological or mixed biological/environmental causes. Implications for the future development of public health initiatives and stigma research on childhood mental health are discussed.
{"title":"‘Treatable and Changeable’: The Effect of Treatment and Malleability Information on Stigma Towards Children with Behavioural Problems and Their Parents","authors":"Sarah Li, L. Tully, M. Dadds","doi":"10.1017/bec.2020.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/bec.2020.15","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Improving knowledge about childhood mental health issues, reducing stigma, and encouraging appropriate treatment-seeking are important goals for public health. This study examined the effect of treatment and malleability information on stigmatisation towards children with Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) and their parents, and on endorsements of causal beliefs. In an experimental study, university students (N = 234) were randomly allocated to receive/not receive treatment information (information on the existence and effectiveness of treatment for ODD) and to receive/not receive malleability information (information emphasising brain malleability and the potential to change). Participants then rated four measures of stigma towards a fictitious child with ODD and mother (blame, incompetence, dangerousness, and social distance), and rated their endorsements of causal explanations for ODD. Neither treatment nor malleability information had significant effects on stigmatisation towards either the child or mother. However, this information did impact upon causal beliefs about ODD as stemming from biological or mixed biological/environmental causes. Implications for the future development of public health initiatives and stigma research on childhood mental health are discussed.","PeriodicalId":46485,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Change","volume":"37 1","pages":"181 - 194"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/bec.2020.15","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42529957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Peters, J. Reece, H. Meaklim, M. Junge, D. Cunnington, J. Ong, Mervyn Jackson, K. Greenwood
Insomnia is a common major health concern, which causes significant distress and disruption in a person's life. The objective of this paper was to evaluate a 6-week version of Mindfulness-Based Therapy for Insomnia (MBTI) in a sample of people attending a sleep disorders clinic with insomnia, including those with comorbidities. Thirty participants who met the DSM-IV-TR diagnosis of insomnia participated in a 6-week group intervention. Outcome measures were a daily sleep diary and actigraphy during pre-treatment and follow-up, along with subjective sleep outcomes collected at baseline, end-of-treatment, and 3-month follow-up. Trend analyses showed that MBTI was associated with a large decrease in insomnia severity (p < .001), with indications of maintenance of treatment effect. There were significant improvements in objective sleep parameters, including sleep onset latency (p = .005), sleep efficiency (p = .033), and wake after sleep onset (p = .018). Significant improvements in subjective sleep parameters were also observed for sleep efficiency (p = .005) and wake after sleep onset (p < .001). Overall, this study indicated that MBTI can be successfully delivered in a sleep disorders clinic environment, with evidence of treatment effect for both objective and subjective measures of sleep.
{"title":"Mindfulness and Behaviour Therapy for Insomnia: An Assessment of Treatment Effect in a Sleep Disorders Clinic Population with Insomnia","authors":"A. Peters, J. Reece, H. Meaklim, M. Junge, D. Cunnington, J. Ong, Mervyn Jackson, K. Greenwood","doi":"10.1017/bec.2020.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/bec.2020.18","url":null,"abstract":"Insomnia is a common major health concern, which causes significant distress and disruption in a person's life. The objective of this paper was to evaluate a 6-week version of Mindfulness-Based Therapy for Insomnia (MBTI) in a sample of people attending a sleep disorders clinic with insomnia, including those with comorbidities. Thirty participants who met the DSM-IV-TR diagnosis of insomnia participated in a 6-week group intervention. Outcome measures were a daily sleep diary and actigraphy during pre-treatment and follow-up, along with subjective sleep outcomes collected at baseline, end-of-treatment, and 3-month follow-up. Trend analyses showed that MBTI was associated with a large decrease in insomnia severity (p < .001), with indications of maintenance of treatment effect. There were significant improvements in objective sleep parameters, including sleep onset latency (p = .005), sleep efficiency (p = .033), and wake after sleep onset (p = .018). Significant improvements in subjective sleep parameters were also observed for sleep efficiency (p = .005) and wake after sleep onset (p < .001). Overall, this study indicated that MBTI can be successfully delivered in a sleep disorders clinic environment, with evidence of treatment effect for both objective and subjective measures of sleep.","PeriodicalId":46485,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Change","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/bec.2020.18","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48740926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Early childhood feeding problems can be challenging. Children who limit their food consumption may significantly impact multiple critical areas of development. Effective treatment should be accessed as early as possible but has been limited to a handful of US hospital programmes. Feeding problems affect both children with and without disability, and families may struggle with multiple children having feeding difficulties. We provided short-term (less than 2 weeks), in-home, intensive, behaviour-analytic feeding intervention to two children with typical development who were younger siblings of children already in the programme. We used a withdrawal/reversal design to assess the effects of nonremoval of the spoon, re-presentation, contingent and noncontingent access to tangibles, differential attention, and response cost. This multi-component intervention was effective in increasing the consumption of a wide variety of foods at regular texture and self-feeding for both participants. Variety was increased to over 60 foods from all food groups. Admission goals were met (100%). We trained caregivers to high procedural integrity and generalised the protocol. We provided actual plate picture examples of family meals consumed where the brothers and parents ate the same meal. Caregiver satisfaction and social acceptability were high. Gains were maintained at 3-year follow-up where parents reported problems were fully resolved.
