The Chinese language has many modal particles, which often appear at the end of a sentence, hence also known as sentence-final particles. Such particles have specific functions and carry implied meanings in different contexts. However, modal particles are generally considered not existing in English, so their translation from Chinese into English presents a challenge for translators. This study focuses on the English translation of the Chinese modal particle 啊 (a) in sentence-final positions based on examples from three Chinese movies. The translated subtitles with the modal particle 啊 (a) are categorised into four types of sentences – namely, declarative, interrogative, exclamative and imperative. The examples are analysed within the framework of Nida’s functional equivalence theory by comparing the modal particle’s functions and meanings in the source and target texts. It was found that omission, explicitation and linguistic amplification are the three strategies used for rendering this modal particle, while omission is the dominant strategy. Though acceptable in many cases, omission may lead to the loss of functions or implied meanings. The findings suggest that translators should rely on an analysis of the context to decide which strategy is most appropriate to convey the function and implied meaning of 啊 (a).
{"title":"Translating the Chinese Modal Particle 啊 (a)","authors":"Leong Ko, Yang Xu","doi":"10.5296/ijl.v14i6.20608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5296/ijl.v14i6.20608","url":null,"abstract":"The Chinese language has many modal particles, which often appear at the end of a sentence, hence also known as sentence-final particles. Such particles have specific functions and carry implied meanings in different contexts. However, modal particles are generally considered not existing in English, so their translation from Chinese into English presents a challenge for translators. This study focuses on the English translation of the Chinese modal particle 啊 (a) in sentence-final positions based on examples from three Chinese movies. The translated subtitles with the modal particle 啊 (a) are categorised into four types of sentences – namely, declarative, interrogative, exclamative and imperative. The examples are analysed within the framework of Nida’s functional equivalence theory by comparing the modal particle’s functions and meanings in the source and target texts. It was found that omission, explicitation and linguistic amplification are the three strategies used for rendering this modal particle, while omission is the dominant strategy. Though acceptable in many cases, omission may lead to the loss of functions or implied meanings. The findings suggest that translators should rely on an analysis of the context to decide which strategy is most appropriate to convey the function and implied meaning of 啊 (a).","PeriodicalId":46577,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of American Linguistics","volume":"290 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75331261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Languages are means by which speakers and writers communicate their common beliefs and personal attitudes. This study thus sought to analyze the attitudinal resources in four modern English poems written by the international poetess Lang Leav. The main aim was to find out the kind of worldview the poetess attempted to share with her readers from the perspective of the attitudinal system. This system is divided into three sub-systems: Affect, judgment, and appreciation. After the attitudinal resources were collected and classified, the results indicated that both affect and appreciation resources were frequently used in the comprised corpus, followed by judgment resources. Moreover, the study found that Leav mostly shared a pessimistic view of love and romantic relationships. Therefore, the poetess utilized negative attributes more than positive ones throughout her compositions. Finally, this study may give useful implications about how modern English poetry is constructed based on a reliable perspective.
