This paper describes content questions in Sm’algyax (or Coast Tsimshian, Maritime Tsimshianic) based on novel fieldwork. I outline the complex morphosyntactic reflexes of movement, or “extraction,” including wh-movement, relativization, and focus. Despite behaving rigidly ergative in terms of number and person agreement, Sm’algyax exhibits a three-way distinction when extracting core arguments of the predicate: the extraction of an intransitive subject, a transitive subject, and a direct object are all marked uniquely. Extraction therefore reveals an underlying structural distinction between intransitive subjects and transitive objects that is not otherwise apparent in their in situ positions. We observe similar phenomena in the extraction of oblique arguments: a number of extraction configurations mark different types of adjunct and non-core argument extraction that are often marked identically in situ. Moving beyond local movement, I show that long-distance movement is possible and exhibits the same morphosyntactic marking found in local movement in each intermediate clause.
{"title":"Questions and their Relatives in Sm’algyax","authors":"Colin Brown","doi":"10.1086/730303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/730303","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes content questions in Sm’algyax (or Coast Tsimshian, Maritime Tsimshianic) based on novel fieldwork. I outline the complex morphosyntactic reflexes of movement, or “extraction,” including wh-movement, relativization, and focus. Despite behaving rigidly ergative in terms of number and person agreement, Sm’algyax exhibits a three-way distinction when extracting core arguments of the predicate: the extraction of an intransitive subject, a transitive subject, and a direct object are all marked uniquely. Extraction therefore reveals an underlying structural distinction between intransitive subjects and transitive objects that is not otherwise apparent in their in situ positions. We observe similar phenomena in the extraction of oblique arguments: a number of extraction configurations mark different types of adjunct and non-core argument extraction that are often marked identically in situ. Moving beyond local movement, I show that long-distance movement is possible and exhibits the same morphosyntactic marking found in local movement in each intermediate clause.","PeriodicalId":46577,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of American Linguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141712184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the grammar of Tuxtla Totonac (TTu), constituent order is not used to codify syntactic relations like Subject or Object. Our analysis shows that the order of constituents in the clause in TTu is rigidly governed by the thematic relations in the communicative structure of sentences. For all configurations of S, V, O, Rheme (the portion of the clause corresponding to what the speaker wants their interlocutor to know) always precedes Theme (the portion of the clause that expresses what the clause is about). The analysis also shows that in the construction of discourse, each of the four nominal positions of the TTu sentence template serves a different communicative purpose. The results show that it is methodologically fruitful to separate the study of information structure at the level of the clause (Rheme/Theme) from the structuring of information at the level of discourse (Topic).
{"title":"Orden De Constituyentes Determinado Por La Estructura Comunicativa De La Cláusula:El Totonaco De Tuxtla","authors":"Paulette Levy, Teodoro Juárez Esteban","doi":"10.1086/730300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/730300","url":null,"abstract":"In the grammar of Tuxtla Totonac (TTu), constituent order is not used to codify syntactic relations like Subject or Object. Our analysis shows that the order of constituents in the clause in TTu is rigidly governed by the thematic relations in the communicative structure of sentences. For all configurations of S, V, O, Rheme (the portion of the clause corresponding to what the speaker wants their interlocutor to know) always precedes Theme (the portion of the clause that expresses what the clause is about). The analysis also shows that in the construction of discourse, each of the four nominal positions of the TTu sentence template serves a different communicative purpose. The results show that it is methodologically fruitful to separate the study of information structure at the level of the clause (Rheme/Theme) from the structuring of information at the level of discourse (Topic).","PeriodicalId":46577,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of American Linguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141690947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":":Linguist on the Loose: Adventures and Misadventures in Fieldwork","authors":"Sami Honkasalo","doi":"10.1086/730304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/730304","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46577,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of American Linguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141707804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Discussions about the wordhood of compounds have centered on whether the resultant expression constitutes one phonological word or two. In this study, I first describe the morphophonology of compounding in Temalacayuca Ngiwa (Popolocan, Otomanguean; Mexico) and argue that this language requires a distinction between “loose-knit” and “tight-knit” compounds, both of which constitute only one phonological word. Two types of compounds are distinguished by a phonological bond between the components and have syntactic and semantic correlations. I then argue that this distinction represents a difference in linking strategy in compounds. Ichru sen’ tjàkáxin jánchi tsien’xínni chìjní tí tsjé nù’è chúnda: ¿á ti’enni naá ò yúu chìjní? Ndi’ì xrùndáchrjan’ jánchi nchechíínni nù’è chìjní ngíwé’è ttjàjna’ Temalacayuca (tí kinixí’èn popolocana, otomangue; Sàsíndduá). Nè’è chìjní ji’ì, jíi yúu ndià chìjní tí tsjé nù’è chúnda: «jínii chúu», «tsíxinanga’». Yúxín ndià chìjní tí tsjé nù’è chúnda, nákuáxún taa chúu. Tí jínii chúu ichá tún-chíín nù’è, à tí tsíxinanga’ nándú’a tún-chíín. Itsjé tikoni, tí jínii chúu chúnda nákuáxún tí tien’xínni, à tí tsíxinanga’ chúnda yúu tí tien’xínni. Ndáchrjan’, máski jéxin tí jíndáchru ji’a íxin mé’è jíi yúu ndià tsúyanxín chìjní tí tsjé nù’è chúnda.
