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Speeding up to allow time: launching the topical special issue concept in Space and Polity 加快速度,留出时间:推出《空间与政治》专题特刊概念
IF 2.4 Q2 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2021-09-02 DOI: 10.1080/13562576.2021.2034581
K. P. Kallio, Derek Ruez
Special issues are an important publication format, especially in social sciences where research is as much about presenting empirical results as it is about discussing the approaches, methodologies, theories, philosophies, ethics, epistemologies, and ontologies of the research. Offering an interdisciplinary platform for such collections, Space and Polity has always published special issues along with regular issues, totalling over 20 thematic guest edited issues since the establishment of the journal in 1997. Such special issues can provide a productive platform for bringing into dialogue a range of perspectives on a specific place—as in our recent special issue on Mostar, where a diverse set of work on the city is brought together to raise critical questions about how ‘ethnically divided cities’ are studied (Carabelli et al., 2019). They can also be a site where a new theoretical approach or longstanding conceptual debates are given space to develop across a broad range of empirical contexts—as in a past special issue on neo-liberalism and crisis (Featherstone et al., 2015). They can, as well, chart a relational and comparative course across important phenomena that raise pressing theoretical and political questions, as in recent special issues on youth politics in Asia (Lam-Knott & Cheng, 2020) or the pedagogies of peace and citizenship (Staeheli, 2017). Through special issues a journal can also encourage the development of new scholarly fields, such as political geographies of childhood and youth (Kallio & Häkli, 2013; Lam-Knott & Cheng, 2020; Philo & Smith, 2003). Many special issues are based on a conference session or a thematic seminar—a combination that offers opportunities for early career scholars to learn some of the key elements of academic work, in their roles as event organizers and guest editors, or as presenters and authors. Further, while submitting a paper for peer review is always a learning experience, the crucial role of expert and engaged guest editors in special issues can, when processes work well, allow for especially focused and constructive editorial feedback for authors. There are also reasons to think that special issue papers are more likely to be read and cited, and they can set out productive research agendas for others to build on. Thus, through special issues, journals contribute to international research training and mentoring, while taking forward scholarship in important ways. Because of these important contributions, we are excited to launch a new option for special issues that, we hope, can carry forward many of the potential benefits of the format, while also responding to some of the challenges it can pose. In doing so, we have sought to learn from what other journals are doing. Recent years have seen innovative use of virtual special issue concepts across fields. While there are variations across publishers and journals, these virtual special issues often curate already published papers addressing an urg
特刊是一种重要的出版形式,特别是在社会科学领域,研究不仅要展示实证结果,而且要讨论研究的方法、方法论、理论、哲学、伦理学、认识论和本体论。《空间与政治》自1997年创刊以来,一直在定期刊的基础上出版特刊,共出版专题特刊20余期。这样的特刊可以提供一个富有成效的平台,让人们就一个特定的地方进行一系列的观点对话——就像我们最近关于莫斯塔尔的特刊一样,在这里,一系列关于城市的工作被汇集在一起,提出了关于如何研究“种族分裂的城市”的关键问题(Carabelli等人,2019)。它们也可以成为一个新的理论方法或长期的概念辩论在广泛的经验背景下得到发展空间的地方——就像过去关于新自由主义和危机的特刊一样(Featherstone et al., 2015)。他们也可以在提出紧迫的理论和政治问题的重要现象之间绘制关系和比较过程,例如最近关于亚洲青年政治的特刊(Lam-Knott & Cheng, 2020)或和平与公民的教育学(Staeheli, 2017)。通过特刊,期刊还可以鼓励新的学术领域的发展,如儿童和青年的政治地理学(Kallio & Häkli, 2013;Lam-Knott & Cheng, 2020;Philo & Smith, 2003)。许多特刊以会议或专题研讨会为基础,这种结合为早期职业学者提供了学习学术工作的一些关键要素的机会,他们作为活动组织者和客座编辑,或作为演讲者和作者。此外,虽然提交论文供同行评议始终是一种学习经历,但专家和特刊客座编辑的关键作用可以在流程运作良好的情况下,为作者提供特别集中和建设性的编辑反馈。我们也有理由认为,特刊论文更有可能被阅读和引用,它们可以为其他人奠定富有成效的研究议程。因此,通过特刊,期刊为国际研究培训和指导做出了贡献,同时在重要方面推进了学术研究。由于这些重要的贡献,我们很高兴为特刊推出一个新的选项,我们希望它能发扬这种格式的许多潜在好处,同时也能应对它可能带来的一些挑战。在这样做的过程中,我们试图向其他期刊学习。近年来,虚拟特刊概念在各个领域得到了创新的应用。虽然不同的出版商和期刊有不同的做法,但这些虚拟特刊通常是整理已经发表的论文,解决一个紧迫的问题,并通过社交媒体推广,通常是有时间限制的免费访问,使它们随时可用。在我们自己的领域,政治地理已经推出了一种虚拟论坛形式,允许在线收集较短观点文章的对话集合,包括邀请的贡献和公开的回应,每篇文章也在定期发行中单独发表(Nagel, 2021)。在这两种情况下,这些格式都允许一个集合
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引用次数: 0
Revanchist ‘nature’ and 21st century genocide 复仇主义的“自然”和21世纪的种族灭绝
IF 2.4 Q2 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2021-09-02 DOI: 10.1080/13562576.2021.1991785
S. Rice, J. Tyner
ABSTRACT The natural world is responding to anthropogenic change through novel pathogens, antibiotic-resistant microbes, and pest infestations. This resurgence is part of a non-human reappropriation and transformation of human-altered environments. In this commentary, we argue that this ‘revanchism’ has prompted two new forms of genocide: the pre-emptive mass slaughter of non-human animals, and the annihilation of humans as expressed through COVID-19 and other pandemics; forms that will become exemplars for mass murder in the twenty-first century.