{"title":"Treatment for Younger Siblings of Participants in a Home-Based Intensive Paediatric Feeding Programme in Australia","authors":"Tessa Taylor, Alayna T. Haberlin","doi":"10.1017/bec.2020.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/bec.2020.14","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Early childhood feeding problems can be challenging. Children who limit their food consumption may significantly impact multiple critical areas of development. Effective treatment should be accessed as early as possible but has been limited to a handful of US hospital programmes. Feeding problems affect both children with and without disability, and families may struggle with multiple children having feeding difficulties. We provided short-term (less than 2 weeks), in-home, intensive, behaviour-analytic feeding intervention to two children with typical development who were younger siblings of children already in the programme. We used a withdrawal/reversal design to assess the effects of nonremoval of the spoon, re-presentation, contingent and noncontingent access to tangibles, differential attention, and response cost. This multi-component intervention was effective in increasing the consumption of a wide variety of foods at regular texture and self-feeding for both participants. Variety was increased to over 60 foods from all food groups. Admission goals were met (100%). We trained caregivers to high procedural integrity and generalised the protocol. We provided actual plate picture examples of family meals consumed where the brothers and parents ate the same meal. Caregiver satisfaction and social acceptability were high. Gains were maintained at 3-year follow-up where parents reported problems were fully resolved.","PeriodicalId":46485,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Change","volume":"37 1","pages":"206 - 218"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/bec.2020.14","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47105575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Body-focused repetitive behaviours (BFRBs), such as hair-pulling, skin-picking, and nail-biting, are non-functional habits associated with difficulties in emotion regulation. Although several models have been developed to explain the difficulties experienced by people suffering from BFRBs, a number of cognitive and emotional processes have yet to be explored. This study sought to investigate the psychological characteristics involved in the development and maintenance of BFRB symptoms. In particular, we aimed to evaluate the relationship of self-criticism, shame, and maladaptive cognitive emotion strategies with symptoms and examine if the relationship between perfectionism and symptoms was mediated by self-criticism and shame. Seventy-six participants from a community sample completed a number of self-report measures. Findings from our multivariate linear regression model supported that shame and maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies significantly predicted BFRB symptoms. Results of our mediational analyses revealed that shame significantly mediated the relationship between perfectionism and BFRB symptoms. Interventions that target shame may be beneficial for treating these conditions. Future studies should replicate these findings with clinical populations and other BFRB subtypes.
