Adolescent Health Medicine and Therapeutics最新文献

This review aimed to synthesize the minimal existing literature on the impact of perceived stigma on self-disclosure patterns among children and youth with epilepsy (YWE). Initial literature searches were conducted in PsycInfo, Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed using search terms focused on epilepsy, pediatrics, disclosure, and/or stigma. Articles were included if they were original human research articles published in peer-reviewed journals that were accessible in English through Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Pratt Library and fit study aims. Thirteen articles, which primarily used qualitative self-report methodologies, fit the study's inclusion criteria. YWE report greater perceived stigma and lower illness disclosure compared to youth with other chronic health conditions. Across studies, perceived stigma was consistently identified as a barrier to YWE disclosing their epilepsy diagnosis. Consequences of perceived stigma included lower self-esteem, poorer perceived competency, lack of self-confidence, social withdrawal, and lower quality of life. YWE's reluctance to disclose epilepsy was associated with worry about differential treatment, negative impact on close relationships, negative impact on others' perceptions, and negative self-perceptions. While WHO and ILAE have identified stigma as contributing to higher disease burden in people with epilepsy and have highlighted the importance of prioritizing social policy focused on decreasing epilepsy-related stigma, progress has been incremental and much work remains. Future research is needed to understand socio-cultural factors perpetuating stigma among YWE in order to further develop, evaluate, and disseminate evidence-based clinical and education programming to combat epilepsy-related stigma.

This paper reviews the current understanding of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS), and whether any treatment strategies have been effective. ME/CFS is a condition of as yet unknown etiology that commonly follows an infective process. It includes a new onset of fatigue (of more than 3-6 month duration and not relieved by rest), post-exertional malaise, cognitive difficulties and unrefreshing sleep, and frequently orthostatic intolerance, somatic symptoms and pain. Long COVID has renewed interest in the condition and stimulated research with findings suggestive of a multisystem neuroimmune disease. There are no definitively effective treatments. Despite earlier recommendations regarding graded exercise therapy and cognitive behavior therapy, the current recommendations are managing symptoms, with lifestyle management and supportive care. This paper provides an outline of strategies that young people and their families have reported as helpful in managing a chronic illness that impacts their life socially, physically, emotionally, cognitively and educationally. As the illness frequently occurs at a time of rapid developmental changes, reducing these impacts is reported to be as important as managing the physical symptoms. Young people face a mean duration of 5 years illness (range 1-16 years) with a likely residual 20% having significant restrictions after 10 years. Their feedback has suggested that symptom management, self-management strategies, advocacy and educational liaison have been the most helpful. They value professionals who will listen and take them seriously, and after excluding alternative diagnoses, they explain the diagnosis, are supportive and assist in monitoring their progress. Remaining engaged in education was the best predictor of later functioning. This allowed for social connections, as well as potential independence and fulfilling some aspirations. The need to consider the impact of this chronic illness on all aspects of adolescent development, as part of management, is highlighted.

Background: In many situations, it can still be challenging to talk about sexual and reproductive health rights, and the little scientific research available indicates that university students have a poor understanding of these issues. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the knowledge of sexual and reproductive health rights among university students in southeast Ethiopia.

Methodology: From February to March 2022, 483 study participants took part in an institutionally based cross-sectional study. The study participants were chosen using a SRS method. EpiData version 4.6.2.0 was used to enter data, and SPSS version 26.0 was used to analyze it. A bivariate and multivariable binary logistic regression model was used to identify factors associated with SRHR knowledge. The odds ratio and a 95% confidence interval were used to calculate the significance level.

Results: The optimal level of knowledge on SRHR was discovered to be 52.1% [95% CI (47.32-55.08)] among university students in southeast Ethiopia. The multivariate binary logistic analysis indicated that being urban in the origin of residency [AOR=1.52, 95% CI (1.02-1.14)], being a health student [AOR= 12.21, 95% CI (7.27-14.88)], attending secondary school in private [AOR=6.12, 95% CI (1.02-1.14)], accessibility of a RH club on campus [AOR=6.12, 95% CI (1.02-1.14)] and participating in RH club [AOR=3.95, 95% CI (3.47-5.90)] to be variables that are strongly related to the optimal level of knowledge.

Conclusion and recommendation: Four out of ten students had poor knowledge of SRHR. The variables associated with a high level of knowledge about SRHR were urban residency, health students, attending a private secondary school, the availability of a RH club on campus, and participation in a RH club. Including sexual education in the non-health department's course, establishing RH clubs on campus, and encouraging participation of students in these clubs are recommended.

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination is an effective public health measure for the prevention of cancer of the cervix. We aimed to assess HPV vaccine coverage and associated factors in Gulu, Uganda.