自然界正在通过新的病原体、抗生素耐药微生物和害虫侵扰来应对人为变化。这种复苏是对人类改变的环境进行非人类再占有和改造的一部分。在本评论中,我们认为这种“复仇主义”催生了两种新的种族灭绝形式:对非人类动物的先发制人的大规模屠杀,以及通过COVID-19和其他大流行病表达的对人类的灭绝;这些形式将成为21世纪大规模屠杀的典型。
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引用次数: 0
Street vending and co-production: key lessons during the COVID-19 pandemic 街头贩卖和联合制作:2019冠状病毒病大流行期间的主要经验教训
IF 2.4 Q2 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2021-09-02 DOI: 10.1080/13562576.2022.2045931
R. Recio, J. Gomez, Hanh Minh Thai, P. Nguyen
ABSTRACT The COVID-19 global pandemic has prompted governments to resort to or allow quasi-formal means to provide basic goods and services to communities that were forced into quarantine. We analyze how grassroots self-help strategies interact with the adaptation mechanisms of formal governance under crisis conditions. Drawing on empirical insights in Manila (Philippines) and Hanoi (Vietnam), we examine the practices that have enabled street vendors in the two metropolises to earn a living and to provide needed services to city residents. We explain how some lessons on co-production practices might inform post-pandemic recovery strategies and future policy-making processes in global South cities.
新冠肺炎全球大流行促使各国政府采取或允许准正式手段,向被迫隔离的社区提供基本商品和服务。我们分析了危机条件下基层自助策略如何与正式治理的适应机制相互作用。借鉴马尼拉(菲律宾)和河内(越南)的经验,我们研究了使这两个大都市的街头小贩能够谋生并为城市居民提供所需服务的做法。我们解释了合作生产实践的一些经验教训如何为全球南方城市的大流行后恢复战略和未来决策过程提供信息。
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引用次数: 5
Reconstructing Public Housing: Liverpool’s hidden history of collective alternatives 重建公共住房:利物浦集体选择的隐藏历史
IF 2.4 Q2 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2021-08-07 DOI: 10.1080/13562576.2021.1963223
H. Kallin
British cities have only ever come close to alleviating permanent housing crisis through the large-scale, often astonishingly ambitious involvement of the state. Even in Edinburgh (where I write th...
英国城市只有通过政府的大规模、往往是惊人的雄心勃勃的参与,才接近于缓解永久性住房危机。即使在爱丁堡(我写……
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引用次数: 1
Artificial Emotional Intelligence and the Intimate Politics of Robotic Sociality 人工情感智能和机器人社会的亲密政治
IF 2.4 Q2 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2021-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/13562576.2021.1985853
Casey R. Lynch
ABSTRACT This article examines Artificial Emotion Intelligence (AEI) and its application in social robots. It argues that AEI and social robotics intensify practices of data-capture and algorithmic governance by extending the spatial reach of digital surveillance deeper into intimate spaces and individual psyches, with the goal of manipulating human emotional and behavioural responses. The analysis demonstrates the need to more thoroughly engage the multiplicity of theoretical and applied approaches to building artificial intelligence, to question assumptions as to the kinds of intelligence being created, and to consider how a diversity of AI systems infiltrate and reshape the spaces of everyday life.
