Pub Date : 2023-08-30DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2023.2243919
F. Stewart
ABSTRACT The urgency of the climate crisis is such that it needs to inform most policy-making. It represents a major threat to human development. Yet while the existence of the crisis is generally acknowledged, this has not affected macro-economic policy even though the climate crisis has major effects on the accepted objectives of macro-economic policy, including growth and economic stability. The paper explores changes in macro-economic policy needed for sustainability which should become an intrinsic and overriding objective of policy. Implications of doing so are explored, including replacing the growth objective with green/sustainable growth, altering the measurement of GDP accordingly; greatly increasing the weight given to the well-being of future generations with implications for interest and investment rates; and reforming taxes and expenditures. Ballooning of debt is justified to support a rapid transition to a carbon-free economy. Among high-income countries, the growth objective should be questioned. Low income countries need green growth to attain reasonable living standards. Large-scale resource transfers to low income countries are essential to support green expenditures for mitigation and especially adaptation. High priorities are a change in the approach of the IMF and World Bank, and innovative financial mechanisms to support the required transfers.
{"title":"Macroeconomic Policies for a Sustainable World","authors":"F. Stewart","doi":"10.1080/19452829.2023.2243919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19452829.2023.2243919","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The urgency of the climate crisis is such that it needs to inform most policy-making. It represents a major threat to human development. Yet while the existence of the crisis is generally acknowledged, this has not affected macro-economic policy even though the climate crisis has major effects on the accepted objectives of macro-economic policy, including growth and economic stability. The paper explores changes in macro-economic policy needed for sustainability which should become an intrinsic and overriding objective of policy. Implications of doing so are explored, including replacing the growth objective with green/sustainable growth, altering the measurement of GDP accordingly; greatly increasing the weight given to the well-being of future generations with implications for interest and investment rates; and reforming taxes and expenditures. Ballooning of debt is justified to support a rapid transition to a carbon-free economy. Among high-income countries, the growth objective should be questioned. Low income countries need green growth to attain reasonable living standards. Large-scale resource transfers to low income countries are essential to support green expenditures for mitigation and especially adaptation. High priorities are a change in the approach of the IMF and World Bank, and innovative financial mechanisms to support the required transfers.","PeriodicalId":46538,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Development and Capabilities","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44173277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-30DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2023.2250602
{"title":"Notice of Duplicate Publication: Inclusive Financial Development","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/19452829.2023.2250602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19452829.2023.2250602","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46538,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Development and Capabilities","volume":"108 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136118680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-18DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2023.2243232
S. Fukuda‐Parr, K. Donald
ABSTRACT The literatures on Macroeconomics and Human development and capabilities have been described as constituting “two different worlds” that never intersect despite the importance of macroeconomics for human development (Nayyar [2012]. “Macroeconomics and Human Development.” Journal of Human Development and Capabilities 13 (1): 7–30.). This paper explores the barriers that keep the two worlds apart in policy making. It considers the case of national strategies for one is implementing UN Agenda 2030 (better known as the SDGs) with a commitment to equity and inclusion; the majority of which rely on social protection and neglect macroeconomic policies. This paper proposes four systemic barriers in the policy making processes: institutional silos and gaps, informational deficits, ideology, and interests. We highlight how these barriers play out in mutually reinforcing ways to construct resilient barriers: narrowly defined mandates of central banks and other economic agencies are reinforced by ideological commitments and the influence of vested interests to neglect inclusion, equity and sustainable development as policy objectives, and in policy research agendas. This in turn creates a vicious circle of information deficits with respect to policy alternatives. The paper discusses how these barriers play out differently in different policy making contexts for different stakeholders.
