Older adults, 65 years and older, are a heterogeneous group in terms of their information and communication technology (ICT) use. Few studies, however, have examined how ICT use patterns may vary between employed older adults versus those who are no longer in the workforce. We expand research on this topic by examining whether variations in ICT use, as well as attitudes toward ICTs and online self-efficacy, exist between these 2 groups. Key outcomes include online self-efficacy, attitudes towards new technology, length of time online, average daily hours online, and number of ICTs used. Data were collected in 2017 through an online survey from a national sample of U.S. older adults (N = 1,142) matched with the demographic characteristics of the 2010 U.S. Census for individuals aged 65 and older based on age, race, sex, and education. Data were analyzed using OLS regression, binary logistic regression, and mediation analysis. Employed older adults, compared to retired older adults, had higher online self-efficacy, more positive attitudes towards new technology, spent more time online (years), and were more likely to use 2 or more ICTs. Being retired was associated with fewer years online, which was mediated by more negative attitudes toward technology and less online self-efficacy. Longitudinal research is needed which examines the types of technologies used in the workforce by older adults, the exposure to others’ uses of technologies, and how use changes over time—all of which may potentially affect older adults’ technology skills and attitudes.
{"title":"Differences Between Employed and Retired Older Adults in Information and Communication Technology Use and Attitudes","authors":"A. Schuster, S. Cotten","doi":"10.1093/workar/waac025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/workar/waac025","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Older adults, 65 years and older, are a heterogeneous group in terms of their information and communication technology (ICT) use. Few studies, however, have examined how ICT use patterns may vary between employed older adults versus those who are no longer in the workforce. We expand research on this topic by examining whether variations in ICT use, as well as attitudes toward ICTs and online self-efficacy, exist between these 2 groups. Key outcomes include online self-efficacy, attitudes towards new technology, length of time online, average daily hours online, and number of ICTs used. Data were collected in 2017 through an online survey from a national sample of U.S. older adults (N = 1,142) matched with the demographic characteristics of the 2010 U.S. Census for individuals aged 65 and older based on age, race, sex, and education. Data were analyzed using OLS regression, binary logistic regression, and mediation analysis. Employed older adults, compared to retired older adults, had higher online self-efficacy, more positive attitudes towards new technology, spent more time online (years), and were more likely to use 2 or more ICTs. Being retired was associated with fewer years online, which was mediated by more negative attitudes toward technology and less online self-efficacy. Longitudinal research is needed which examines the types of technologies used in the workforce by older adults, the exposure to others’ uses of technologies, and how use changes over time—all of which may potentially affect older adults’ technology skills and attitudes.","PeriodicalId":46486,"journal":{"name":"Work Aging and Retirement","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79041942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jenna A. Van Fossen, Nathan M. Baker, Elizabeth A. Mack, C. Chang, S. Cotten, Isabella Catalano
Older adults’ smartphone use has been shown to be a double-edged sword, linked to health and social benefits but also creating vulnerabilities. Similarly, the use of smartphones and other information and communication technologies (ICTs) in organizations also affords workers advantages, such as increased flexibility, while exposing them to risks such as exhaustion and distress. This research examines older workers’ smartphone use and identifies a contextual characteristic that may buffer the negative implications of smartphone use for work purposes. Following the job demands–resources (JD-R) model, we hypothesized that older workers’ daily work-related smartphone use is positively related to their experienced stress and negatively related to their mood, and that these relationships would be attenuated by work scheduling autonomy. We conducted an experience sampling method (ESM) study with a sample of 38 workers (ages 50–64) who completed daily measures over 8 days, and tracked their smartphone use objectively using screenshots of time spent using various apps. Contrary to our expectations, smartphone use was not significantly related to stress or mood. There were significant cross-level interactions, such that smartphone use for work was negatively related to experienced stress and positively related to a positive mood for those with lower levels of scheduling autonomy. We interpret these findings and discuss the effects that technology use for work may have on older workers’ well-being through the lens of the JD-R model. Our results suggest that ICT use in the workplace combined with work scheduling autonomy may not be advantageous for workers’ well-being.