本文研究了人工情感智能(AEI)及其在社交机器人中的应用。它认为,通过将数字监控的空间范围扩展到私密空间和个人心理,以操纵人类的情感和行为反应为目标,AEI和社交机器人强化了数据捕获和算法治理的实践。分析表明,需要更彻底地利用构建人工智能的多种理论和应用方法,对正在创造的智能类型的假设提出质疑,并考虑各种人工智能系统如何渗透和重塑日常生活空间。
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引用次数: 0
AI and the capitalist space economy 人工智能和资本主义空间经济
IF 2.4 Q2 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2021-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/13562576.2021.1985852
Luis F. Alvarez León
ABSTRACT The rise of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has fuelled concerns ranging from ‘existential risk for humanity’, framed as evolutionary competition with machines, to predictions of the ‘end of work’ via widespread substitution of humans by robots. Yet these extreme scenarios tend to operate at the intractable scale of ‘humanity' and lack a geographically nuanced conceptual scaffolding. This article proposes such a scaffolding, starting with a conceptual dyad that is core to the geographical tradition: place and space. This perspective is intended to inform and situate debates about the role of AI in the construction and transformation of the capitalist space economy.
人工智能(AI)的兴起引发了各种担忧,从“人类存在的风险”,被认为是与机器的进化竞争,到机器人广泛取代人类的“工作终结”预测。然而,这些极端情景往往是在难以驾驭的“人性”尺度上运作的,缺乏地理上细微差别的概念框架。本文提出了这样一个框架,从地理传统的核心概念二元开始:地点和空间。这一观点旨在为关于人工智能在资本主义空间经济的建设和转型中的作用的辩论提供信息和定位。
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引用次数: 5
Futurological fodder: on communicating the relationship between artificial intelligence, robotics, and employment 未来学的素材:关于沟通人工智能、机器人和就业之间的关系
IF 2.4 Q2 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2021-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/13562576.2021.1985856
M. Samers
ABSTRACT This article examines the debate concerning the employment implications of the so-called ‘Fourth Industrial Revolution’ (FIR) or the increasing presence of artificial intelligence and robotics in workplaces. I analyze three ‘genres’ associated with this debate (academic studies including neo-classical and heterodox/post-human approaches, the ‘gray literature’, and popular media) and I argue that together they represent ‘futurological fodder’ or discourses and knowledges that ‘perform’ the FIR and its purported consequences. I contend further that these genres involve a complex mix of ethics and politics, and I conclude with a reflection on the political implications of the FIR debate.
本文探讨了关于所谓的“第四次工业革命”(FIR)或人工智能和机器人在工作场所日益增加的就业影响的争论。我分析了与这场辩论相关的三种“流派”(包括新古典和非正统/后人类方法在内的学术研究、“灰色文学”和大众媒体),我认为它们共同代表了“未来的素材”,或者是“执行”FIR及其预期后果的话语和知识。我进一步认为,这些类型涉及道德和政治的复杂混合,我最后对FIR辩论的政治含义进行了反思。
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引用次数: 1
Locating artificial intelligence: a research agenda 定位人工智能:一个研究议程
IF 2.4 Q2 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2021-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/13562576.2021.1985868
Margath A. Walker, Jamie Winders, E. Boamah
ABSTRACT Artificial Intelligence (AI) increasingly shapes our lives, yet a geographic approach to AI has not solidified. This article maps the genealogy of AI across the discipline of geography. Building on claims that AI produces and is bound up with different kinds of geographies, we examine key intersections between AI and human geography’s engagement with territories, borders, and the political geographies of war. In the process, we interrogate how and where these new technologies bump up against the larger onto-epistemological landscape of the complicated articulation of space and politics. The goal is to identify a research agenda for engaging AI geographically.
人工智能(AI)越来越多地影响着我们的生活,但人工智能的地理方法尚未固化。这篇文章描绘了人工智能在地理学科中的谱系。基于人工智能产生并与不同类型的地理联系在一起的说法,我们研究了人工智能与人文地理与领土、边界和战争政治地理的接触之间的关键交叉点。在这个过程中,我们询问这些新技术如何以及在哪里与空间和政治的复杂衔接的更大的本体-认识论景观发生碰撞。目标是确定一个在地理上参与人工智能的研究议程。
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引用次数: 3
Between ‘automated geography’ and ‘geographies of automation’: three parables for thinking dialectically 在“自动化地理学”与“自动化地理学”之间:辩证思考的三个寓言
IF 2.4 Q2 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2021-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/13562576.2021.1985855
K. Attoh, Declan Cullen, Katie J. Wells
ABSTRACT In this article, we identify what appear to be two separate approaches to questions of automation within the discipline of Geography. One approach, which we call ‘Automated Geography', examines how automation and technological change impact the discipline itself – everything from how we conduct research to how we relate to institutional power. The second approach, which we deem ‘Geographies of Automation', examines automation’s impact on the world that geographers study. We argue that defining Geography in an age of automation requires bringing these approaches together and embracing dialectical thinking. The article draws on three parables to flesh out this dialectical approach.