{"title":"A Critical Discourse Analysis of the Attitudinal Resources in Modern English Poetry: The Appraisal System","authors":"Lana S. Almohaimeed","doi":"10.5296/ijl.v14i5.20315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5296/ijl.v14i5.20315","url":null,"abstract":"Languages are means by which speakers and writers communicate their common beliefs and personal attitudes. This study thus sought to analyze the attitudinal resources in four modern English poems written by the international poetess Lang Leav. The main aim was to find out the kind of worldview the poetess attempted to share with her readers from the perspective of the attitudinal system. This system is divided into three sub-systems: Affect, judgment, and appreciation. After the attitudinal resources were collected and classified, the results indicated that both affect and appreciation resources were frequently used in the comprised corpus, followed by judgment resources. Moreover, the study found that Leav mostly shared a pessimistic view of love and romantic relationships. Therefore, the poetess utilized negative attributes more than positive ones throughout her compositions. Finally, this study may give useful implications about how modern English poetry is constructed based on a reliable perspective.","PeriodicalId":46577,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of American Linguistics","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83576077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Several studies have investigated the use of Digital Storytelling to foster Second Language Acquisition at primary school level from pre-service teachers’ perspectives. However, research regarding the employ of Book Creator, a digital book-making tool, to enhance students’ language, digital, and intercultural competences according to student teachers’ perceptions is still lacking. This article presents a case study carried out with 35 student teachers who participated in a workshop on teaching Italian as a Second Language through Digital Storytelling during a single cycle degree programme in Primary Teacher Education, at an Italian university. The study aimed at exploring pre-service teachers’ beliefs, practices, and needs regarding the use of Book Creator to train pupils’ language, digital, and intercultural skills within the multilingual and multicultural Italian primary school. Student teachers were asked to experiment Book Creator and to reflect about its didactic potentialities, from both students’ and teachers’ perspectives. Data were collected through a questionnaire, student teachers’ multimodal artifacts and teaching materials. Results show the efficacy of Book Creator as a learning tool aimed at enhancing pupils’ language competences, digital literacies, and intercultural awareness, as well as pre-service teachers’ interest in discovering further digital resources to foster Second Language Acquisition through Digital Storytelling.
{"title":"Pre-Service Primary Teachers’ Beliefs, Practices, and Needs Regarding the Teaching of a Second Language Through Book Creator","authors":"Camilla Spaliviero","doi":"10.5296/ijl.v14i5.20140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5296/ijl.v14i5.20140","url":null,"abstract":"Several studies have investigated the use of Digital Storytelling to foster Second Language Acquisition at primary school level from pre-service teachers’ perspectives. However, research regarding the employ of Book Creator, a digital book-making tool, to enhance students’ language, digital, and intercultural competences according to student teachers’ perceptions is still lacking. This article presents a case study carried out with 35 student teachers who participated in a workshop on teaching Italian as a Second Language through Digital Storytelling during a single cycle degree programme in Primary Teacher Education, at an Italian university. The study aimed at exploring pre-service teachers’ beliefs, practices, and needs regarding the use of Book Creator to train pupils’ language, digital, and intercultural skills within the multilingual and multicultural Italian primary school. Student teachers were asked to experiment Book Creator and to reflect about its didactic potentialities, from both students’ and teachers’ perspectives. Data were collected through a questionnaire, student teachers’ multimodal artifacts and teaching materials. Results show the efficacy of Book Creator as a learning tool aimed at enhancing pupils’ language competences, digital literacies, and intercultural awareness, as well as pre-service teachers’ interest in discovering further digital resources to foster Second Language Acquisition through Digital Storytelling.","PeriodicalId":46577,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of American Linguistics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86389551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The political events in the region have been a major cause of the radical reform in the relationship between Saudi Arabia and the United States (US) in recent years. The ties between both are believed to have become further complicated, since the statements through which the current American president, Joe Biden, accused Saudi politics of transgressing human rights. These statements have attracted the attention of the media and questioned the perspective of Saudi politics and the prospective impact on future bilateral cooperation with the U.S. Saudi politicians have never reacted to Biden’s behaviour over the media due to the criticality of explicit political speeches on social perception (Seidel,1985), but I argue here that the conservative reactions of Saudi diplomats have been implicitly transferred through the eloquence of verbal language and the implied meaning of non-verbal language. The focus will be on the deportment of the crown prince, Mohammed Bin Salman, upon hosting Joe Biden in the last political summit held in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
