Research suggests that using IM is generally beneficial for maintaining personal relationships, yet well-being benefits are likely to be conditional on micro- and macro-level variables. This study investigates the link between IM use and relationship satisfaction across age groups using survey data collected from 19 countries (N = 20,358, age range 18–94, Mage = 41.0, SD = 14.6). The multilevel regression results revealed that (1) overall IM use with strong ties is positively related to individuals' satisfaction with their relationships across all countries and (2) this link is weaker among older people compared to younger ones. The hypothesized cross-level interactions were not statistically significant overall, yet comparing individual countries (e.g., Germany and Indonesia), which are on the opposite ends of the autonomy-embeddedness value dimension, suggests that the use of IM might indeed be more important for relationship satisfaction in more embeddedness-oriented cultures and relationship benefits may be more similar across age groups than in autonomy-oriented cultures. More large-scale cross-cultural studies and multilevel theories are needed to arrive at a more contextualized understanding of IM as a global communication phenomenon.
{"title":"Instant messaging and relationship satisfaction across different ages and cultures","authors":"C. Vauclair, M. Rudnev, J. Hofhuis, James H. Liu","doi":"10.5817/cp2023-3-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/cp2023-3-8","url":null,"abstract":"Research suggests that using IM is generally beneficial for maintaining personal relationships, yet well-being benefits are likely to be conditional on micro- and macro-level variables. This study investigates the link between IM use and relationship satisfaction across age groups using survey data collected from 19 countries (N = 20,358, age range 18–94, Mage = 41.0, SD = 14.6). The multilevel regression results revealed that (1) overall IM use with strong ties is positively related to individuals' satisfaction with their relationships across all countries and (2) this link is weaker among older people compared to younger ones. The hypothesized cross-level interactions were not statistically significant overall, yet comparing individual countries (e.g., Germany and Indonesia), which are on the opposite ends of the autonomy-embeddedness value dimension, suggests that the use of IM might indeed be more important for relationship satisfaction in more embeddedness-oriented cultures and relationship benefits may be more similar across age groups than in autonomy-oriented cultures. More large-scale cross-cultural studies and multilevel theories are needed to arrive at a more contextualized understanding of IM as a global communication phenomenon.","PeriodicalId":46651,"journal":{"name":"Cyberpsychology-Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83955360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study advances prior research on social comparison by testing the effects of social comparison direction, comparison distance, as well as message framing on perceived similarity, self-esteem, and health behavioral intention in the context of an online support group (OSG) for diet and weight loss. A 2 (comparison direction: up vs. down) by 2 (comparison distance: high vs. low) by 2 (framing: gain vs. loss) factorial experiment involving 275 adult participants was conducted online in the United States. Findings showed that participants perceived themselves to be more similar to the comparison target who was doing better than themselves than the target who was doing worse. The difference of perceived similarity between comparison directions was greater when comparison distance was low than high. However, upward comparison decreased self-esteem whereas downward comparison enhanced self-esteem. Perceived similarity and self-esteem both contributed to health efficacy, which led to health behavioral intention. Message framing did not show a significant impact on perceived similarity or self-esteem. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
{"title":"Effects of social comparison direction, comparison distance, and message framing on health behavioral intention in online support groups","authors":"Y. Malloch, Jingwen Zhang, Sijia Qian","doi":"10.5817/cp2023-3-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/cp2023-3-10","url":null,"abstract":"This study advances prior research on social comparison by testing the effects of social comparison direction, comparison distance, as well as message framing on perceived similarity, self-esteem, and health behavioral intention in the context of an online support group (OSG) for diet and weight loss. A 2 (comparison direction: up vs. down) by 2 (comparison distance: high vs. low) by 2 (framing: gain vs. loss) factorial experiment involving 275 adult participants was conducted online in the United States. Findings showed that participants perceived themselves to be more similar to the comparison target who was doing better than themselves than the target who was doing worse. The difference of perceived similarity between comparison directions was greater when comparison distance was low than high. However, upward comparison decreased self-esteem whereas downward comparison enhanced self-esteem. Perceived similarity and self-esteem both contributed to health efficacy, which led to health behavioral intention. Message framing did not show a significant impact on perceived similarity or self-esteem. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.","PeriodicalId":46651,"journal":{"name":"Cyberpsychology-Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86942628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lara N. Wolfers, S. Utz, Ruth Wendt, Jonas Honecker
Smartphones are omnipresent in the daily lives of parents and provide access to multiple resources in stressful situations. Thus, smartphones might be valuable coping tools. Previous research has mostly focused on the negative effects of parental phone use. In the present study, we investigated how mothers use smartphones for coping with stress and whether their phone use for coping is effective. We also explored factors on different levels (situation, person, device) which could influence phone use and coping effectiveness. Building on a one-week experience sampling study with over 200 mothers and multilevel models, we found that in stressful situations while being with children, mothers used their smartphones mostly for emotion-focused coping such as self-distraction and taking a break. Problem-focused coping was less prevalent. Mothers reporting increased cognitive phone salience used it more for coping with stress. Phone use for coping compared to no use related to lower stress decrease. No person-, situation-, or device-specific factors moderated the effects of phone use on coping effectiveness. Using positive phone content, however, was associated with increased perceived coping efficacy. Our results suggest that phone use is not generally successful for coping, but that momentary device-specific factors such as content characteristics might determine whether phones can be used for coping in an effective way.