在本文中,我们确定了似乎是地理学科中自动化问题的两种不同方法。一种方法,我们称之为“自动化地理学”,研究自动化和技术变革如何影响学科本身——从我们如何进行研究到我们如何与制度权力联系起来。第二种方法,我们认为是“自动化地理”,考察了自动化对地理学家研究的世界的影响。我们认为,在自动化时代定义地理学需要将这些方法结合在一起,并采用辩证思维。本文用三个比喻来充实这种辩证的方法。
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引用次数: 2
Where is artificial intelligence? Geographies, ethics, and practices of AI 人工智能在哪里?人工智能的地理、伦理和实践
IF 2.4 Q2 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2021-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/13562576.2021.1985869
Margath A. Walker, Jamie Winders
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly influential in our daily lives, shaping the social structures, economies, and political systems in which we live. From autonomous vehicles to algorithmically powered legal decisions, AI-driven technologies have the potential to offer nearly $16 trillion to the global economy in the next 10 years. Advances in AI are likely to fundamentally alter a range of industries and economic activities, while also ushering in a period of rapid innovation across scales. Yet the development and application of AI often unfold with only limited input from those outside computational fields. Within geography, important scholarship on AI has started to emerge from digital geographies (e.g. Dodge, 2019) and geospatial science (e.g. Janowicz et al., 2020), as well as subfields including political geography (e.g. Amoore, 2019), social geography (e.g. Del Casino et al., 2020; Wigley & Rose, 2020), and environmental geography (e.g. Machen & Nost, 2021), but less attention has been given to AI’s potentialities and ramifications in relation to place, space, and other foundational concepts in human geography. In addition, the role of qualitative research within the larger onto-epistemological landscape of AI remains largely overlooked. The articles included in this special issue offer a broad, yet critical, conversation about the geographies, ethics, and practices of AI. Spanning themes from the future of work and workers to the intimacies of care, from borders and wargames to science fiction and economic modelling, they engage what Casey Lynch (this issue) describes as ‘AI’s evolving spatiality’. They do so by historicizing AI vis-à-vis previous technologies and paradigms in geography, by synthesizing across diverse AI literatures within and beyond academia, by offering in-depth case studies on particular applications of AI, and by theorizing AI itself alongside capitalism, science fiction, and other themes. Together, authors ask, given geography’s long history of analytical and operational insights with other technologies, including GIS (e.g. Barnes, 2008; O’Sullivan, 2006, 2008), what does growing interest in AI mean for geography?What can geographers contribute to these emerging technologies and fields, and how does a geographic perspective help us understand the application and implications of AI systems? In thinking through these questions, the contributions in this special issue critically interrogate foundational questions and topics in human geography through the lens of AI: the politics of AI in different spatial contexts or spheres, AI’s impacts on the
人工智能(AI)在我们的日常生活中越来越有影响力,塑造着我们生活的社会结构、经济和政治制度。从自动驾驶汽车到算法驱动的法律决策,人工智能驱动的技术有可能在未来10年为全球经济提供近16万亿美元的价值。人工智能的进步可能会从根本上改变一系列行业和经济活动,同时也会迎来一个跨规模的快速创新时期。然而,人工智能的发展和应用往往是在计算领域之外的有限投入下展开的。在地理学领域,关于人工智能的重要学术研究已经开始从数字地理学(例如Dodge, 2019)和地理空间科学(例如Janowicz等人,2020)以及包括政治地理学(例如Amoore, 2019)、社会地理学(例如Del Casino等人,2020;Wigley & Rose, 2020),以及环境地理学(例如Machen & Nost, 2021),但人们对人工智能在人文地理学中与地点、空间和其他基本概念相关的潜力和后果的关注较少。此外,定性研究在人工智能本体-认识论领域的作用在很大程度上仍被忽视。本期特刊中的文章提供了关于人工智能的地理、伦理和实践的广泛而关键的对话。从工作和工人的未来到护理的亲密关系,从边界和战争游戏到科幻小说和经济建模,他们参与了凯西林奇(本期)所描述的“人工智能不断发展的空间性”。他们通过将人工智能与-à-vis以前的地理技术和范式历史性地结合起来,通过综合学术界内外的各种人工智能文献,通过提供关于人工智能特定应用的深入案例研究,以及通过将人工智能本身与资本主义、科幻小说和其他主题理论化来实现这一目标。同时,作者提出,考虑到地理学与其他技术(包括GIS)的分析和操作见解的悠久历史(例如Barnes, 2008;O 'Sullivan, 2006, 2008),对人工智能日益增长的兴趣对地理学意味着什么?地理学家可以为这些新兴技术和领域做出什么贡献?地理视角如何帮助我们理解人工智能系统的应用和影响?在思考这些问题时,本期特刊的贡献通过人工智能的视角批判性地询问了人文地理学的基本问题和主题:人工智能在不同空间背景或领域中的政治,人工智能对人类社会的影响
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引用次数: 3
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SPACE AND POLITY
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