Indian languages are not mentioned in any of the canonical literature on null subject languages as they do not fall in a specific subcategory neatly. They show a relatively consistent conjugation system, but have more features of Radical pro-drop languages than Consistent Null-Subject languages. (Note 1) I examine South Dravidian languages (henceforth SDLs), which show consistent conjugation system, much like the Romance languages yet drop arguments and adjuncts profusely, especially if they are once established in the discourse. There is a sense of hesitance amongst scholars to concede and group them among Radical pro-drop languages. I follow Sigurdsson (2011) in that generative literature has ‘misjudged the role of agreement for licensing and identifying of null arguments’(Sigurdsson, 2011, p. 276) and argue that the special nature of SDLs as radical pro-drop languages that have agreement prove to be a prime example of this. SDLs prove as prime examples to suggest a unified theory of pro in line with Barbosa (2019).
{"title":"South Dravidian Languages: Consistent Null Subject or Discourse Pro-Drop?","authors":"Arya Navya A V","doi":"10.5296/ijl.v15i1.20766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5296/ijl.v15i1.20766","url":null,"abstract":"Indian languages are not mentioned in any of the canonical literature on null subject languages as they do not fall in a specific subcategory neatly. They show a relatively consistent conjugation system, but have more features of Radical pro-drop languages than Consistent Null-Subject languages. (Note 1) I examine South Dravidian languages (henceforth SDLs), which show consistent conjugation system, much like the Romance languages yet drop arguments and adjuncts profusely, especially if they are once established in the discourse. There is a sense of hesitance amongst scholars to concede and group them among Radical pro-drop languages. I follow Sigurdsson (2011) in that generative literature has ‘misjudged the role of agreement for licensing and identifying of null arguments’(Sigurdsson, 2011, p. 276) and argue that the special nature of SDLs as radical pro-drop languages that have agreement prove to be a prime example of this. SDLs prove as prime examples to suggest a unified theory of pro in line with Barbosa (2019).","PeriodicalId":46577,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of American Linguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78953394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
During the outbreak of Covid-19 pandemic in the late 2020, online learning has become a coercive solution and a last resort, not just a luxurious option of learning style. The forced sudden transition from face-to-face educational system to online education is an unprecedented phenomenon that represented a challenge in itself, therefore, needed to be explored and studied thoroughly. This study, based on a sequential explanatory mixed methods research design, aims to explore the opportunities and challenges of teaching English online in the times of Covid-19 through surveying English language instructors in the context of a Saudi government university in the city of Jeddah in the Western Region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The study utilised a survey approach using an adopted questionnaire to 41 instructors (23 males and 18 females). Analyses of the data indicated that the majority of the teachers were knowledgeable and experienced enough with the online platforms, however, they were overwhelmed with the unexpected and sudden transformation to the full mode online learning. Furthermore, a large number of the participants expressed their initial frustration trying to adjust to the full mode online system, however, they found ample opportunities for more teaching and learning flexibility with an autonomous learning provision for the students.
{"title":"Teaching English Online in the Times of Covid-19 at a Saudi University: Opportunities and Challenges","authors":"Abrar Alsulami, Turki Alsolami","doi":"10.5296/ijl.v15i1.20708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5296/ijl.v15i1.20708","url":null,"abstract":"During the outbreak of Covid-19 pandemic in the late 2020, online learning has become a coercive solution and a last resort, not just a luxurious option of learning style. The forced sudden transition from face-to-face educational system to online education is an unprecedented phenomenon that represented a challenge in itself, therefore, needed to be explored and studied thoroughly. This study, based on a sequential explanatory mixed methods research design, aims to explore the opportunities and challenges of teaching English online in the times of Covid-19 through surveying English language instructors in the context of a Saudi government university in the city of Jeddah in the Western Region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The study utilised a survey approach using an adopted questionnaire to 41 instructors (23 males and 18 females). Analyses of the data indicated that the majority of the teachers were knowledgeable and experienced enough with the online platforms, however, they were overwhelmed with the unexpected and sudden transformation to the full mode online learning. Furthermore, a large number of the participants expressed their initial frustration trying to adjust to the full mode online system, however, they found ample opportunities for more teaching and learning flexibility with an autonomous learning provision for the students.","PeriodicalId":46577,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of American Linguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75753717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study explores how Japanese EFL learners’ mindset toward their own regional dialect in Japanese (L1) influences their attitudes toward Japanese English, a recognized variety of English from the viewpoint of “English as an International Language” (EIL). We aim to examine whether Japanese learners’ attitudes toward the L1 dialects they speak can be a criterion to judge who can accept and practice Japanese English positively. Fourteen Japanese college students were divided into two groups–Western and Northeastern Japan–based on the widely held idea that the Western dialect is popular a variety in Japan while the Northeastern dialect is less popular. Students participated in a survey about their dialects, read two articles about English varieties, and wrote about their ideas on Japanese English. The results show that all the students from Western Japan (7) were favorable about their Japanese dialects, and five showed positive attitudes toward Japanese English. In the Northeastern Japan group, more than half of the students showed negative mindsets toward their own Japanese dialects. The overall tendency was that those who answered favorably about their dialects showed positive attitudes toward Japanese English while those who were negative about their L1 dialect also showed negative attitudes toward Japanese English. The results suggest that Japanese EFL learners’ attitudes toward their L1 regional dialect and Japanese English are correlated. The findings can be a benchmark to predict who would agree or disagree with the idea of EIL and help us decide what approaches to take to introduce the concept.
