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Book Review: Empowering Teachers and Democratising Schooling: Perspectives from Australia 书评:《教师赋权与教育民主化:来自澳大利亚的视角》
IF 1.3 4区 教育学 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/00049441231199553
Alison Bedford
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引用次数: 0
Invisible women: Gender representation in high school science courses across Australia 隐形女性:澳大利亚高中科学课程中的性别代表性
IF 1.3 4区 教育学 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-08-28 DOI: 10.1177/00049441231197245
K. Ross, Shanika Galaudage, Tegan Clark, N. Lowson, Andrew Battisti, Helen Adam, A. Ross, Nici Sweaney
The visibility of female role models in science is vital for engaging and retaining women in scientific fields. In this study, we analyse four senior secondary science courses delivered across the states and territories in Australia: Biology, Chemistry, Environmental Science, and Physics. We compared male and female representation within the science courses by examining the mentions of male and female scientists along with the context of their inclusions in the syllabuses. We find a clear gender bias with only one unique mention of a female scientist. We also find a clear Eurocentric focus and narrow representation of scientists. This bias will contribute to the continuing low engagement of women in scientific fields. We outline possible solutions to address this issue, including the accreditation of scientific discoveries to include female scientists and explicit discussion of structural barriers preventing the participation and progression of women in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM)..
女性榜样在科学领域的知名度对于让女性参与和留在科学领域至关重要。在这项研究中,我们分析了澳大利亚各州和地区的四门高中科学课程:生物、化学、环境科学和物理。我们通过检查在教学大纲中提到的男性和女性科学家以及他们的背景,比较了科学课程中男性和女性的代表性。我们发现一个明显的性别偏见,只有一个独特的提到女性科学家。我们还发现了一个明确的以欧洲为中心的焦点和科学家的狭隘代表性。这种偏见将导致女性在科学领域的参与度持续较低。我们概述了解决这一问题的可能解决方案,包括对包括女性科学家在内的科学发现进行认证,并明确讨论阻碍女性参与科学、技术、工程和数学(STEM)领域的结构性障碍。
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引用次数: 0
Relations between early childhood educators’ qualifications and experience and their beliefs about mathematics education for babies and toddlers 幼儿教育者的素质和经验与幼儿数学教育信念的关系
IF 1.3 4区 教育学 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-08-11 DOI: 10.1177/00049441231193776
A. MacDonald, James Deehan, P. Lee
Cognition research has demonstrated that babies, from birth, can detect numerical correspondences and abstract properties of objects and events. However, this limited existing research is often distant from educational practice, and thus, this information may be inaccessible to early childhood educators; most of whom hold pre-Bachelor level qualifications. This quantitative study reports on a survey of 466 Australian early childhood educators to examine what relationships may exist between educators’ qualifications and experience in the profession, and their beliefs about mathematics education for babies and toddlers. Findings show that although most educators have strong, positive beliefs about mathematics education for very young children, there are significant differences in beliefs about when mathematical ideas develop in children found between educators without Bachelor level qualifications and those with Bachelor and post-graduate qualifications. Our findings lend support to Australia’s sustained quality improvement agenda for the early childhood educator sector and point to the benefits of Bachelor level teaching qualifications for establishing strong foundations in mathematics education.
认知研究表明,婴儿从出生起就可以检测物体和事件的数字对应关系和抽象特性。然而,这种有限的现有研究往往与教育实践相距甚远,因此,幼儿教育工作者可能无法获得这些信息;他们中的大多数人都拥有学士学位前的资格。这项定量研究报告了对466名澳大利亚幼儿教育工作者的调查,以考察教育工作者的专业资格和经验与他们对婴幼儿数学教育的信念之间可能存在什么关系。研究结果表明,尽管大多数教育工作者对幼儿的数学教育有着强烈、积极的信念,但在没有学士学位学历的教育工作者与具有学士学位和研究生学历的教育者之间,对儿童数学思想何时发展的信念存在显著差异。我们的研究结果支持了澳大利亚幼儿教育部门的持续质量改进议程,并指出了学士学位教学资格对在数学教育中奠定坚实基础的好处。
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引用次数: 0
University Students' Motivation and Engagement During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Roles of Lockdown, Isolation, and Remote and Hybrid Learning. COVID-19大流行期间大学生的动机和参与:封锁、隔离、远程和混合学习的作用
IF 1.3 4区 教育学 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-08-01 Epub Date: 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1177/00049441231179791
Andrew J Martin