Methods: In October 2021, we conducted a cross-sectional study among girls aged 9 to 13 years residing in Pece-Laroo Division, Gulu City, Uganda. HPV vaccine coverage was defined as receipt of at least a dose of the HPV vaccine.

Results: A total of 197 girls, with a mean age of 11±1.4 years, were enrolled. Most participants were of the Acholi tribe (89.3%, n=176), catholic (58.4%, n=115), and in primary 5 level of education (36%, n=71). Overall, 68(35%) participants had received the HPV vaccine. Factors associated with HPV vaccine utilization were, good knowledge of the HPV vaccine (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) =0.233, 95% confidence interval (95CI): 0.037-0.640, p=0.101), methods of HPV prevention (OR=0.320, 95CI: 0.112-0.914, p = 0.033), good knowledge of the importance of HPV vaccination (OR=0.458, 95% CI: 0.334-0.960, p=0.021), knowledge on frequency of HPV vaccination (OR=0.423, 95CI:0.173-0.733, p=0.059), and good mobilization (OR=0.443, 95% CI: 0.023-0.923, p=0.012).

Conclusion: In this community-based study, only one third of eligible girls received the HPV vaccine. Public health interventions are recommended exponentially to enhance the utilization of the HPV vaccine in this community.

Transgender adolescents seek gender-affirming medical care to address gender identity and incongruence. Improved understanding of the dermatologic impact of gender-affirming medical care such as pubertal suppression, hormone therapy, and surgeries can enhance patient outcome. Pubertal suppression treats dysphoria associated with development of secondary sex characteristics, including androgen-driven acne. Gender-affirming hormone therapy influences acne and hair development in transgender adolescents. Dermatologists can help manage skin effects associated with chest binding and gender-affirming hormone therapy and surgery. Provision of patient-centered gender-affirming care in dermatologic and multidisciplinary settings is essential to improve skin and overall outcomes of gender-affirming therapy.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.2147/AHMT.S219949.].

Purpose: Malnutrition status of adolescent girls remains a major public health problem in India. The present study assessed nutritional status, associated factors contributing to malnutrition and their access to health-care services in Dev Bhumi Dwarka district of Gujarat situated in western part of India.

Materials and methods: The study was carried out using descriptive cross-sectional design. A total of 1252 adolescent girls from all four blocks of Dev Bhumi Dwarka district were interviewed by field investigators. The data were collected on socio-demographic characteristics, physical activities, diet, and anthropometry. The WHO classification for body mass index (BMI) was used to assess underweight, overweight, and obesity among adolescent girls. Chi-square analyses were performed to identify significant determinants of under-nutrition.

Results: Mean age of the study population was 13.82±2.31. Of the total, around 34% of the adolescent girls were out-of-school. The prevalence of underweight (<-2SD) was 19.6%, 8.9% were overweight, and 2.6% were obese. The mean BMI was 19.77±2.42 kg/m², and height was 149.15 (2.23m²). In terms of knowledge, almost 79.6% were unaware of iron-deficiency anaemia, about 70% were not aware of haemoglobin test, and 44% did not know the benefit of using sanitary napkins. In addition, uptake of nutritional and health services was limited. The study found a statistically significant association of age (p = 0.00), the number of family members (p = 0.016), knowledge (p = 0.05), and use of toilet (0.041) with low-BMI.

Conclusion: Existing nutritional interventions need to focus on nutrition, health and hygiene education. It also reinforces a need for implementation research to understand barriers in uptake of health and nutrition services.

Cervicogenic dizziness (CGD) is a syndrome of neck pain accompanied by a false sensation of unsteadiness and dizziness due to neck pathology. An 11-year-old girl presented with neck pain and dizziness for four months. According to the patient's statement, her complaints were likely related to the prolonged smartphone use for texting. Sagittal radiograph showed cervical kyphosis, anterior wedging of several vertebrae, and mild anterolisthesis of C2 on C3 and C3 on C4. These findings might be present in as physiological variants in children. However, continuous static stress in the minor variants could aggravate biomechanical problems, such as cervicogenic dizziness. After ruling out other neurological or vestibular problems, a multicomponent approach consisted of thermal ultrasound therapy, cervical manipulation, and intermittent motorized cervicothoracic traction to release cervical complaints. Three months later, the patient reported a resolution of neck pain and dizziness. At 12-month follow-up, all radiographic metrics showed improvement, including restoration of cervical alignment and lordotic curvature. The immature growing cervical spine has unique anatomic, physiologic and biomechanical features. A static neck flexion can lead to typical injury patterns seen in this age group. This article aims to raise awareness of the potential harms of excessive smartphone use by children.