{"title":"Why are Macroeconomics neglected in equity and inclusion strategies for sustainable development? An Exploration of Four Systemic Barriers","authors":"S. Fukuda‐Parr, K. Donald","doi":"10.1080/19452829.2023.2243232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19452829.2023.2243232","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The literatures on Macroeconomics and Human development and capabilities have been described as constituting “two different worlds” that never intersect despite the importance of macroeconomics for human development (Nayyar [2012]. “Macroeconomics and Human Development.” Journal of Human Development and Capabilities 13 (1): 7–30.). This paper explores the barriers that keep the two worlds apart in policy making. It considers the case of national strategies for one is implementing UN Agenda 2030 (better known as the SDGs) with a commitment to equity and inclusion; the majority of which rely on social protection and neglect macroeconomic policies. This paper proposes four systemic barriers in the policy making processes: institutional silos and gaps, informational deficits, ideology, and interests. We highlight how these barriers play out in mutually reinforcing ways to construct resilient barriers: narrowly defined mandates of central banks and other economic agencies are reinforced by ideological commitments and the influence of vested interests to neglect inclusion, equity and sustainable development as policy objectives, and in policy research agendas. This in turn creates a vicious circle of information deficits with respect to policy alternatives. The paper discusses how these barriers play out differently in different policy making contexts for different stakeholders.","PeriodicalId":46538,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Development and Capabilities","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47412250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-09DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2023.2241840
R. Pollin
ABSTRACT This paper focuses on transition policies targeted at supporting workers now employed in the fossil fuel industries and ancillary sectors within high-income economies. As a general normative principle, I argue that the overarching aim of such policies should be to protect workers against major losses in their living standards resulting through the fossil fuel industry phase-out. The impacted workers should be provided with guarantees to accomplish this, in the areas of jobs, compensation and pensions. Just transition policies should also include job search, retraining and relocation programs, but these forms of support should be recognized as supplementary. The overall set of just transition policies is fully aligned with the Energy Justice and Capabilities Approach as well as the UN's Sustainable Development Goals. Within this framework, the paper first reviews experiences with transitional policies in Germany, the UK, the EU and, more briefly, Japan and Canada. The policies either implemented or discussed in these cases do not provide the needed guarantees. The paper then presents an illustrative robust just transition program for the heavily fossil fuel-dependent U.S. state of West Virginia. This program will cost, as an annual average, about $42,000 per impacted worker, or about 0.2 percent of West Virginia's current GDP. I briefly summarize results for seven other U.S. states and for the overall U.S. economy. For the U.S. economy overall, the just transition program's costs would total to about 0.015 percent of GDP. These findings demonstrate the financial viability of robust just transition programs for high-income economies.
{"title":"Fossil Fuel Industry Phase-Out and Just Transition: Designing Policies to Protect Workers’ Living Standards","authors":"R. Pollin","doi":"10.1080/19452829.2023.2241840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19452829.2023.2241840","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper focuses on transition policies targeted at supporting workers now employed in the fossil fuel industries and ancillary sectors within high-income economies. As a general normative principle, I argue that the overarching aim of such policies should be to protect workers against major losses in their living standards resulting through the fossil fuel industry phase-out. The impacted workers should be provided with guarantees to accomplish this, in the areas of jobs, compensation and pensions. Just transition policies should also include job search, retraining and relocation programs, but these forms of support should be recognized as supplementary. The overall set of just transition policies is fully aligned with the Energy Justice and Capabilities Approach as well as the UN's Sustainable Development Goals. Within this framework, the paper first reviews experiences with transitional policies in Germany, the UK, the EU and, more briefly, Japan and Canada. The policies either implemented or discussed in these cases do not provide the needed guarantees. The paper then presents an illustrative robust just transition program for the heavily fossil fuel-dependent U.S. state of West Virginia. This program will cost, as an annual average, about $42,000 per impacted worker, or about 0.2 percent of West Virginia's current GDP. I briefly summarize results for seven other U.S. states and for the overall U.S. economy. For the U.S. economy overall, the just transition program's costs would total to about 0.015 percent of GDP. These findings demonstrate the financial viability of robust just transition programs for high-income economies.","PeriodicalId":46538,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Development and Capabilities","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48152946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-09DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2023.2243202
G. Cornia
ABSTRACT This paper reviews the trends in income inequality over the last 40 years, and proposes a new explanation for their evolution – that it is hoped will be tested empirically by many studies in the years ahead – to see whether the observed increases in inequality of the last four decades have been caused by an aggravation of its traditional causes (such as land an human capital concentration), or by a widespread increase in instability in five key areas affecting inequality, the Human Development Index and human capabilities. The five areas where a sharp increase in instability has been observed concern: (a) the financial sector; (b) industry 4.0, especially the development of robotics and artificial intelligence; (c) diseases such as ebola, aids and covid; (d) number of conflicts and (e) a growing environmental crisis. A key unanswered question in the above proposed overall explanation is whether these five crises are interconnected and whether there is a primum movens that explains this series of problematic events.