This investigation comprised two studies that sought to identify the role of COVID-related disruptions in Australian university students' academic motivation and engagement. Study 1 involved a dataset of 500 university students and examined the links between COVID-19 pandemic disruptions (remote and hybrid learning modes, lockdown, isolation) and students' adaptive (e.g., planning and monitoring) and maladaptive (e.g., disengagement) dimensions of the Motivation and Engagement Scale (MES). Study 2 compared the mean motivation and engagement of Study 1 participants with mean levels from four published pre-COVID-19 Australian studies (N = 55, N = 233, N = 420, N = 941 university students) that also used the MES. Study 1 showed that lockdown and isolation (and not remote/hybrid learning) were associated with problematic motivation and engagement-with lockdown and isolation effects particularly noteworthy for maladaptive motivation and engagement. Study 2 showed that relative to the four pre-COVID-19 samples, the COVID-19 pandemic sample experienced difficulties with motivation and engagement, and again particularly so on maladaptive dimensions.

这项调查包括两项研究,旨在确定与冠状病毒相关的干扰在澳大利亚大学生的学术动机和参与中的作用。研究1涉及500名大学生的数据集,并检查了COVID-19大流行中断(远程和混合学习模式、封锁、隔离)与学生的适应(例如规划和监测)和适应不良(例如脱离)之间的联系动机和参与量表(MES)的维度。研究2将研究1参与者的平均动机和参与度与同样使用MES的四项已发表的澳大利亚新冠肺炎前研究(N = 55, N = 233, N = 420, N = 941名大学生)的平均水平进行了比较。研究1表明,封闭和孤立(而不是远程/混合学习)与动机和参与问题有关——对于不适应的动机和参与,封闭和孤立的影响尤其值得注意。研究2表明,与COVID-19前的四个样本相比,COVID-19大流行样本在动机和参与方面遇到了困难,尤其是在适应不良方面。
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引用次数: 0
Worry About COVID-19 and Other Extreme Events Amongst Educators in Australia. 澳大利亚教育工作者对新冠肺炎和其他极端事件的担忧
IF 1.3 4区 教育学 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-08-01 Epub Date: 2023-04-26 DOI: 10.1177/00049441231168447
Tamara Van Der Zant, Katherine L Dix

The significant disruption of COVID-19 on schooling has heightened concerns about its impact on educators' wellbeing. The current study examined how educators' worry regarding the COVID-19 pandemic compared to their worry about other extreme events, such as natural disasters and critical incidents (a death or suicide of a child, young person, or colleague). Educators report that they were most worried about COVID-19. Educators working in preschools were more worried about COVID-19 and natural disasters than those in primary and secondary schools. However, worry regarding critical incidents increased with the age of students taught. Worry was influenced by socio-economic advantage (SEIFA), whereby educators working in higher SEIFA communities were less worried about natural disasters and critical incidents but shared similar levels of worry about COVID-19 as educators in lower SEIFA communities. With a better understanding about how different types of worry and levels of worry vary across different educator groups and different contexts, more effective supports can be developed and offered.

新冠肺炎对学校教育的重大破坏加剧了人们对其对教育工作者福祉影响的担忧。当前的研究考察了教育工作者对新冠肺炎大流行的担忧与他们对其他极端事件的担忧,如自然灾害和重大事件(儿童、年轻人或同事死亡或自杀)的担忧。教育工作者报告说,他们最担心的是新冠肺炎。学龄前教育工作者比中小学教育工作者更担心新冠肺炎和自然灾害。然而,随着学生年龄的增长,对重大事件的担忧也在增加。担忧受到社会经济优势(SEIFA)的影响,即在较高的SEIFA社区工作的教育工作者对自然灾害和重大事件的担忧较少,但对新冠肺炎的担忧程度与在较低SEIFA社区的教育工作者相似。通过更好地了解不同教育群体和不同背景下不同类型的担忧和担忧程度的差异,可以开发和提供更有效的支持。
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引用次数: 0
Teachers' Experiences of Emergency Remote Schooling During the Pandemic: Drivers for Student and Teacher Wellbeing. 大流行期间教师的应急远程教育经验:学生和教师幸福感的驱动因素
IF 1.3 4区 教育学 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-08-01 Epub Date: 2023-04-18 DOI: 10.1177/00049441231159666
Paul F Burke, Sandy Schuck, Matthew Kearney

This article discusses findings from a recent survey (n = 297) of teachers' views of both their own and their students' experiences during the 2021 enforced emergency remote schooling period occurring in New South Wales Australia, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The quantitative analysis reported here explores teachers' views regarding teaching and learning during this challenging period. It identifies three latent constructs, learning, assessment, and interaction, and then uses structural equation modelling to identify the perceived impact of these constructs on student and teacher wellbeing. The remote schooling period had a significant negative impact for teachers and their students across a range of elements of teaching and learning, as well as wellbeing. Student learning experiences and their peer interactions were found to be strong predictors of students' wellbeing outcomes. Assessment design and teachers' feedback to students were significant in predicting levels of teacher wellbeing. Future research directions are also provided.