{"title":"The Moderating Effect of Scheduling Autonomy on Smartphone Use and Stress Among Older Workers","authors":"Jenna A. Van Fossen, Nathan M. Baker, Elizabeth A. Mack, C. Chang, S. Cotten, Isabella Catalano","doi":"10.1093/workar/waac017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/workar/waac017","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Older adults’ smartphone use has been shown to be a double-edged sword, linked to health and social benefits but also creating vulnerabilities. Similarly, the use of smartphones and other information and communication technologies (ICTs) in organizations also affords workers advantages, such as increased flexibility, while exposing them to risks such as exhaustion and distress. This research examines older workers’ smartphone use and identifies a contextual characteristic that may buffer the negative implications of smartphone use for work purposes. Following the job demands–resources (JD-R) model, we hypothesized that older workers’ daily work-related smartphone use is positively related to their experienced stress and negatively related to their mood, and that these relationships would be attenuated by work scheduling autonomy. We conducted an experience sampling method (ESM) study with a sample of 38 workers (ages 50–64) who completed daily measures over 8 days, and tracked their smartphone use objectively using screenshots of time spent using various apps. Contrary to our expectations, smartphone use was not significantly related to stress or mood. There were significant cross-level interactions, such that smartphone use for work was negatively related to experienced stress and positively related to a positive mood for those with lower levels of scheduling autonomy. We interpret these findings and discuss the effects that technology use for work may have on older workers’ well-being through the lens of the JD-R model. Our results suggest that ICT use in the workplace combined with work scheduling autonomy may not be advantageous for workers’ well-being.","PeriodicalId":46486,"journal":{"name":"Work Aging and Retirement","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2022-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88356275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Retirement and reminiscence research prosper largely independent of another. The current research integrates both perspectives to explore what retirees remember when they look back upon their work life and whether reminiscing work life is related to their current well-being. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with six retirees to develop initial codebooks. To characterize work-related memories and explore links between memory characteristics and retirees’ well-being, 66 retirees participated in an online study. They reported memories in text and rated memory valence and indicators of subjective well-being. Qualitative content analyses of memory narratives show that retirees recalled both work tasks and workplace relationships that were particularly pleasant or conflict ridden. They reminisced about profound (e.g., job loss) and small events (e.g., appreciative gestures from the leadership). Most retirees described their work life in an accepting way, although some expressed bitterness. Correlational analyses indicate links between memory valence and retirees’ perceived stress in work life and subjective well-being. We discuss our findings within the resource perspective on retirement with consideration of reminiscence as internal resources with permanent access. We suggest that well-being in retirement depends not only on external resources, but also on what retirees reflect on and remember. Practically, we discuss how work could be designed to build up such internal resources. We conclude with future research ideas, emphasizing the importance of a rigorous mixed-methods approach to studying how the life chapter of work that is long gone may continue to shape the lives of retirees.
{"title":"Reminiscence About Work Life in Retirement: What Is Remembered? Why Might it Matter?","authors":"Sabine Hommelhoff, Tina Leickert, Hsiao-Wen Liao","doi":"10.1093/workar/waac018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/workar/waac018","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Retirement and reminiscence research prosper largely independent of another. The current research integrates both perspectives to explore what retirees remember when they look back upon their work life and whether reminiscing work life is related to their current well-being. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with six retirees to develop initial codebooks. To characterize work-related memories and explore links between memory characteristics and retirees’ well-being, 66 retirees participated in an online study. They reported memories in text and rated memory valence and indicators of subjective well-being. Qualitative content analyses of memory narratives show that retirees recalled both work tasks and workplace relationships that were particularly pleasant or conflict ridden. They reminisced about profound (e.g., job loss) and small events (e.g., appreciative gestures from the leadership). Most retirees described their work life in an accepting way, although some expressed bitterness. Correlational analyses indicate links between memory valence and retirees’ perceived stress in work life and subjective well-being. We discuss our findings within the resource perspective on retirement with consideration of reminiscence as internal resources with permanent access. We suggest that well-being in retirement depends not only on external resources, but also on what retirees reflect on and remember. Practically, we discuss how work could be designed to build up such internal resources. We conclude with future research ideas, emphasizing the importance of a rigorous mixed-methods approach to studying how the life chapter of work that is long gone may continue to shape the lives of retirees.","PeriodicalId":46486,"journal":{"name":"Work Aging and Retirement","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2022-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75503845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Different Shades of Discriminatory Effects of Age Stereotypes in the Workplace: A Multilevel and Dynamic Perspective on Organizational Behaviors","authors":"Konrad Turek, Jaap Oude Mulders, J. Stypińska","doi":"10.1093/workar/waac019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/workar/waac019","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46486,"journal":{"name":"Work Aging and Retirement","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87304413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Broadening the View of Workplace Ageism.","authors":"Gretchen A Petery, James W Grosch","doi":"10.1093/workar/waac015","DOIUrl":"10.1093/workar/waac015","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46486,"journal":{"name":"Work Aging and Retirement","volume":"20 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9344552/pdf/nihms-1814360.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40667700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Confluence of Culture and Ageism at Work","authors":"Justin Marcus","doi":"10.1093/workar/waab041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/workar/waab041","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46486,"journal":{"name":"Work Aging and Retirement","volume":"43 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138507394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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