{"title":"Correlation Between Japanese EFL Learners’ Attitudes Toward L1 Dialects and Japanese English","authors":"Arifumi Saito","doi":"10.5296/ijl.v15i1.20691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5296/ijl.v15i1.20691","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores how Japanese EFL learners’ mindset toward their own regional dialect in Japanese (L1) influences their attitudes toward Japanese English, a recognized variety of English from the viewpoint of “English as an International Language” (EIL). We aim to examine whether Japanese learners’ attitudes toward the L1 dialects they speak can be a criterion to judge who can accept and practice Japanese English positively. Fourteen Japanese college students were divided into two groups–Western and Northeastern Japan–based on the widely held idea that the Western dialect is popular a variety in Japan while the Northeastern dialect is less popular. Students participated in a survey about their dialects, read two articles about English varieties, and wrote about their ideas on Japanese English. The results show that all the students from Western Japan (7) were favorable about their Japanese dialects, and five showed positive attitudes toward Japanese English. In the Northeastern Japan group, more than half of the students showed negative mindsets toward their own Japanese dialects. The overall tendency was that those who answered favorably about their dialects showed positive attitudes toward Japanese English while those who were negative about their L1 dialect also showed negative attitudes toward Japanese English. The results suggest that Japanese EFL learners’ attitudes toward their L1 regional dialect and Japanese English are correlated. The findings can be a benchmark to predict who would agree or disagree with the idea of EIL and help us decide what approaches to take to introduce the concept.","PeriodicalId":46577,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of American Linguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81447301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: This article aimed to ascertain which methods were used to Africanize the language used in Gurnah’s Afterlives. It is well known that Abdulrazack was born and raised in Tanzania (Africa), and how to be an African was reflected in his work through language was the main aim of this article. Unfortunately, studies on Africanizing English language in African novels are few and based on old novels. Therefore, researchers need to analyze the current works written in English by Africans to find out which methods were used to Africanize English in their works. Methodology: This research used a descriptive qualitative method. It means that it describes the method used in Gurnah's Afterlives to Africanize the English language based on the data gained through reading the whole content of the novel. This article was grounded on the Languages in Contact theory introduced by Uriel Weinreich's languages in Contact: Findings and Problems (1953). Data were analyzed by using a content analysis-directed approach. Findings: It was found that Gurnah used code-mixing, code-switching, and translation to Africanize English Language. Furthermore, the main reason was to reflect on the language used in daily activities in Tanzanian society. Unique Contribution To Theory, Practice and Policy: This article contributes to the theory that, not only in spoken language where we can notice languages in contact, but also in literary works where the writers reflect on how the certain society use language in daily activities. Thus, even though the writer chooses to write in another language, we can still notice the characteristics of his language in his writing, as shown in Gurnah's Afterlives novels.