该地区的政治事件是近年来沙特阿拉伯与美国关系发生根本性改革的主要原因。据信，自现任美国总统乔·拜登(Joe Biden)发表声明指责沙特政治侵犯人权以来，两国之间的关系变得更加复杂。这些言论引起了媒体的注意，并质疑沙特政治的观点以及对未来与美国双边合作的预期影响。由于明确的政治演讲对社会感知的重要性，沙特政客从未对拜登在媒体上的行为做出反应(Seidel,1985)。但我认为，沙特外交官的保守反应已经通过口头语言的口才和非口头语言的隐含意义含蓄地转移了。焦点将是王储穆罕默德·本·萨勒曼(Mohammed Bin Salman)在上次在沙特阿拉伯吉达举行的政治峰会上接待乔·拜登(Joe Biden)时的举止。
{"title":"The Linguistic Behaviour of Mohammed Bin Salman in Response to Biden’s Statements Against Saudi Politics","authors":"Khalid Hudhayri","doi":"10.5296/ijl.v14i5.20219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5296/ijl.v14i5.20219","url":null,"abstract":"The political events in the region have been a major cause of the radical reform in the relationship between Saudi Arabia and the United States (US) in recent years. The ties between both are believed to have become further complicated, since the statements through which the current American president, Joe Biden, accused Saudi politics of transgressing human rights. These statements have attracted the attention of the media and questioned the perspective of Saudi politics and the prospective impact on future bilateral cooperation with the U.S. Saudi politicians have never reacted to Biden’s behaviour over the media due to the criticality of explicit political speeches on social perception (Seidel,1985), but I argue here that the conservative reactions of Saudi diplomats have been implicitly transferred through the eloquence of verbal language and the implied meaning of non-verbal language. The focus will be on the deportment of the crown prince, Mohammed Bin Salman, upon hosting Joe Biden in the last political summit held in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.","PeriodicalId":46577,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of American Linguistics","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89523031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study analyzes President Trump’s inaugural speech (2017) based on the principles of Appraisal Theory (Martin & Rose, 2007). Appraisal/ Evaluation of Systematic Functional Linguistics (SFL) is a framework used for analyzing evaluative language that focuses on how people explicitly or implicitly show their feelings, how they take positions, and how they align or misalign themselves with social issues. Martin and Rose (2007) classified Appraisal System into three distinct subsystems: Source, Amplification, and Attitude. This paper mainly focuses on analyzing the Attitude of Trump’s Inaugural Address. I conclude that Trump employed three types of Attitudes in his speech: Affect, Judgement, and Appreciation. I found 90 clauses of Attitudes: 45 stances of Affect, 31 Judgement, and 14 Appreciation. Findings indicate that: Trump, in his Inaugural Address, used positive Attitudes more than negative Attitudes; Affect dominated the sources of Attitude, and positive Security has the highest frequency among the Attitude sub-types. Moreover, the study shows that Trump used metaphors, idioms, and simple words to convey his message throughout the speech.
{"title":"Appraisal Devices Realizing Attitudes in Donald Trump’s Inaugural Speech: America First","authors":"Nurah Saleh Alhudaithy","doi":"10.5296/ijl.v14i5.18976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5296/ijl.v14i5.18976","url":null,"abstract":"This study analyzes President Trump’s inaugural speech (2017) based on the principles of Appraisal Theory (Martin & Rose, 2007). Appraisal/ Evaluation of Systematic Functional Linguistics (SFL) is a framework used for analyzing evaluative language that focuses on how people explicitly or implicitly show their feelings, how they take positions, and how they align or misalign themselves with social issues. Martin and Rose (2007) classified Appraisal System into three distinct subsystems: Source, Amplification, and Attitude. This paper mainly focuses on analyzing the Attitude of Trump’s Inaugural Address. I conclude that Trump employed three types of Attitudes in his speech: Affect, Judgement, and Appreciation. I found 90 clauses of Attitudes: 45 stances of Affect, 31 Judgement, and 14 Appreciation. Findings indicate that: Trump, in his Inaugural Address, used positive Attitudes more than negative Attitudes; Affect dominated the sources of Attitude, and positive Security has the highest frequency among the Attitude sub-types. Moreover, the study shows that Trump used metaphors, idioms, and simple words to convey his message throughout the speech.","PeriodicalId":46577,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of American Linguistics","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81325991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Uumajursiutik unaatuinnamut. Hunter with harpoon. Chasseur au harpon. By Markoosie Patsauq. Edited and translated by Valerie Henitiuk and Marc-Antoine Mahieu. Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2021. Pp. xviii + 334.","authors":"Louis-jacques Dorais","doi":"10.1086/720818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/720818","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46577,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of American Linguistics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48210050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article revisits transitivity and case marking of non-actor arguments in Yaqui. Yaqui has been defined as a transitive-prominent language because two-place predicates taking accusative arguments marked by -ta are extremely common, while predicates taking indirect/dative arguments marked by -u ‘to’ are uncommon. In addition to -u, there are several other predicates that take arguments marked by -t ‘at’. Two-place predicates with non-accusative arguments have been treated marginally in Yaqui grammar. This article examines coding and behavioral properties of accusative and non-accusative non-actor arguments in Yaqui. Evidence is given to support the claim that Yaqui does not have dative case but instead uses two oblique markers, -u and -t. This article also argues that Yaqui shows two types of split argument coding: verbs taking oblique arguments only and verbs with alternative coding (accusative and oblique).