{"title":"Conditionally helpful? The influence of person-, situation-, and device-specific factors on maternal smartphone use for stress coping and on coping effectiveness","authors":"Lara N. Wolfers, S. Utz, Ruth Wendt, Jonas Honecker","doi":"10.5817/cp2023-3-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/cp2023-3-1","url":null,"abstract":"Smartphones are omnipresent in the daily lives of parents and provide access to multiple resources in stressful situations. Thus, smartphones might be valuable coping tools. Previous research has mostly focused on the negative effects of parental phone use. In the present study, we investigated how mothers use smartphones for coping with stress and whether their phone use for coping is effective. We also explored factors on different levels (situation, person, device) which could influence phone use and coping effectiveness. Building on a one-week experience sampling study with over 200 mothers and multilevel models, we found that in stressful situations while being with children, mothers used their smartphones mostly for emotion-focused coping such as self-distraction and taking a break. Problem-focused coping was less prevalent. Mothers reporting increased cognitive phone salience used it more for coping with stress. Phone use for coping compared to no use related to lower stress decrease. No person-, situation-, or device-specific factors moderated the effects of phone use on coping effectiveness. Using positive phone content, however, was associated with increased perceived coping efficacy. Our results suggest that phone use is not generally successful for coping, but that momentary device-specific factors such as content characteristics might determine whether phones can be used for coping in an effective way.","PeriodicalId":46651,"journal":{"name":"Cyberpsychology-Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87023827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
While social media offer opportunities for young adults, including college students, to maintain relationships and seek social support, concerns have been raised about negative social interactions, such as cyber-victimization, and the role that cyber-victimization may play in exacerbating excessive or problematic phone use. The current study examined the association between peer cyber-victimization and addictive phone use, and the ways in which anxiety and depressive symptoms indirectly affect that relationship. To examine these relations, 540 undergraduate students from a Midwestern university in the United States (66% female, 82% White, 79% between 18 to 20-years-old) completed a computer-based survey that measured peer cyber-victimization, addictive phone use, depressive symptoms, and anxiety. The results showed a significant positive association between peer cyber-victimization and addictive phone use. Anxiety, but not depressive symptoms, had a significant indirect effect on the association between peer cyber-victimization and addictive phone use. The findings indicate that experiencing peer cyber-victimization may increase one’s likelihood to experience addictive phone use, potentially through experiencing anxiety. Longitudinal studies are needed to better understand directionality of the relations among these constructs.