{"title":"Inequality and Capabilities in an Era of Rising Instability","authors":"G. Cornia","doi":"10.1080/19452829.2023.2243202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19452829.2023.2243202","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper reviews the trends in income inequality over the last 40 years, and proposes a new explanation for their evolution – that it is hoped will be tested empirically by many studies in the years ahead – to see whether the observed increases in inequality of the last four decades have been caused by an aggravation of its traditional causes (such as land an human capital concentration), or by a widespread increase in instability in five key areas affecting inequality, the Human Development Index and human capabilities. The five areas where a sharp increase in instability has been observed concern: (a) the financial sector; (b) industry 4.0, especially the development of robotics and artificial intelligence; (c) diseases such as ebola, aids and covid; (d) number of conflicts and (e) a growing environmental crisis. A key unanswered question in the above proposed overall explanation is whether these five crises are interconnected and whether there is a primum movens that explains this series of problematic events.","PeriodicalId":46538,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Development and Capabilities","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47203276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2023.2226461
María Emma Santos
{"title":"Measuring poverty around the world","authors":"María Emma Santos","doi":"10.1080/19452829.2023.2226461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19452829.2023.2226461","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46538,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Development and Capabilities","volume":"24 1","pages":"424 - 426"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47783606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2023.2240738
Thomas C. Stephens
ABSTRACT This paper introduces a comprehensive conceptual framework for measuring the Quality of Work (QoW) using the Capability Approach (CA). Drawing from [Robeyns,, Ingrid. 2017. Wellbeing, Freedom and Social Justice: The Capability Approach Re-Examined. Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers.] modular framework for developing Capability Theories, it proposes we conceive of work as a body of resources existing in a “space” of work. Dimensions of QoW can be identified based on how work resources enhance, or impede, the achievement of important “beings and doings” (Functionings) both inside (intrinsic importance) or outside (instrumental) this space – such as intrinsic Functionings like meaningful work; or instrumental Functionings like family- and life-fulfilment. However, it further argues that many approaches to QoW are under-specified, since they neglect the crucial ways that peoples’ wider circumstances, outside this space of work, determine peoples’ overall work-related wellbeing. This calls for indices of multi-dimensional QoW to also measure (a) the range of wider Functionings people could achieve outside their current work activity (the Capability Set); and (b) personal, social, and environmental factors which affect how work resources are converted into Functionings (Conversion Factors). It is only by taking these circumstances into account that indices can capture the true impact of the worst forms of work, by understanding who is forced to engage in this work.
本文介绍了一个使用能力方法(CA)测量工作质量(QoW)的综合概念框架。引自[Robeyns, Ingrid. 2017]。幸福、自由和社会正义:能力方法的再审视。剑桥，英国:Open Book Publishers。模块化框架来发展能力理论，它建议我们将工作设想为存在于工作“空间”中的资源体。QoW的维度可以根据工作资源如何增强或阻碍重要的“存在和行为”(功能)在这个空间内部(内在重要性)或外部(工具性)的实现来确定，例如有意义的工作等内在功能;或工具性功能，如家庭和生活的实现。然而，该研究进一步指出，许多衡量QoW的方法都没有明确规定，因为它们忽视了人们在工作空间之外的更广泛环境决定人们整体工作幸福感的关键方式。这需要多维QoW的指数来衡量(a)人们在当前工作活动之外可以实现的更广泛的功能范围(能力集);(b)影响工作资源如何转化为功能的个人、社会和环境因素(转化因素)。只有将这些情况考虑在内，通过了解哪些人被迫从事这种工作，指数才能捕捉到最恶劣工作形式的真正影响。
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Pub Date : 2023-06-26DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2023.2227106
Marc V. Rugani
ABSTRACT Often referred to as the church’s “best kept secret”, Catholic social teaching (CST) has much that commends it to those employing the capabilities approach to frame and justify proposals to both shape structures of solidarity and organise collective decision making with an emphasis on personal participation. The permanent principles of CST – dignity of the human person, solidarity, subsidiarity, and the common good – correlate to several key features of the capabilities approach’s development ethical landscape, namely dignity, agency, justice, and flourishing. Specifically, by leveraging the notions of solidarity and subsidiarity in CST, development theorists and practitioners can better articulate the necessary relationship between rights and duties especially as they relate to the expansion of capabilities and the promotion of human flourishing. The notion of reciprocal duties to others understood in terms of the virtue of solidarity while promoting agency and the support needed for personal participation through subsidiarity can be a way to articulate the frontiers of capabilities as they interface with rights. Both rights and capabilities imply and necessitate relationships of justice and the recognition of dignity in others and oneself which can help transform institutions, including the Catholic Church itself.