本文重新探讨了雅葵语中非行为人参数的及物性和格标记。雅语被定义为一种突出的及物性语言，因为使用-ta标记的宾格参数的二元谓词非常常见，而使用-u ' to标记的间接/与格参数的谓词并不常见。除了-u之外，还有其他几个谓词接受以-t ' at '标记的参数。具有非宾格论证的二元谓词在雅基语法中被忽略了。本文考察了《雅趣》中宾格和非宾格非行为人参数的编码和行为特征。有证据支持Yaqui没有加格，而是使用了两个倾斜的标记-u和-t。本文还认为，Yaqui展示了两种类型的分裂实参编码:仅带斜实参的动词和带替代编码(宾格和斜格)的动词。
{"title":"Transitivity and Split Argument Coding In Yaqui","authors":"Lilián Guerrero","doi":"10.1086/720819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/720819","url":null,"abstract":"This article revisits transitivity and case marking of non-actor arguments in Yaqui. Yaqui has been defined as a transitive-prominent language because two-place predicates taking accusative arguments marked by -ta are extremely common, while predicates taking indirect/dative arguments marked by -u ‘to’ are uncommon. In addition to -u, there are several other predicates that take arguments marked by -t ‘at’. Two-place predicates with non-accusative arguments have been treated marginally in Yaqui grammar. This article examines coding and behavioral properties of accusative and non-accusative non-actor arguments in Yaqui. Evidence is given to support the claim that Yaqui does not have dative case but instead uses two oblique markers, -u and -t. This article also argues that Yaqui shows two types of split argument coding: verbs taking oblique arguments only and verbs with alternative coding (accusative and oblique).","PeriodicalId":46577,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of American Linguistics","volume":"88 1","pages":"535 - 571"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45219092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article proposes a historical scenario for the rise of non-finite independent clauses in the Arawak family, one of the largest linguistic families of South America. The competition between finite and non-finite clauses as independent clauses and the supremacy of the latter is well documented in Americanist typology, especially by Castro Alves (2004) and Salanova (2007) on Jê languages and Gildea (2008) on Caribe and Jê languages. In this respect, the Arawak family is highly relevant, since we can easily find illustrations of each step of this diachronic process. I posit that the available data suggest five successive stages: a stage of finiteness, a stage of nominalization for subordinate clauses, a stage of insubordination, a stage of hegemony of the non-finite forms, and, finally, a stage of finitization.