{"title":"Africanizing of the English language in African Novels: Analysis of Abdulrazack Gurnah’s Afterlives (2020)","authors":"Geniva Kazinja, Shiya xu","doi":"10.47604/ijl.1759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47604/ijl.1759","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: This article aimed to ascertain which methods were used to Africanize the language used in Gurnah’s Afterlives. It is well known that Abdulrazack was born and raised in Tanzania (Africa), and how to be an African was reflected in his work through language was the main aim of this article. Unfortunately, studies on Africanizing English language in African novels are few and based on old novels. Therefore, researchers need to analyze the current works written in English by Africans to find out which methods were used to Africanize English in their works. \u0000Methodology: This research used a descriptive qualitative method. It means that it describes the method used in Gurnah's Afterlives to Africanize the English language based on the data gained through reading the whole content of the novel. This article was grounded on the Languages in Contact theory introduced by Uriel Weinreich's languages in Contact: Findings and Problems (1953). Data were analyzed by using a content analysis-directed approach. \u0000Findings: It was found that Gurnah used code-mixing, code-switching, and translation to Africanize English Language. Furthermore, the main reason was to reflect on the language used in daily activities in Tanzanian society. \u0000Unique Contribution To Theory, Practice and Policy: This article contributes to the theory that, not only in spoken language where we can notice languages in contact, but also in literary works where the writers reflect on how the certain society use language in daily activities. Thus, even though the writer chooses to write in another language, we can still notice the characteristics of his language in his writing, as shown in Gurnah's Afterlives novels.","PeriodicalId":46577,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of American Linguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89742633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Some of Chinese corporations in food industry have recently faced sharp criticism for their illegal operation or unethical behavior. To deal with such crisis, these corporations are inclined to manage their public impressions by issuing apology statements. Serious as these problems are, yet scarce research has focused on the impression management of Chinese corporations through apologies. This paper aims to make a pragmatic analysis of apology strategies employed by Chinese food companies for impression management, drawing upon the framework of Jones and Pittman’s (1982) impression management strategies and Blum-Kulka and Olshtain’s (1984) theory of CCSARP. Based on a self-built corpus of 50 apology statements issued by Chinese food companies, the paper identified different apology strategies and their accompanying linguistic features through discourse analysis. The results show that IFIDs and offer of repair are two of the most common strategies in Chinese corporate apologies, whereas taking on responsibility is less frequently used. The apology strategies are often accompanied with such linguistic features as person deixis, honorifics, intensification and repetition. Chinese companies adopt these diverse apology strategies and linguistic features for the sake of impression management, which is realized by using such strategies as ingratiation, self-promotion, exemplification and supplication. Finally, the paper provides insights into the understanding of crisis management and corporate communication practice online.
最近，一些中国食品企业因其非法经营或不道德行为而受到严厉批评。为了应对这种危机，这些企业倾向于通过发表道歉声明来管理自己的公众印象。尽管这些问题很严重，但很少有研究关注中国企业通过道歉进行的印象管理。本文旨在借鉴Jones and Pittman(1982)的印象管理策略和Blum-Kulka and Olshtain(1984)的CCSARP理论框架，对中国食品企业在印象管理中采用的道歉策略进行语用分析。本文以自建的50份中国食品企业道歉声明语料库为基础，通过语篇分析找出了不同的道歉策略及其伴随的语言特征。结果表明，IFIDs和提供修复是中国企业道歉中最常见的两种策略，而承担责任的策略使用频率较低。道歉策略往往伴随着人称指示、敬语、强化和重复等语言特征。中国企业采用这些不同的道歉策略和语言特征是为了管理印象，主要通过讨好、自我推销、举例和恳求等策略来实现。最后，本文提供了对危机管理的理解和企业在线沟通实践的见解。
{"title":"A Pragmatic Study of Corporate Apologies for Impression Management: A Case of Chinese Food Industry","authors":"Kexin Zhou, Zhanghong Xu","doi":"10.5296/ijl.v14i6.20465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5296/ijl.v14i6.20465","url":null,"abstract":"Some of Chinese corporations in food industry have recently faced sharp criticism for their illegal operation or unethical behavior. To deal with such crisis, these corporations are inclined to manage their public impressions by issuing apology statements. Serious as these problems are, yet scarce research has focused on the impression management of Chinese corporations through apologies. This paper aims to make a pragmatic analysis of apology strategies employed by Chinese food companies for impression management, drawing upon the framework of Jones and Pittman’s (1982) impression management strategies and Blum-Kulka and Olshtain’s (1984) theory of CCSARP. Based on a self-built corpus of 50 apology statements issued by Chinese food companies, the paper identified different apology strategies and their accompanying linguistic features through discourse analysis. The results show that IFIDs and offer of repair are two of the most common strategies in Chinese corporate apologies, whereas taking on responsibility is less frequently used. The apology strategies are often accompanied with such linguistic features as person deixis, honorifics, intensification and repetition. Chinese companies adopt these diverse apology strategies and linguistic features for the sake of impression management, which is realized by using such strategies as ingratiation, self-promotion, exemplification and supplication. Finally, the paper provides insights into the understanding of crisis management and corporate communication practice online.","PeriodicalId":46577,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of American Linguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78127943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":":Lakota Texts: Narratives of Lakota Life And Culture in the Twentieth Century","authors":"Jan Ullrich","doi":"10.1086/722238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/722238","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46577,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of American Linguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42315642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper contributes to the basic internal classification of Chibchan. Currently, the most widely accepted hypothesis is that Proto-Chibchan first split into two branches: the ancestor of Pech and the ancestor of all the other Chibchan languages, which are subsumed under the label of Core Chibchan. This paper presents evidence casting doubt on this structure—namely, nine innovations that Pech shares exclusively with Chibchan languages of the Arhuacic subgroup spoken in northern Colombia. These shared innovations are phonological, morphological, and lexical and suggest the existence of a Pech-Arhuacic subgroup. They also suggest that a bifurcation of Proto-Chibchan into the ancestor of Pech and the ancestor of all other Chibchan languages cannot be maintained. This observation has implications for our understanding of migration in the Isthmo-Colombian Area.