{"title":"Capabilities, Rights, and Responsibilities: Insights from Catholic Social Teaching","authors":"Marc V. Rugani","doi":"10.1080/19452829.2023.2227106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19452829.2023.2227106","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Often referred to as the church’s “best kept secret”, Catholic social teaching (CST) has much that commends it to those employing the capabilities approach to frame and justify proposals to both shape structures of solidarity and organise collective decision making with an emphasis on personal participation. The permanent principles of CST – dignity of the human person, solidarity, subsidiarity, and the common good – correlate to several key features of the capabilities approach’s development ethical landscape, namely dignity, agency, justice, and flourishing. Specifically, by leveraging the notions of solidarity and subsidiarity in CST, development theorists and practitioners can better articulate the necessary relationship between rights and duties especially as they relate to the expansion of capabilities and the promotion of human flourishing. The notion of reciprocal duties to others understood in terms of the virtue of solidarity while promoting agency and the support needed for personal participation through subsidiarity can be a way to articulate the frontiers of capabilities as they interface with rights. Both rights and capabilities imply and necessitate relationships of justice and the recognition of dignity in others and oneself which can help transform institutions, including the Catholic Church itself.","PeriodicalId":46538,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Development and Capabilities","volume":"24 1","pages":"359 - 374"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41772852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-24DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2023.2227108
Zehra Keser Ozmantar, Melis Cin, Faith Mkwananzi
ABSTRACT This paper engages with the experiences of refugee teachers through an identity-based conceptualisation of the capability approach to explore these teachers’ social environment, working conditions, values, and lived experiences. The research builds on the teachers’ capabilities literature to argue that norms, dynamics, and identities shape their political agency, opportunities, and constraints, providing nuanced understandings of their experiences as refugee teachers. Our aim is to narrate how they negotiate across different identities and mobilise their agency to be able to function as teachers and fit within their host countries. In doing so, we not only challenge the deficit model and oversimplified challenges experienced by teachers, but also explore the complexity and nuances of their journey of becoming and developing a teacher identity as a refugee under constrained working conditions. At the same time, teachers relentlessly build on their precarious teacher identities to work for their communities. The findings show that teachers build liminal identities in exile where the boundary between being a refugee and a teacher is simultaneously contested and embodied, but also key to their political agency and subjectivity of creating change.
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Pub Date : 2023-06-20DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2023.2226460
M. Phaneuf
chapter 9, the most complete in this part, he addresses the issue of poverty in rich countries. He offers a captivating discussion on the research on poverty measurement in countries under communism and raises awareness on the recent increase in poverty in Anglo-Saxon countries and Ireland. It is here that he offers a global poverty count with the proposed “societal poverty line”. The book editors invited two leading scholars to each write an afterword, addressing two relations Tony saw as fundamental. François Bourguignon offers a succinct yet complete account of the link between growth, inequality and poverty. He explains the decomposition of changes in (absolute) poverty into a growth-effect and a redistribution-effect; he explains the concept of poverty elasticity to growth, and he discusses the channels by which growth can affect inequality and vice versa. In turn, Nicholas Stern addresses the link between poverty and climate change. He makes a strong case for rapidly reducing emissions as the prospects of unmanaged climate change are truly dangerous. Stern emphasises that the poor are not only the first hit and least prepared to cope with natural disasters, but also the most vulnerable to more gradual environmental deterioration, such as lack of water and land degradation over time. On a positive note, Stern emphasises that actions to reduce emissions and actions to reduce poverty complement each other, and that many countries have managed to decouple GDP growth from GHG emissions thanks to powerful technological changes. Importantly, he echoes Tony in emphasising the need for a “just transition” to this new type of sustainable growth. The third part of the book consists of 60 brief national poverty country reports, which contain information on monetary poverty estimates over time (with different poverty lines), as well as OPHI’s MPI estimates. The reports, started by Tony, were completed by the editors and contain all the definitions of the reported measures. In sum, this is a relevant book for many. I am sure that Tony would be very pleased to see graduate students, young scholars, and the wider academic community continuing the research lines left in this book. That is the best tribute we can offer.
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