Abstract The Gestalt principle of closure refers to our brain filling in missing information to perceive objects as complete, even partially hidden. Designers leverage this principle to imply shapes without explicitly showing them. However, evaluating viewer responses poses challenges. A comprehensive eye-tracking experiment was conducted to determine when viewers mentally complete a gap in a circle and explore the potential influence of the golden ratio on the closure principle. The golden ratio, approximately 1.618, is associated with visual harmony and is used in art and design for pleasing proportions. Findings showed that viewers tend to mentally close gaps up to 135 degrees but avoid closure beyond 150 degrees. This suggests the golden ratio's relevance in applying the closure principle to design.
{"title":"Eye-Tracking Study on Viewer Compliance with the Gestalt Closure Principle: Analyzing the Impact of Gap Size and the Golden Ratio","authors":"Xinran Hu","doi":"10.1162/leon_a_02468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/leon_a_02468","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Gestalt principle of closure refers to our brain filling in missing information to perceive objects as complete, even partially hidden. Designers leverage this principle to imply shapes without explicitly showing them. However, evaluating viewer responses poses challenges. A comprehensive eye-tracking experiment was conducted to determine when viewers mentally complete a gap in a circle and explore the potential influence of the golden ratio on the closure principle. The golden ratio, approximately 1.618, is associated with visual harmony and is used in art and design for pleasing proportions. Findings showed that viewers tend to mentally close gaps up to 135 degrees but avoid closure beyond 150 degrees. This suggests the golden ratio's relevance in applying the closure principle to design.","PeriodicalId":46524,"journal":{"name":"LEONARDO","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135547541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The authors investigate Chinese “Shanshui” (literally meaning mountain and water), a China-origin and East Asian ink paintings of the natural landscape, through an interactive art installation, entitled “Shanshui Journey.” By examining Shanshui’s philosophy, multiple-moving perspectives, and creation and appreciation practices, the work emphasizes motion in nature, memories, and interactive appreciation. These concepts are realized in a digitized room, where each participant’s motion is captured as a line “sketch” and transformed into an ink painting (i.e., Shanshui) via a custom neural network. Generated paintings are displayed in real-time alongside previous works, collectively termed “Shanshui Memories,” mimicking the handscroll interaction. This new Shanshui approach aims to reproduce the Chinese literati art experience, raising awareness of the cultural heritage.
{"title":"Shanshui Journey: AI Reproducing the Experience of Chinese “Literati” Ink Paintings","authors":"Aven Le Zhou, Kang Zhang","doi":"10.1162/leon_a_02474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/leon_a_02474","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The authors investigate Chinese “Shanshui” (literally meaning mountain and water), a China-origin and East Asian ink paintings of the natural landscape, through an interactive art installation, entitled “Shanshui Journey.” By examining Shanshui’s philosophy, multiple-moving perspectives, and creation and appreciation practices, the work emphasizes motion in nature, memories, and interactive appreciation. These concepts are realized in a digitized room, where each participant’s motion is captured as a line “sketch” and transformed into an ink painting (i.e., Shanshui) via a custom neural network. Generated paintings are displayed in real-time alongside previous works, collectively termed “Shanshui Memories,” mimicking the handscroll interaction. This new Shanshui approach aims to reproduce the Chinese literati art experience, raising awareness of the cultural heritage.","PeriodicalId":46524,"journal":{"name":"LEONARDO","volume":"176 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135547542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract We explore a facet of the scientific method of the Nobel Laureate Barbara McClintock through an artistic process. McClintock’s key scientific insights that she coined the ‘breakage-fusion-bridge cycle’, rest on her observation of maize kernel colors and forms together with the spatial arrangement of chromosomes. These intriguing studies motivated the art project ‘break-fusion-bridge-cycle’ to highlight the role of visual observation in discovery. Four different posters bear irregular diamond shapes with forms reminiscent of X-chromosome shapes and color patterns of the kernels McClintock studied and are inscribed with the words break, fusion, bridge, and cycle using a font type inspired by her drawings of chromosomes. As freely available posters, anyone can experiment with the spatial arrangement of shapes and colors, to reflect on one’s own ability to observe, to make connections and create new insights.