{"title":"Peer cyber-victimization and addictive phone use: Indirect effects of depression and anxiety among college students","authors":"S. Fredrick, S. Domoff, Katie Avery","doi":"10.5817/cp2023-3-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/cp2023-3-6","url":null,"abstract":"While social media offer opportunities for young adults, including college students, to maintain relationships and seek social support, concerns have been raised about negative social interactions, such as cyber-victimization, and the role that cyber-victimization may play in exacerbating excessive or problematic phone use. The current study examined the association between peer cyber-victimization and addictive phone use, and the ways in which anxiety and depressive symptoms indirectly affect that relationship. To examine these relations, 540 undergraduate students from a Midwestern university in the United States (66% female, 82% White, 79% between 18 to 20-years-old) completed a computer-based survey that measured peer cyber-victimization, addictive phone use, depressive symptoms, and anxiety. The results showed a significant positive association between peer cyber-victimization and addictive phone use. Anxiety, but not depressive symptoms, had a significant indirect effect on the association between peer cyber-victimization and addictive phone use. The findings indicate that experiencing peer cyber-victimization may increase one’s likelihood to experience addictive phone use, potentially through experiencing anxiety. Longitudinal studies are needed to better understand directionality of the relations among these constructs.","PeriodicalId":46651,"journal":{"name":"Cyberpsychology-Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75191553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Francisco J. Rivero, I. Muela, J. F. Navas, I. Blanco, C. Martín-Pérez, José A. Rodas, María F. Jara-Rizzo, D. Brevers, J. Perales
Craving and emotion-driven impulsivity dimensions (positive and negative urgency) have been suggested as factors involved in the progression of different potentially problematic behaviors. However, their role in severity of video gaming-related problems remains unclear. This study aims to assess the differential capacity of negative and positive urgency to predict craving and the number of internet gaming disorder (IGD) symptoms endorsed (as a proxy to severity of video gaming problems) in majoritarily non-pathological video-gamers. Convenience sampling was used to recruit 232 Spanish and 222 Ecuadorian frequent video game players. Mixed-effects generalized linear (GMLE) and mediation modeling were used to test moderation and mediation hypotheses regarding the association between urgency, craving, and endorsement of IGD symptoms. Results show that (1) craving largely overlaps with endorsement of IGD symptoms; (2) craving for video games is linked to positive urgency, but not to negative urgency, which reinforces the idea that craving, at least in mostly non-pathological gamers, is a positively valenced expectancy state; (3) positive urgency exerts an indirect effect (mediated by craving) on the number of symptoms endorsed; (4) negative urgency exerts a direct effect on the number of symptoms endorsed; and (5) urgency traits do not interact with craving to predict the number of symptoms. These findings are consistent with the proposal that craving is an emotional state, and that dysregulation of positive affect (as measured by positive urgency) influences its emergence and control. In addition, they support the idea that craving is a central feature in the emergence of IGD symptoms.
{"title":"The role of negative and positive urgency in the relationship between craving and symptoms of problematic video game use","authors":"Francisco J. Rivero, I. Muela, J. F. Navas, I. Blanco, C. Martín-Pérez, José A. Rodas, María F. Jara-Rizzo, D. Brevers, J. Perales","doi":"10.5817/cp2023-3-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/cp2023-3-4","url":null,"abstract":"Craving and emotion-driven impulsivity dimensions (positive and negative urgency) have been suggested as factors involved in the progression of different potentially problematic behaviors. However, their role in severity of video gaming-related problems remains unclear. This study aims to assess the differential capacity of negative and positive urgency to predict craving and the number of internet gaming disorder (IGD) symptoms endorsed (as a proxy to severity of video gaming problems) in majoritarily non-pathological video-gamers. Convenience sampling was used to recruit 232 Spanish and 222 Ecuadorian frequent video game players. Mixed-effects generalized linear (GMLE) and mediation modeling were used to test moderation and mediation hypotheses regarding the association between urgency, craving, and endorsement of IGD symptoms. Results show that (1) craving largely overlaps with endorsement of IGD symptoms; (2) craving for video games is linked to positive urgency, but not to negative urgency, which reinforces the idea that craving, at least in mostly non-pathological gamers, is a positively valenced expectancy state; (3) positive urgency exerts an indirect effect (mediated by craving) on the number of symptoms endorsed; (4) negative urgency exerts a direct effect on the number of symptoms endorsed; and (5) urgency traits do not interact with craving to predict the number of symptoms. These findings are consistent with the proposal that craving is an emotional state, and that dysregulation of positive affect (as measured by positive urgency) influences its emergence and control. In addition, they support the idea that craving is a central feature in the emergence of IGD symptoms.","PeriodicalId":46651,"journal":{"name":"Cyberpsychology-Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77609232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christiane Arrivillaga, J. Elhai, Lourdes Rey, N. Extremera
Problematic smartphone use (PSU) has been widely studied, and recent research has examined the affective and cognitive process risk factors that underlie its development and maintenance. Based on the Interaction of Person–Affect–Cognition–Execution model for problematic internet use, the present study analyzed the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies in the link between depressive symptomatology and PSU severity in adolescents. The sample consisted of 2,197 adolescents aged 12 to 19 years from southern Spain, who completed self-report questionnaires of depressive symptoms (Depression Anxiety Stress Scale–21), cognitive emotion regulation strategies (Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies Questionnaire), and PSU severity (Smartphone Addiction Scale–Short Version). We used the SPSS PROCESS macro to conduct parallel mediation analyses. The results demonstrated significant indirect/mediation effects from depressive symptoms to PSU severity through cognitive emotion regulation strategies, including other-blame, catastrophizing, rumination (i.e., maladaptive), and refocus on planning (i.e., adaptive). The implications of this study include that specific teaching about these strategies may help reduce PSU severity in adolescents.