{"title":"The Role of Self-Criticism and Shame in Body-Focused Repetitive Behaviour Symptoms","authors":"S. Houazene, F. Aardema, J. Leclerc, K. O'Connor","doi":"10.1017/bec.2020.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/bec.2020.16","url":null,"abstract":"Body-focused repetitive behaviours (BFRBs), such as hair-pulling, skin-picking, and nail-biting, are non-functional habits associated with difficulties in emotion regulation. Although several models have been developed to explain the difficulties experienced by people suffering from BFRBs, a number of cognitive and emotional processes have yet to be explored. This study sought to investigate the psychological characteristics involved in the development and maintenance of BFRB symptoms. In particular, we aimed to evaluate the relationship of self-criticism, shame, and maladaptive cognitive emotion strategies with symptoms and examine if the relationship between perfectionism and symptoms was mediated by self-criticism and shame. Seventy-six participants from a community sample completed a number of self-report measures. Findings from our multivariate linear regression model supported that shame and maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies significantly predicted BFRB symptoms. Results of our mediational analyses revealed that shame significantly mediated the relationship between perfectionism and BFRB symptoms. Interventions that target shame may be beneficial for treating these conditions. Future studies should replicate these findings with clinical populations and other BFRB subtypes.","PeriodicalId":46485,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Change","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/bec.2020.16","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46752928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Colhoun, L. Kannis-Dymand, Marion Rudge, Dianne Le Compte, Sarah J. O'Flaherty, C. Gilbert, Monique Jones, S. Harrow, Ron Chambers, Colette Woolcock, Julie MacLeod, G. Lovell, C. Bell
Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a prevalent chronic condition with a large demand for treatment. This community outpatient study examined the effectiveness of a group intervention version of the established one-to-one cognitive therapy derived from the Clark and Wells model for SAD. Questionnaires were completed pre-treatment and post-treatment for SAD symptoms (Social Phobia Scale, Social Interaction Anxiety Scale), depressive symptoms (BDI-II), self-focused attention, safety behaviours (Social Phobia Weekly Summary Scale and Subtle Avoidance Frequency Examination), and impaired functioning (Work and Social Adjustment Scale). From an initial sample of 159 participants, 101 completed at least seven of the nine weekly group sessions (Mage = 34.1 years, SDage = 10.8 years, 53% female). Significant improvements were demonstrated on all measures. Large effect sizes were found for social anxiety symptoms and safety behaviour use. Self-focused attention, depressive symptoms, and impaired functioning had moderate effect sizes. Effect sizes for anxiety (d = 1.00 and 1.32) and mood measures (d = 0.71) were as high, or in some cases, higher than previous group treatment studies. Results suggest group cognitive therapy for SAD based on the Clark and Wells model is effective in a clinical setting for individuals with moderate/severe and treatment-resistant social anxiety.
{"title":"Effectiveness of Group Cognitive Therapy for Social Anxiety Disorder in Routine Care","authors":"H. Colhoun, L. Kannis-Dymand, Marion Rudge, Dianne Le Compte, Sarah J. O'Flaherty, C. Gilbert, Monique Jones, S. Harrow, Ron Chambers, Colette Woolcock, Julie MacLeod, G. Lovell, C. Bell","doi":"10.1017/bec.2020.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/bec.2020.19","url":null,"abstract":"Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a prevalent chronic condition with a large demand for treatment. This community outpatient study examined the effectiveness of a group intervention version of the established one-to-one cognitive therapy derived from the Clark and Wells model for SAD. Questionnaires were completed pre-treatment and post-treatment for SAD symptoms (Social Phobia Scale, Social Interaction Anxiety Scale), depressive symptoms (BDI-II), self-focused attention, safety behaviours (Social Phobia Weekly Summary Scale and Subtle Avoidance Frequency Examination), and impaired functioning (Work and Social Adjustment Scale). From an initial sample of 159 participants, 101 completed at least seven of the nine weekly group sessions (Mage = 34.1 years, SDage = 10.8 years, 53% female). Significant improvements were demonstrated on all measures. Large effect sizes were found for social anxiety symptoms and safety behaviour use. Self-focused attention, depressive symptoms, and impaired functioning had moderate effect sizes. Effect sizes for anxiety (d = 1.00 and 1.32) and mood measures (d = 0.71) were as high, or in some cases, higher than previous group treatment studies. Results suggest group cognitive therapy for SAD based on the Clark and Wells model is effective in a clinical setting for individuals with moderate/severe and treatment-resistant social anxiety.","PeriodicalId":46485,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Change","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/bec.2020.19","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48830795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract As a result of maltreatment, children in care can present with a range of complex needs and challenges. In addition to direct clinical care commonly provided by paediatricians, psychiatrists, and clinical psychologists, the provision of knowledge and skills to foster and kinship carers have become modes of support common in responding to these needs and challenges. A narrative review of key systematic reviews and empirical research was conducted to assess the effectiveness of existing foster carer interventions. Results indicated a range of methodological characteristics that limit our ability to develop a sound, research-driven, evidence base. As a result, we remain limited in our knowledge about which treatments are effective, for which symptoms they are effective, and for which population subgroups they are most likely to be effective. This review provides a summary of identified needs and challenges in the delivery of foster carer interventions. It provides an account of current treatment components and offers a platform for the development and progression of a programme of research in an effort to advance knowledge in the area.