{"title":"Insubordination and Finitization in Arawakan Languages","authors":"Tom Durand","doi":"10.1086/720820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/720820","url":null,"abstract":"This article proposes a historical scenario for the rise of non-finite independent clauses in the Arawak family, one of the largest linguistic families of South America. The competition between finite and non-finite clauses as independent clauses and the supremacy of the latter is well documented in Americanist typology, especially by Castro Alves (2004) and Salanova (2007) on Jê languages and Gildea (2008) on Caribe and Jê languages. In this respect, the Arawak family is highly relevant, since we can easily find illustrations of each step of this diachronic process. I posit that the available data suggest five successive stages: a stage of finiteness, a stage of nominalization for subordinate clauses, a stage of insubordination, a stage of hegemony of the non-finite forms, and, finally, a stage of finitization.","PeriodicalId":46577,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of American Linguistics","volume":"88 1","pages":"469 - 506"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60726951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article is an analysis of the genetic relationship between Stoney and Assiniboine and documents Assiniboine’s major dialectal division in the light of comparative and historical data. The first objective consists in a critical analysis of the widespread assumption—which is based on lexicostatistics, sound changes, and lexical differentiation—that Stoney separated from the Dakotan group independently from Assiniboine. I show that many of the sound changes and lexical differences found in Stoney are shallow diachronically and cannot be used to sustain an early separation hypothesis. On the contrary, there are a number of shared innovations that indicate Stoney and Assiniboine descend from an immediate common ancestor, Proto-Nakoda. The second objective is to provide new data on Assiniboine dialectal divisions—specifically phonological reshaping of stems—that help clarify and further refine the internal dialectal divisions of Assiniboine and its historical and genetic relationships with Stoney.
{"title":"Comparative and Historical Aspects of Nakoda Dialectology","authors":"Vincent Collette","doi":"10.1086/720822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/720822","url":null,"abstract":"This article is an analysis of the genetic relationship between Stoney and Assiniboine and documents Assiniboine’s major dialectal division in the light of comparative and historical data. The first objective consists in a critical analysis of the widespread assumption—which is based on lexicostatistics, sound changes, and lexical differentiation—that Stoney separated from the Dakotan group independently from Assiniboine. I show that many of the sound changes and lexical differences found in Stoney are shallow diachronically and cannot be used to sustain an early separation hypothesis. On the contrary, there are a number of shared innovations that indicate Stoney and Assiniboine descend from an immediate common ancestor, Proto-Nakoda. The second objective is to provide new data on Assiniboine dialectal divisions—specifically phonological reshaping of stems—that help clarify and further refine the internal dialectal divisions of Assiniboine and its historical and genetic relationships with Stoney.","PeriodicalId":46577,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of American Linguistics","volume":"88 1","pages":"441 - 467"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48468951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Este artículo presenta una descripción general de la negación en sáliba (ISO639-3: slc), una lengua en grave riesgo de extinción que se habla en Colombia y Venezuela. La predicación estándar y no estándar se caracterizan por sufijar el marcador de negación -di omnipresente en esta lengua. Se presenta asimetría constructiva en predicaciones intransitivas y transitivas con el modo real porque adiciona -a ‘? sin definir su significado’, pero en predicaciones intransitivas y transitivas con el modo irreal y otros morfemas es simétrica. Las predicaciones no verbales pueden focalizar y negar en el sujeto, y la negación en cláusulas no principales se restringe a la raíz a la que se afija. Tipológicamente tiene el patrón menos común porque utiliza los mismos medios formales y constructivos para la negación estándar, no estándar y existencial, pero también tiene el patrón más común porque el indefinido negativo es el mismo que el afirmativo.
{"title":"La Negación En La Lengua Sáliba","authors":"Hortensia Estrada Ramírez","doi":"10.1086/720821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/720821","url":null,"abstract":"Este artículo presenta una descripción general de la negación en sáliba (ISO639-3: slc), una lengua en grave riesgo de extinción que se habla en Colombia y Venezuela. La predicación estándar y no estándar se caracterizan por sufijar el marcador de negación -di omnipresente en esta lengua. Se presenta asimetría constructiva en predicaciones intransitivas y transitivas con el modo real porque adiciona -a ‘? sin definir su significado’, pero en predicaciones intransitivas y transitivas con el modo irreal y otros morfemas es simétrica. Las predicaciones no verbales pueden focalizar y negar en el sujeto, y la negación en cláusulas no principales se restringe a la raíz a la que se afija. Tipológicamente tiene el patrón menos común porque utiliza los mismos medios formales y constructivos para la negación estándar, no estándar y existencial, pero también tiene el patrón más común porque el indefinido negativo es el mismo que el afirmativo.","PeriodicalId":46577,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of American Linguistics","volume":"88 1","pages":"507 - 533"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45480070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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