{"title":"Depressive symptomatology is associated with problematic smartphone use severity in adolescents: The mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies","authors":"Christiane Arrivillaga, J. Elhai, Lourdes Rey, N. Extremera","doi":"10.5817/cp2023-3-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/cp2023-3-2","url":null,"abstract":"Problematic smartphone use (PSU) has been widely studied, and recent research has examined the affective and cognitive process risk factors that underlie its development and maintenance. Based on the Interaction of Person–Affect–Cognition–Execution model for problematic internet use, the present study analyzed the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies in the link between depressive symptomatology and PSU severity in adolescents. The sample consisted of 2,197 adolescents aged 12 to 19 years from southern Spain, who completed self-report questionnaires of depressive symptoms (Depression Anxiety Stress Scale–21), cognitive emotion regulation strategies (Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies Questionnaire), and PSU severity (Smartphone Addiction Scale–Short Version). We used the SPSS PROCESS macro to conduct parallel mediation analyses. The results demonstrated significant indirect/mediation effects from depressive symptoms to PSU severity through cognitive emotion regulation strategies, including other-blame, catastrophizing, rumination (i.e., maladaptive), and refocus on planning (i.e., adaptive). The implications of this study include that specific teaching about these strategies may help reduce PSU severity in adolescents.","PeriodicalId":46651,"journal":{"name":"Cyberpsychology-Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82371059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Mumford, Poulami Maitra, J. Sheridan, E. Rothman, Erica J. Olsen, Elaine Roberts
Awareness of the growing potential for technology-facilitated abuse (TFA) raises questions about the prevalence of the problem overall and in various forms. The current study fielded a newly developed comprehensive measure of 27 different forms of TFA in a nationally representative sample of US adults ages 18–35. Item response theory analytic techniques were applied to identify items that captured the range of young adult experiences, resulting in a 17-item version of the Cyber-Abuse Research Initiative (CARI) scale. Latent class analyses were applied to identify person-centered profiles of TFA victimization. Seven out of ten respondents reported TFA victimization of some or multiple forms, which LCA results indicated could be characterized as five different TFA profiles. The probability of membership in TFA victimization profiles, compared to those respondents reporting low exposure to no TFA, was greater for women, LGBQA+ young adults, and for individuals who consider themselves to have a public following. In addition to providing the flexible, comprehensive CARI scale for ongoing research, the current results may be applied towards both TFA prevention and disruption efforts.
