Health Promotion Perspectives最新文献

Background: African American (AA) women participate in low levels of physical activity (PA), under consume fruits and vegetables (FV), and experience poor psychological health. Increasing evidence suggests community gardening as an approach to positively affect health. The purpose of this study was to examine the feasibility of an 8-week culturally tailored community gardening intervention among middle-aged AA women.

Methods: Eleven AA women (45-64 years) participated in a single group pre-posttest feasibility study during the summer of 2023 in Champaign, Illinois. The intervention included a novel approach to cultural tailoring by embedding Black History Knowledge (BHK) within the context of community gardening. Feasibility was assessed through a postintervention survey. Device-assessed PA (Fitbit Charge 3), FV consumption (Veggie Meter®), self-report PA, food frequency questionnaire, and psychological health were assessed at baseline and postintervention. Wilcoxon signed rank tests examined changes in pre-post measures. Effect size estimates were calculated using r.

Results: Participants increased device-assessed daily step count (median 880 steps per day increase; r=0.53; P=0.028) and FV consumption (median 82-unit increase; r=0.51; P=0.016). There was a moderate effect on device-assessed light PA (r=0.45) and a small effect on device-assessed total PA (r=0.29), and perceived stress (r=-0.25). Sixty-seven percent (6/9) of women indicated that they would recommend this program to others.

Conclusion: A culturally tailored, community-gardening intervention may be a feasible approach to increase device-assessed PA and FV consumption and improve psychological health among AA women, but future studies should be adequately powered.

Background: Concussion is a prevalent form of traumatic brain injury worldwide with significant health consequences and far-reaching implications. Concussion protocols have been revised in recent years to protect athletes in increasing concussion reduction and timely treatment. Campaigns, news reports and mass media have also depicted coverage of concussions over the past decade especially in light of more athletes coming forward with long-term repercussions following repeated concussions.

Methods: Previously, published studies have examined content pertaining to concussions across different social media platforms. Notably, the last comprehensive review of prevalent content across YouTube on concussions was ten years ago in 2014. Given updates in concussion protocols and clinical practice guidelines, increased news coverage and the movie release of Concussion in 2015, this study sought to examine and describe the sources, format and content covered among the top 100 widely viewed videos on YouTube a decade later.

Results: Majority of the videos were posted by nongovernmental/organizational sources. Several testimonials by athletes on aftereffects of concussions were covered. Falls comprised the leading risk factor for concussions. Football, soccer, basketball and sailing represented the highest risk sports for concussions among the widely viewed videos. Many post-concussive symptoms were accounted for in the videos. Rest and activity limitations were featured as the leading treatments for concussions. Clinical, organizational, and health equity implications are presented.

Conclusion: Recommendations to inform directions for patient and family education and clinical care on concussions are proposed.

Background: Despite global vaccination efforts, many countries struggled to achieve sufficient COVID-19 vaccination coverage. The use of Ottawa Charter health promotion strategies in vaccination programs not only enhances coverage but also fosters sustainable public health outcomes. This systematic review aims to identify actionable strategies to improve vaccination efforts.

Methods: This systematic review involved a comprehensive literature search across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase, targeting studies published between January 2020 and August 2024. The search focused on government-led health promotion strategies for enhancing COVID-19 vaccination rates. Strategies were categorized five main areas of the Ottawa Charter for health promotion.

Results: A total of 22 health promotion strategies were identified globally, categorized into five key areas based on the Ottawa Charter for health promotion. Notable strategies included engaging community, addressing misinformation, expanding vaccination sites, and providing culturally tailored communication.

Conclusion: The findings underscore the significance of utilizing the Ottawa Charter framework to design inclusive and adaptable public health strategies that ensure equitable vaccination coverage globally.

The Alma Ata Declaration (1978) positioned primary healthcare (PHC) as central to universal health coverage (UHC). Post-independence Kazakhstan struggles with a fragmented healthcare system marked by high mortality, underfunding, and workforce shortages. Despite initiatives like "Kazakhstan 2050" and "Salamatty Kazakhstan," challenges persist: economic instability, unregulated private healthcare, high out-of-pocket costs, and rural disparities. While Kazakhstan achieved a 76% UHC index, advancing PHC quality, expanding health financing, and prioritizing rural access remain critical to achieving equitable UHC.

Background: The existing research on the relationship between dietary protein intake and hypertension has mainly centered on the general population, with limited information available for adults with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Therefore, this study was conducted to explore the association of total, plant, and animal protein intake with hypertension in adults with T2DM.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 1947 individuals with T2DM from Azar cohort study were included. Dietary data were collected through a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Hypertension was defined as blood pressure≥140/90 mm Hg, a self-reported diagnosis of hypertension confirmed by medical records, or the use of anti-hypertensive medications.

Results: The mean age of the participants was 54.90 (SD: 8.25) years, with a majority (61%) being female. Initially, a significant positive relationship was observed between total protein intake and the odds of hypertension in the crude model (odds ratio [OR]: 1.38, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04-1.83, P-trend: 0.055). However, after considering potential confounding factors, this association became non-significant (OR: 1.48, 95% CI: 0.94-2.33, P-trend: 0.224). Plant and animal protein intake did not show a significant association with hypertension, neither in the crude model nor in the fully-adjusted model. However, when participants were stratified by gender, a significant association was observed between total protein intake and hypertension only in men (OR: 2.52, 95% CI: 1.13-5.62, P-trend: 0.055).