{"title":"The Art of Scientific Observation: an art-science project on the legacy of Barbara McClintock","authors":"Ella Ziegler, Johannes Lehmann","doi":"10.1162/leon_a_02475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/leon_a_02475","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We explore a facet of the scientific method of the Nobel Laureate Barbara McClintock through an artistic process. McClintock’s key scientific insights that she coined the ‘breakage-fusion-bridge cycle’, rest on her observation of maize kernel colors and forms together with the spatial arrangement of chromosomes. These intriguing studies motivated the art project ‘break-fusion-bridge-cycle’ to highlight the role of visual observation in discovery. Four different posters bear irregular diamond shapes with forms reminiscent of X-chromosome shapes and color patterns of the kernels McClintock studied and are inscribed with the words break, fusion, bridge, and cycle using a font type inspired by her drawings of chromosomes. As freely available posters, anyone can experiment with the spatial arrangement of shapes and colors, to reflect on one’s own ability to observe, to make connections and create new insights.","PeriodicalId":46524,"journal":{"name":"LEONARDO","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135547545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This article examines the role of translation in contemporary art through a case study of the curatorial project Translation(s), curated by Zoran Poposki in collaboration with Laurence Wood, realized in three editions over five years and involving more than 30 video works by international artists. By exploring the dual significance of translation as a motif and a method, the article investigates how artists engage with the complexities of communication and reinterpretation. The analysis highlights the transformative potential of translation, transcending linguistic barriers and extending into the realm of visual representation, cultural expression, and artistic practices.
{"title":"Mapping Cultural Flows through Contemporary Art in Translation: The <i>Translation(s)</i> Project","authors":"Zoran Poposki, Marija Todorova","doi":"10.1162/leon_a_02471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/leon_a_02471","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article examines the role of translation in contemporary art through a case study of the curatorial project Translation(s), curated by Zoran Poposki in collaboration with Laurence Wood, realized in three editions over five years and involving more than 30 video works by international artists. By exploring the dual significance of translation as a motif and a method, the article investigates how artists engage with the complexities of communication and reinterpretation. The analysis highlights the transformative potential of translation, transcending linguistic barriers and extending into the realm of visual representation, cultural expression, and artistic practices.","PeriodicalId":46524,"journal":{"name":"LEONARDO","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135547546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This article offers a new strategy for cognising musical indeterminacy based on Richard Sennett’s ‘five open forms for the city’, an intrinsically spatial way of thinking about what is ‘open’, and how it is open. Sennett’s five forms (‘synchronicity’, ‘punctuatedness’, ‘porosity’, ‘incompleteness’ and ‘multiplicity’) are explored individually as they might impact our understanding of openness and/in music, illuminated by examples from contemporary experimental music.
{"title":"Towards a Spatial Understanding of Openness: Richard Sennett’s ‘Five Open Forms’ and/in Music","authors":"Jonathan Packham","doi":"10.1162/leon_a_02470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/leon_a_02470","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article offers a new strategy for cognising musical indeterminacy based on Richard Sennett’s ‘five open forms for the city’, an intrinsically spatial way of thinking about what is ‘open’, and how it is open. Sennett’s five forms (‘synchronicity’, ‘punctuatedness’, ‘porosity’, ‘incompleteness’ and ‘multiplicity’) are explored individually as they might impact our understanding of openness and/in music, illuminated by examples from contemporary experimental music.","PeriodicalId":46524,"journal":{"name":"LEONARDO","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135547549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Living Capsules is the umbrella name we give to our art pieces that are being born out of an ongoing collaboration, between an artist and a sociologist, who share interests in the relations between senses, bodies, and technologies. This reflective paper tells the story of their co-creation. We introduce the notion of biohybrid systems as our sociotechnical inspiration. Second, we mark out the conceptual space in which we began to prototype Living Capsules. Third, we reflect on how and why we blend our disciplinary practices. And finally, we share and discuss some prototype pieces, sketching future directions for our continued collaboration.
{"title":"Living Capsules: reflections on an ongoing art-sociology collaboration","authors":"Ned Barker, Joana Burd","doi":"10.1162/leon_a_02466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/leon_a_02466","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Living Capsules is the umbrella name we give to our art pieces that are being born out of an ongoing collaboration, between an artist and a sociologist, who share interests in the relations between senses, bodies, and technologies. This reflective paper tells the story of their co-creation. We introduce the notion of biohybrid systems as our sociotechnical inspiration. Second, we mark out the conceptual space in which we began to prototype Living Capsules. Third, we reflect on how and why we blend our disciplinary practices. And finally, we share and discuss some prototype pieces, sketching future directions for our continued collaboration.","PeriodicalId":46524,"journal":{"name":"LEONARDO","volume":"126 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135548625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract For decades considered a fringe artistic discipline, generative art has in recent years piqued an unusual interest due to its integration with blockchain technology, which has given rise to new ways of designing, generating, acquiring and collecting generative artworks. This article presents, by way of a chronicle, the process of designing and creating a long-form generative project entitled Catharsis, from its conceptual genesis through the challenges and innovations it presented, to its public launch last September 2022, with a view to offering a guide that may inspire future generative artists or scholars.