{"title":"Pech and the Basic Internal Classification of Chibchan","authors":"Matthias Pache","doi":"10.1086/722240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/722240","url":null,"abstract":"This paper contributes to the basic internal classification of Chibchan. Currently, the most widely accepted hypothesis is that Proto-Chibchan first split into two branches: the ancestor of Pech and the ancestor of all the other Chibchan languages, which are subsumed under the label of Core Chibchan. This paper presents evidence casting doubt on this structure—namely, nine innovations that Pech shares exclusively with Chibchan languages of the Arhuacic subgroup spoken in northern Colombia. These shared innovations are phonological, morphological, and lexical and suggest the existence of a Pech-Arhuacic subgroup. They also suggest that a bifurcation of Proto-Chibchan into the ancestor of Pech and the ancestor of all other Chibchan languages cannot be maintained. This observation has implications for our understanding of migration in the Isthmo-Colombian Area.","PeriodicalId":46577,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of American Linguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45922824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I argue that the distinct patterns in the morphology of agreement in inverse alignment in Kadiwéu and Mocoví are generated by the different ways in which the languages deal with multiple-argument agreement. It is often the case that multiple-argument agreement displays restrictions on the full realization of all combinations of arguments (Nevins 2007), and this paper attempts to show that this is the case in the analysis of Kadiwéu and Mocoví agreement markers. I propose here that Mocoví differs from Kadiwéu only in that Kadiwéu applies impoverishment, whereas Mocoví applies fission on the same output, generating distinct patterns of agreement concerning subject and object.
{"title":"On the Guaikuruan Inverse System: Interpreting Kadiwéu and Mocoví Person Hierarchies","authors":"F. Sandalo","doi":"10.1086/722239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/722239","url":null,"abstract":"I argue that the distinct patterns in the morphology of agreement in inverse alignment in Kadiwéu and Mocoví are generated by the different ways in which the languages deal with multiple-argument agreement. It is often the case that multiple-argument agreement displays restrictions on the full realization of all combinations of arguments (Nevins 2007), and this paper attempts to show that this is the case in the analysis of Kadiwéu and Mocoví agreement markers. I propose here that Mocoví differs from Kadiwéu only in that Kadiwéu applies impoverishment, whereas Mocoví applies fission on the same output, generating distinct patterns of agreement concerning subject and object.","PeriodicalId":46577,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of American Linguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48092044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":":Language Rights and the Law in the United States and its Territories","authors":"Arthur Ivan Bravo","doi":"10.1086/722236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/722236","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46577,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of American Linguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46698766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper provides a semantic description of some aspectual phenomena in Wá∙šiw, a language in which grammatical aspect is not obligatorily marked on verbs. It is shown that aspectually unmarked clauses can receive either perfective or imperfective interpretations, and I provide tests for distinguishing lexical aspectual classes in the language. The paper then turns to a description of aspectual phenomena that have not been discussed in detail in the previous literature, namely change of state and egressive aspect (event termination). Finally, I argue against an aspectual treatment of two inflectional morphemes that were previously labeled as aspects. The paper contributes to our understanding of aspectual and temporal phenomena in an understudied language and provides a blueprint for the further study of other aspectual phenomena in Wá∙šiw.
{"title":"Some Aspects of Aspect in Wá∙šiw","authors":"M. Bochnak","doi":"10.1086/722242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/722242","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides a semantic description of some aspectual phenomena in Wá∙šiw, a language in which grammatical aspect is not obligatorily marked on verbs. It is shown that aspectually unmarked clauses can receive either perfective or imperfective interpretations, and I provide tests for distinguishing lexical aspectual classes in the language. The paper then turns to a description of aspectual phenomena that have not been discussed in detail in the previous literature, namely change of state and egressive aspect (event termination). Finally, I argue against an aspectual treatment of two inflectional morphemes that were previously labeled as aspects. The paper contributes to our understanding of aspectual and temporal phenomena in an understudied language and provides a blueprint for the further study of other aspectual phenomena in Wá∙šiw.","PeriodicalId":46577,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of American Linguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48482481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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