{"title":"A Narrative Review of the Needs of Children in Foster and Kinship Care: Informing a Research Agenda","authors":"Jacqueline Kemmis-Riggs, J. McAloon","doi":"10.1017/bec.2020.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/bec.2020.11","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract As a result of maltreatment, children in care can present with a range of complex needs and challenges. In addition to direct clinical care commonly provided by paediatricians, psychiatrists, and clinical psychologists, the provision of knowledge and skills to foster and kinship carers have become modes of support common in responding to these needs and challenges. A narrative review of key systematic reviews and empirical research was conducted to assess the effectiveness of existing foster carer interventions. Results indicated a range of methodological characteristics that limit our ability to develop a sound, research-driven, evidence base. As a result, we remain limited in our knowledge about which treatments are effective, for which symptoms they are effective, and for which population subgroups they are most likely to be effective. This review provides a summary of identified needs and challenges in the delivery of foster carer interventions. It provides an account of current treatment components and offers a platform for the development and progression of a programme of research in an effort to advance knowledge in the area.","PeriodicalId":46485,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Change","volume":"37 1","pages":"171 - 180"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/bec.2020.11","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43935529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recent models of obesity and eating behaviour have implicated both automatic responding to food-related cues and executive functioning in driving dietary choice. This study aimed to relate grazing severity to high weight with and without significant eating disorder features via the effects of inhibition and degree of goal-directed behaviour, in persons with obesity with and without significant eating disorder features compared to healthy controls. Forty-four participants with obesity (43.1% endorsing marked eating disorder features), and 43 healthy-weight age- and sex-matched participants (N = 87; 67.8% female, age = 28.57 (8.70; 18.18–58.34) years, BMI = 29.18 (7.80; 18.65–51.95) kg/m2) completed demographic and eating disorder-related questionnaires, a neuropsychological task of inhibition and an instrumental decision-making task. Bootstrapped serial mediation analyses were performed to examine the effect of group on grazing via goal-directed behaviour and inhibition. While significant differences existed between the groups in terms of inhibition, goal-directed behaviour and grazing severity, the effect of group on grazing severity was not found to be mediated by the degree of behavioural goal-directedness and inhibition. Therefore, :in persons with obesity with or without eating disorder symptoms, putative relationships between a reduced inhibitory profile and/or behaviour that is less flexible and goal-directed and eating behaviours such as grazing, remain unclear.
{"title":"Linking Grazing to Inhibition and Goal-Directed Behaviour in Obesity With and Without Eating Disorder Features","authors":"Andreea I. Heriseanu, P. Hay, S. Touyz","doi":"10.1017/BEC.2020.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/BEC.2020.12","url":null,"abstract":"Recent models of obesity and eating behaviour have implicated both automatic responding to food-related cues and executive functioning in driving dietary choice. This study aimed to relate grazing severity to high weight with and without significant eating disorder features via the effects of inhibition and degree of goal-directed behaviour, in persons with obesity with and without significant eating disorder features compared to healthy controls. Forty-four participants with obesity (43.1% endorsing marked eating disorder features), and 43 healthy-weight age- and sex-matched participants (N = 87; 67.8% female, age = 28.57 (8.70; 18.18–58.34) years, BMI = 29.18 (7.80; 18.65–51.95) kg/m2) completed demographic and eating disorder-related questionnaires, a neuropsychological task of inhibition and an instrumental decision-making task. Bootstrapped serial mediation analyses were performed to examine the effect of group on grazing via goal-directed behaviour and inhibition. While significant differences existed between the groups in terms of inhibition, goal-directed behaviour and grazing severity, the effect of group on grazing severity was not found to be mediated by the degree of behavioural goal-directedness and inhibition. Therefore, :in persons with obesity with or without eating disorder symptoms, putative relationships between a reduced inhibitory profile and/or behaviour that is less flexible and goal-directed and eating behaviours such as grazing, remain unclear.","PeriodicalId":46485,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Change","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/BEC.2020.12","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44748593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Parenting has a strong influence on child development. However, there is minimal empirical evidence on why some parents use beneficial techniques, while others use harmful behaviours. Thus, there is a significant gap in the knowledge needed to address problematic parenting. Theories suggest that parental self-concept has a large influence on parenting behaviours. The aim of this study was to examine the relation between parent self-cognitions and parenting behaviours. One-hundred and four mothers of Grade 7 students completed questionnaires measuring their self-esteem, self-criticism, domain-specific self-concept, and parenting behaviours (support, behavioural control, and psychological control). Regression analyses demonstrated that self-cognitions largely predicted psychological control but support or behavioural control did not. These findings suggest that psychologically controlling behaviour in parents may be due to poor self-worth. With psychological control known to deeply damage children, these findings have major implications for interventions targeting harmful parenting.