{"title":"Designing a long-structure NFT generative art project. <i>Catharsis</i> as a case study","authors":"Dario Lanza","doi":"10.1162/leon_a_02469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/leon_a_02469","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract For decades considered a fringe artistic discipline, generative art has in recent years piqued an unusual interest due to its integration with blockchain technology, which has given rise to new ways of designing, generating, acquiring and collecting generative artworks. This article presents, by way of a chronicle, the process of designing and creating a long-form generative project entitled Catharsis, from its conceptual genesis through the challenges and innovations it presented, to its public launch last September 2022, with a view to offering a guide that may inspire future generative artists or scholars.","PeriodicalId":46524,"journal":{"name":"LEONARDO","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135547547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Extreme environments are the outliers through which the full breadth of Earth’s forcing phenomena can be observed, and as such, in the context of a rapidly evolving climate, the response of fragile arid systems is of particular interest to scientific communities aiming to understand an uncertain future. Two such seismic projects, in Antarctica and the New Mexico desert, have spawned art-science collaborations demonstrating how an interdisciplinary approach to sound and seismic waves can bridge the gap between the arts and environmental sciences, envisioning a practice where environmental concerns meet, relate, and resonate. Each soul knows the infinite – knows all – but confusedly. It is like walking on the seashore and hearing the great noise of the sea: I hear the particular noises of each wave, of which the whole noise is composed, but without distinguishing them. –G. W. Leibniz (1714)
{"title":"Voices of Climate Change","authors":"Sandra Volny, Julien Chaput","doi":"10.1162/leon_a_02473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/leon_a_02473","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Extreme environments are the outliers through which the full breadth of Earth’s forcing phenomena can be observed, and as such, in the context of a rapidly evolving climate, the response of fragile arid systems is of particular interest to scientific communities aiming to understand an uncertain future. Two such seismic projects, in Antarctica and the New Mexico desert, have spawned art-science collaborations demonstrating how an interdisciplinary approach to sound and seismic waves can bridge the gap between the arts and environmental sciences, envisioning a practice where environmental concerns meet, relate, and resonate. Each soul knows the infinite – knows all – but confusedly. It is like walking on the seashore and hearing the great noise of the sea: I hear the particular noises of each wave, of which the whole noise is composed, but without distinguishing them. –G. W. Leibniz (1714)","PeriodicalId":46524,"journal":{"name":"LEONARDO","volume":"202 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135547543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bridging art music, philosophy and perception science, this article proposes a spherical way of thinking; the term evokes an inclination to sense connections between all things, implying a transdisciplinary approach to the world. The tensions between different viewpoints can drive us to think beyond any dichotomy, and uncertainty can inspire creativity. By exposing how this reflects in her work, the author hopes to activate new questions and new ways of addressing those questions.
{"title":"Transdisciplinarity, Composition, Expression: Reflections of a Spherical Way of Thinking","authors":"Adriana Sá","doi":"10.1162/leon_a_02472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/leon_a_02472","url":null,"abstract":"Bridging art music, philosophy and perception science, this article proposes a spherical way of thinking; the term evokes an inclination to sense connections between all things, implying a transdisciplinary approach to the world. The tensions between different viewpoints can drive us to think beyond any dichotomy, and uncertainty can inspire creativity. By exposing how this reflects in her work, the author hopes to activate new questions and new ways of addressing those questions.","PeriodicalId":46524,"journal":{"name":"LEONARDO","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135547548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This article examines two renditions of an artwork titled ‘100,’ which celebrate a historic radio transmission in 1916 during the Irish war for independence. The centenary artwork delves into the concept of radio transmission as an artistic expression rather than solely a practical function. The work explores the intersection of radio transmission with installation art, as well as its connections to sound art and sound design. Engaging with diverse theoretical frameworks, the article will interrogate the boundaries of radio and its relationship with other media expressions. It also seeks to understand important historical works and events within radio, with a focus on exploring the roots of radio and its history in Ireland.
{"title":"Soundscapes of a Century: The Art and Transmission of Irish Broadcasting’s 100-Year Milestone","authors":"Jimmy Eadie","doi":"10.1162/leon_a_02467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/leon_a_02467","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article examines two renditions of an artwork titled ‘100,’ which celebrate a historic radio transmission in 1916 during the Irish war for independence. The centenary artwork delves into the concept of radio transmission as an artistic expression rather than solely a practical function. The work explores the intersection of radio transmission with installation art, as well as its connections to sound art and sound design. Engaging with diverse theoretical frameworks, the article will interrogate the boundaries of radio and its relationship with other media expressions. It also seeks to understand important historical works and events within radio, with a focus on exploring the roots of radio and its history in Ireland.","PeriodicalId":46524,"journal":{"name":"LEONARDO","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135547544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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