关于复合词词性的讨论主要集中在由此产生的表达是构成一个语音词还是两个语音词。在本研究中，我首先描述了 Temalacayuca Ngiwa（墨西哥波波洛坎语、奥托曼格语）中复合词的形态语音学，并认为这种语言需要区分 "松散结合 "和 "紧密结合 "的复合词，这两种复合词都只构成一个语音词。这两类化合物的区别在于其成分之间的语音联系，并且具有句法和语义关联。然后，我认为这种区别代表了复合词中连接策略的不同。Ichru sen' tjàkáxin jánchi tsien'xínni chìjní tí tsjé nù'è chúnda: ¿á ti'enni naá ò yúu chìjní?Ndi'ì xrùndáchrjan' jánchi nchechínni nù'è chìjní ngíwé'è ttjàjna' Temalacayuca (tí kinixí'èn popolocana, otomangue; Sàsíndduá)。Nè'è chìjní ji'ì, jíi yúu ndià chìjní tí tsjé nù'è chúnda："jínii chúu"，"tsíxinanga'"。Yúxín ndià chìjní tí tsjé nù'è chúnda, nákuáxún taa chúu.Tí jínii chúu ichá tún-chíín nù'è, à tí tsíxinanga' nándú'a tún-chín.Itsjé tikoni, tí jínii chúu chúnda nákuáxún tí tien'xínni, à tí tsíxinanga' chúnda yúu tí tien'xínni.Ndáchrjan', máski jéxin tí jíndáchru ji'a íxin mé'è jíi yúu ndià tsúyanxín chìjní tí tsjé nù'è chúnda.
{"title":"Prosody of Noun Compounding in Temalacayuca Ngiwa (Popoloca)","authors":"Shun Nakamoto","doi":"10.1086/730302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/730302","url":null,"abstract":"Discussions about the wordhood of compounds have centered on whether the resultant expression constitutes one phonological word or two. In this study, I first describe the morphophonology of compounding in Temalacayuca Ngiwa (Popolocan, Otomanguean; Mexico) and argue that this language requires a distinction between “loose-knit” and “tight-knit” compounds, both of which constitute only one phonological word. Two types of compounds are distinguished by a phonological bond between the components and have syntactic and semantic correlations. I then argue that this distinction represents a difference in linking strategy in compounds. Ichru sen’ tjàkáxin jánchi tsien’xínni chìjní tí tsjé nù’è chúnda: ¿á ti’enni naá ò yúu chìjní? Ndi’ì xrùndáchrjan’ jánchi nchechíínni nù’è chìjní ngíwé’è ttjàjna’ Temalacayuca (tí kinixí’èn popolocana, otomangue; Sàsíndduá). Nè’è chìjní ji’ì, jíi yúu ndià chìjní tí tsjé nù’è chúnda: «jínii chúu», «tsíxinanga’». Yúxín ndià chìjní tí tsjé nù’è chúnda, nákuáxún taa chúu. Tí jínii chúu ichá tún-chíín nù’è, à tí tsíxinanga’ nándú’a tún-chíín. Itsjé tikoni, tí jínii chúu chúnda nákuáxún tí tien’xínni, à tí tsíxinanga’ chúnda yúu tí tien’xínni. Ndáchrjan’, máski jéxin tí jíndáchru ji’a íxin mé’è jíi yúu ndià tsúyanxín chìjní tí tsjé nù’è chúnda.","PeriodicalId":46577,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of American Linguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141695225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jan Fliessbach, Nuria Martínez García, Melanie Uth
{"title":"The Production of Post-Lexical Prosodic Prominence in Yucatec Maya and its Perception by Speakers of Yucatecan Spanish","authors":"Jan Fliessbach, Nuria Martínez García, Melanie Uth","doi":"10.1086/728638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/728638","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46577,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of American Linguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140352424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Classifying Negated Nominals across Mixtec","authors":"Ben Eischens","doi":"10.1086/728641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/728641","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46577,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of American Linguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140352422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":":A Grammar of Meskwaki","authors":"Matthew Windsor","doi":"10.1086/728640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/728640","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46577,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of American Linguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140352452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sapir’s Law and the Role of Accent in the Reconstruction of Proto-Corachol-Nahuan","authors":"Magnus Pharao Hansen","doi":"10.1086/728639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/728639","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46577,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of American Linguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140352448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":":Words from Another World: A Collection of Analyzed Seri Texts","authors":"Carolyn O’Meara","doi":"10.1086/728636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/728636","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46577,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of American Linguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140352648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Manihri Pakuri ‘Rabbit and Coyote’","authors":"Claudine Chamoreau, Natalia Cáceres Arandia","doi":"10.1086/728137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/728137","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46577,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of American Linguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140352720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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