{"title":"Technology-facilitated abuse of young adults in the United States: A latent class analysis","authors":"E. Mumford, Poulami Maitra, J. Sheridan, E. Rothman, Erica J. Olsen, Elaine Roberts","doi":"10.5817/cp2023-3-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/cp2023-3-7","url":null,"abstract":"Awareness of the growing potential for technology-facilitated abuse (TFA) raises questions about the prevalence of the problem overall and in various forms. The current study fielded a newly developed comprehensive measure of 27 different forms of TFA in a nationally representative sample of US adults ages 18–35. Item response theory analytic techniques were applied to identify items that captured the range of young adult experiences, resulting in a 17-item version of the Cyber-Abuse Research Initiative (CARI) scale. Latent class analyses were applied to identify person-centered profiles of TFA victimization. Seven out of ten respondents reported TFA victimization of some or multiple forms, which LCA results indicated could be characterized as five different TFA profiles. The probability of membership in TFA victimization profiles, compared to those respondents reporting low exposure to no TFA, was greater for women, LGBQA+ young adults, and for individuals who consider themselves to have a public following. In addition to providing the flexible, comprehensive CARI scale for ongoing research, the current results may be applied towards both TFA prevention and disruption efforts.","PeriodicalId":46651,"journal":{"name":"Cyberpsychology-Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84565944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Conversational AI, like Amazon’s Alexa, are often marketed as tools assisting owners, but humans anthropomorphize computers, suggesting that they bond with their devices beyond an owner-tool relationship. Little empirical research has studied human-AI relationships besides relational proxies such as trust. We explored the relationships people form with conversational AI based on the Relational Models Theory (RMT, Fiske, 1992). Results of the factor analyses among frequent users (Ntotal = 729) suggest that they perceive the relationship more as a master-assistant relationship (i.e., authority ranking) and an exchange relationship (i.e., market pricing) than as a companion-like relationship (i.e., peer bonding). The correlational analysis showed that authority ranking barely correlates with system perception or user characteristics, whereas market pricing and peer bonding do. The relationship perception proved to be independent of demographic factors and label of the digital device. Our research enriches the traditional dichotomous approach. The extent to which users see their conversational AI as exchange partners or peer-like has a stronger predictive value regarding human-like system perception of conversational AI than the perception of it as servants.
{"title":"Servant by default? How humans perceive their relationship with conversational AI","authors":"Marisa Tschopp, Miriam Gieselmann, K. Sassenberg","doi":"10.5817/cp2023-3-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/cp2023-3-9","url":null,"abstract":"Conversational AI, like Amazon’s Alexa, are often marketed as tools assisting owners, but humans anthropomorphize computers, suggesting that they bond with their devices beyond an owner-tool relationship. Little empirical research has studied human-AI relationships besides relational proxies such as trust. We explored the relationships people form with conversational AI based on the Relational Models Theory (RMT, Fiske, 1992). Results of the factor analyses among frequent users (Ntotal = 729) suggest that they perceive the relationship more as a master-assistant relationship (i.e., authority ranking) and an exchange relationship (i.e., market pricing) than as a companion-like relationship (i.e., peer bonding). The correlational analysis showed that authority ranking barely correlates with system perception or user characteristics, whereas market pricing and peer bonding do. The relationship perception proved to be independent of demographic factors and label of the digital device. Our research enriches the traditional dichotomous approach. The extent to which users see their conversational AI as exchange partners or peer-like has a stronger predictive value regarding human-like system perception of conversational AI than the perception of it as servants.","PeriodicalId":46651,"journal":{"name":"Cyberpsychology-Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76212342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Celebrities regularly become victims of online body- and slut-shaming. This study refers to these practices as appearance-shaming and investigates potential explanations for adolescents’ intentions to participate in this behavior by means of an extended version of the theory of planned behavior (TPB). Apart from the three paths of attitudes toward the practice, subjective norms about the practice, and perceived behavioral control to participate in it, we added sexism as a potential variable to explain celebrity appearance-shaming. Through this addition, we were better able to capture the role of cultural background variables, something that was not included in the traditional elements of the TPB but appeared to be important for explaining normative behaviors. Based on a survey study of 248 adolescents (N = 248), we concluded that the TPB is a good theoretical framework for explaining intentions toward celebrity appearance-shaming. More specifically, having more accepting attitudes toward celebrity bashing, more supportive descriptive norms about celebrity bashing, and higher perceived behavioral control were associated with higher intentions. Moreover, sexism had a strong positive relationship with the intention to celebrity appearance-shaming. Participating in celebrity appearance-shaming might, in that way, be an indicator of strong traditional sexist beliefs and might contribute to keeping them alive among adolescents.