{"title":"What Influences Parenting Behaviour? The Role of Parent Self-Concept","authors":"C. Gittins, Maree J. Abbott, C. Hunt","doi":"10.1017/bec.2020.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/bec.2020.13","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Parenting has a strong influence on child development. However, there is minimal empirical evidence on why some parents use beneficial techniques, while others use harmful behaviours. Thus, there is a significant gap in the knowledge needed to address problematic parenting. Theories suggest that parental self-concept has a large influence on parenting behaviours. The aim of this study was to examine the relation between parent self-cognitions and parenting behaviours. One-hundred and four mothers of Grade 7 students completed questionnaires measuring their self-esteem, self-criticism, domain-specific self-concept, and parenting behaviours (support, behavioural control, and psychological control). Regression analyses demonstrated that self-cognitions largely predicted psychological control but support or behavioural control did not. These findings suggest that psychologically controlling behaviour in parents may be due to poor self-worth. With psychological control known to deeply damage children, these findings have major implications for interventions targeting harmful parenting.","PeriodicalId":46485,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Change","volume":"37 1","pages":"195 - 205"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/bec.2020.13","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49065024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
According to TMT, when thoughts of death are conscious we engage in ‘proximal defences’, which include suppressing these thoughts (e.g. turning off a news report about COVID-19 death tolls), denying one's vulnerability (e.g. thinking "I'm not in a high risk group, so I'll probably be fine"), or trying to prevent death (e.g. cleaning down all home surfaces with antibacterial wipes). [...]as fear of the virus increased, mental health declined. [...]death-related losses arising from COVID-19 are compounded by non-death losses, such as global financial strain, massive unemployment, and financial hardship, all of which are also associated with impoverished mental health (Paul & Moser, 2006). In this form of life-vitiating, protracted, and anguishing response to loss, mourners struggle with turbulent emotions of longing, guilt, loneliness, and desolation which tangibly impair their ability to function in the contexts of family, work, and the social world for many months beyond the death, and not uncommonly, years. [...]ongoing ruminative preoccupation with the lost relationship or the circumstances of the death carries real health risks for a variety of stress-related disorders, cardiac problems, addictions, immune system dysfunction, impaired quality of life, and even suicide (Maercker, Neimeyer, & Simiola, 2016).
{"title":"Death Anxiety, Loss, and Grief in the Time of COVID-19","authors":"R. Menzies, R. Neimeyer, R. Menzies","doi":"10.1017/bec.2020.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/bec.2020.10","url":null,"abstract":"According to TMT, when thoughts of death are conscious we engage in ‘proximal defences’, which include suppressing these thoughts (e.g. turning off a news report about COVID-19 death tolls), denying one's vulnerability (e.g. thinking \"I'm not in a high risk group, so I'll probably be fine\"), or trying to prevent death (e.g. cleaning down all home surfaces with antibacterial wipes). [...]as fear of the virus increased, mental health declined. [...]death-related losses arising from COVID-19 are compounded by non-death losses, such as global financial strain, massive unemployment, and financial hardship, all of which are also associated with impoverished mental health (Paul & Moser, 2006). In this form of life-vitiating, protracted, and anguishing response to loss, mourners struggle with turbulent emotions of longing, guilt, loneliness, and desolation which tangibly impair their ability to function in the contexts of family, work, and the social world for many months beyond the death, and not uncommonly, years. [...]ongoing ruminative preoccupation with the lost relationship or the circumstances of the death carries real health risks for a variety of stress-related disorders, cardiac problems, addictions, immune system dysfunction, impaired quality of life, and even suicide (Maercker, Neimeyer, & Simiola, 2016).","PeriodicalId":46485,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Change","volume":"37 1","pages":"111 - 115"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/bec.2020.10","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49416890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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