Conclusion: We found no evidence of an association between protein intake and hypertension among individuals with T2DM. However, in stratified analysis, there was a significant positive association between total protein intake and hypertension only in men. Future research should investigate potential, particularly sex-specific, mechanisms that may link dietary protein intake to hypertension in diverse populations.

Background: Cervical cancer (CC) is a major health concern for women, yet stigma and embarrassment often prevent preventive care. Digital health education offers a private, accessible way to learn about CC prevention. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a digital educational intervention based on the I-Change model in promoting preventive behaviors among Iranian women.

Methods: A randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted with 210 women (18-49 years) from Ramsar, Iran. Participants were assigned to three groups: two intervention groups (mobile app and digital booklet) and a control group. The "Evaluation of Preventive Behaviors Against CC (PERCICA)" questionnaire assessed outcomes. The intervention included a pre-test, digital education, and follow-ups immediately and at 12 weeks post-intervention. Data were analyzed using t-tests, analysis of Variance (ANOVA), analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), and repeated measures ANOVA.

Results: The app group showed significant improvements in knowledge, perceived risk, self-efficacy, cognitive barriers, and social support (P<0.05). Preventive behaviors (e.g., condom use, Pap tests, genital exams) were highest in the app group (67.12%, 95% CI: [29.32±2.35]), followed by the booklet group (38.57%, 95% CI: [9.55±2.17]).

Conclusion: The app was more effective in sustaining behavioral changes and promoting CC prevention than the booklet, highlighting the value of tailored digital education for sensitive health topics.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov IRCT20181205041861N3. Registered V2.0 on 26 October 2021 with the IRCTID, V1.0. https://irct.behdasht.gov.ir/trial/57157.

Background: The lipidome, as a subset of metabolomics, can undergo significant variations due to several factors, including the aging process. Therefore, this study aims to summarize the relationship between aging and alterations in plasma phospholipids.

Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted in MEDLINE (PubMed), Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases up to September 2023. The PRISMA guidelines were adhered to throughout all stages of the review process. Cross-sectional and case-control studies that investigated the relationship between aging and phosphatidylcholine (PC), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), sphingomyelins (SM), ceramides, phosphatidylethanolamines (PE), and phosphatidylinositol (PI) were included.

Results: A total of 8486 studies were identified, of which 32 met the predefined inclusion criteria. The systematic review included data from 70,499 participants. The findings revealed that four studies reported a positive association between PCs and aging in both sexes, while one study reported an inverse relationship. Additionally, two studies found that PCs were positively associated with aging in men and negatively associated in women. Furthermore, four studies indicated a negative association between PC metabolites and the aging process. With regard to LPCs, two studies demonstrated a positive correlation, and two studies showed an inverse correlation with aging in both sexes. For SMs, five studies reported a positive association, whereas two studies identified an inverse association with aging trends. Similarly, five studies reported a positive correlation between PE levels and aging, while two studies showed a negative correlation.

Conclusion: Phospholipids play a critical role in the aging process, aging-related diseases, and the regulation of lifespan. A reduction in the levels of PCs and LPCs has been identified as a characteristic feature of aging.

Background: Previous research shows people with pre-existing disabilities face unique societal barriers to health services. The purpose of this review is to promote a better understanding of ways pre-existing disability affects access to cancer-related care through a critical commentary of the research literature.

Methods: Systematic search procedures were used to locate articles for inclusion in a narrative review of the research literature. A priori search terms were used to systematically search for eligible articles, using four online databases. These authors thematically analyzed trends in the research findings using a descriptive-interpretive paradigm.

Results: Thirteen articles were included in the final narrative review. Four themes were identified: (1) low screening rates, (2) barriers to cancer screening, (3) pre-existing disability moderates cancer incidence, treatment, and survival, and (4) recommendations for supporting improved HRQoL in cancer survivors with pre-existing disability.

Conclusion: Our findings illustrate a need for interdisciplinary research focused on ways pre-existing disability intersects with cancer-related healthcare.

Background: This study aimed to identify some risk factors associated with time to diabetes type II events using artificial intelligence (AI) survival models (SM) in a population cohort from East Azerbaijan, Iran.

Methods: Data from Azar-Cohort spanning from 2014 to 2020 was analyzed using the random forest (RF) variable selection method along with Cox regression to identify the most relevant risk factors associated with diabetes. We then developed prediction models using RF survival analysis. Lasso-variable selection and RF variable selection were used to select the most important variables. The concordance index (C-index) was used to evaluate the concordance of the prediction models.

Results: Our LASSO-Cox regression identified six factors to be significantly associated with diabetes: age, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), use of sleep medication, and hypertension stage 1 and stage 2. The model included all variables with a C-index of 76.3%. In contrast, the RF analysis identified 21 important variables predicting a higher probability of having diabetes. Of those, WC, MCHC, triglyceride, and age were the most important predictors of diabetes. The RF model converged after 500 trees with an out-of-bag (OOB) of 0.28 and a C-index of 79.5%.

Conclusion: RF machine learning algorithms and LASSO-Cox regression analyses consistently identified WC, hypertension, and MCHC as the main risk factors for developing diabetes. The RF approach demonstrated slightly better accuracy in predicting the likelihood of diabetes at different time points.