{"title":"Celebrity appearance-shaming: Innocent bashing forms or reconfirming gender norms? A study into the explanations of adolescents’ celebrity appearance-shaming intentions","authors":"Gaëlle Ouvrein","doi":"10.5817/cp2023-2-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/cp2023-2-3","url":null,"abstract":"Celebrities regularly become victims of online body- and slut-shaming. This study refers to these practices as appearance-shaming and investigates potential explanations for adolescents’ intentions to participate in this behavior by means of an extended version of the theory of planned behavior (TPB). Apart from the three paths of attitudes toward the practice, subjective norms about the practice, and perceived behavioral control to participate in it, we added sexism as a potential variable to explain celebrity appearance-shaming. Through this addition, we were better able to capture the role of cultural background variables, something that was not included in the traditional elements of the TPB but appeared to be important for explaining normative behaviors. Based on a survey study of 248 adolescents (N = 248), we concluded that the TPB is a good theoretical framework for explaining intentions toward celebrity appearance-shaming. More specifically, having more accepting attitudes toward celebrity bashing, more supportive descriptive norms about celebrity bashing, and higher perceived behavioral control were associated with higher intentions. Moreover, sexism had a strong positive relationship with the intention to celebrity appearance-shaming. Participating in celebrity appearance-shaming might, in that way, be an indicator of strong traditional sexist beliefs and might contribute to keeping them alive among adolescents.","PeriodicalId":46651,"journal":{"name":"Cyberpsychology-Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83018121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, videoconferencing was rapidly adopted. However, individuals frequently decide to keep their cameras off during videoconferences. Currently, the reasons for this are not well modeled, and neither are the social effects this decision has. The present research addresses the question whether camera use can be conceptualized as prosocial behavior. To this end, two preregistered studies (total N = 437) examined how the decision to turn on one’s camera is influenced by established situational determinants (group size, social influence, and social tie strength) and dispositional predictors of prosocial behavior (individual communion, agency, and social value orientation), whether individuals prefer meetings in which others turn on their cameras, and whether camera use impacts social perception (communion and agency) by others. As predicted, people were shown to overall prefer meetings in which others turn on their cameras in Study 1 (a factorial survey). Furthermore, situational determinants of prosocial behavior were demonstrated to influence camera use in the hypothesized directions, while findings regarding dispositional predictors of prosocial behavior were mixed. Study 2 conceptually replicated the effect of social influence on camera use in a correlational survey. As predicted, it was also demonstrated that individuals who have their camera on are perceived as higher in agency, but, in contrast to predictions, not higher in communion. Together, the findings indicate that camera use is prosocial in that it benefits others, but that it is not primarily driven by prosocial intent or commonly interpreted as a prosocial act.
{"title":"Drivers and social effects of the decision to turn on one’s camera during videoconferencing in groups","authors":"C. Anderl","doi":"10.5817/cp2023-2-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/cp2023-2-8","url":null,"abstract":"With the emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, videoconferencing was rapidly adopted. However, individuals frequently decide to keep their cameras off during videoconferences. Currently, the reasons for this are not well modeled, and neither are the social effects this decision has. The present research addresses the question whether camera use can be conceptualized as prosocial behavior. To this end, two preregistered studies (total N = 437) examined how the decision to turn on one’s camera is influenced by established situational determinants (group size, social influence, and social tie strength) and dispositional predictors of prosocial behavior (individual communion, agency, and social value orientation), whether individuals prefer meetings in which others turn on their cameras, and whether camera use impacts social perception (communion and agency) by others. As predicted, people were shown to overall prefer meetings in which others turn on their cameras in Study 1 (a factorial survey). Furthermore, situational determinants of prosocial behavior were demonstrated to influence camera use in the hypothesized directions, while findings regarding dispositional predictors of prosocial behavior were mixed. Study 2 conceptually replicated the effect of social influence on camera use in a correlational survey. As predicted, it was also demonstrated that individuals who have their camera on are perceived as higher in agency, but, in contrast to predictions, not higher in communion. Together, the findings indicate that camera use is prosocial in that it benefits others, but that it is not primarily driven by prosocial intent or commonly interpreted as a prosocial act.","PeriodicalId":46651,"journal":{"name":"Cyberpsychology-Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90763767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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