本文讨论了最近一项调查(n=297)的结果,该调查针对的是,由于新冠肺炎大流行,澳大利亚新南威尔士州2021年实施紧急远程教育期间教师对自己和学生经历的看法。本文的定量分析探讨了教师在这一充满挑战的时期对教学的看法。它确定了三个潜在的结构,即学习、评估和互动,然后使用结构方程模型来确定这些结构对学生和教师幸福感的感知影响。远程教育对教师及其学生的一系列教学要素以及幸福感产生了重大负面影响。研究发现,学生的学习经历和同伴互动是学生幸福感结果的有力预测因素。评估设计和教师对学生的反馈在预测教师幸福感水平方面具有重要意义。还提供了未来的研究方向。
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引用次数: 0
Anticipating Controversy: What’s the Problem Represented to Be in Australian Policies for the Selection of Learning Resources? 预见争议:澳大利亚学习资源选择政策中所代表的问题是什么?
IF 1.3 4区 教育学 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-06-12 DOI: 10.1177/00049441231182452
R. Cairns
Teachers’ decision-making about resource selection is made more complex when resources are appraised for their potential to raise controversial issues or cause offence to others within school communities. Debates around the use of trigger warnings, freedom of speech and the impact of exclusionary practices further complicate these processes. In this article, Bacchi’s (Bacchi, 2012; Bacchi & Goodwin, 2016) What’s the problem represented to be? (WPR) approach is applied to the critical policy analysis of five Australian policy texts that deal with resource selection and controversial issues in schools. By comparing the ways these policies represent certain kinds of ‘problems’, it highlights the tendency of government departments to problematise this as a process that must be managed for the purpose of mitigating contestation. An examination of dominant and alternative policy constructions also prompts reflection on the discursive effects of policy and why resource selection should be re-problematised as a pedagogical opportunity and inclusionary practice.
当评估资源是否有可能引发有争议的问题或在学校社区内冒犯他人时,教师对资源选择的决策变得更加复杂。围绕触发警告的使用、言论自由和排斥性做法的影响的辩论使这些进程进一步复杂化。在这篇文章中,Bacchi (Bacchi, 2012;Bacchi & Goodwin, 2016)这个问题代表了什么?(WPR)方法应用于五个澳大利亚政策文本的关键政策分析,这些文本涉及学校的资源选择和有争议的问题。通过比较这些政策代表某些“问题”的方式,它突出了政府部门将这一过程问题化的趋势,这是为了减轻争议而必须管理的过程。对主导和替代政策结构的考察也促使人们反思政策的话语效应,以及为什么资源选择应该作为一种教学机会和包容性实践而重新提出问题。
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引用次数: 0
Creative Self-Beliefs Among Children and Adolescents 儿童和青少年的创造性自我信念
IF 1.3 4区 教育学 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-05-21 DOI: 10.1177/00049441231177097
Paul Ginns, Andrew J. Martin, Kelly Freebody, Michael Anderson, Peter O’Connor
Young people’s confidence in their creative abilities, as well as their beliefs about whether these abilities are fixed or malleable, play potentially important roles in educators’ efforts to foster creativity. This study explores a multidimensional model of young people’s creative self-beliefs that comprises creative self-efficacy, growth-creative mindsets, and fixed-creative mindsets. It operationalizes and tests this model via a new three-factor instrument appropriate for young samples. Drawing on data from 2980 children and adolescents (mean age 12–13 years), confirmatory factor analysis established the construct validity of the scales, and hence, the multidimensional concepts underpinning creative self-beliefs. All measures evinced suitable levels of reliability, and invariance analysis supported configural, metric, and scalar invariance across gender, language background, and school type. Findings supported the convergent and divergent validity of scales against Big Five (openness and conscientiousness) personality measures. Implications of this three-factor creative self-beliefs model for researchers, educational practitioners, and youth are discussed.
年轻人对自己创造能力的信心,以及他们对这些能力是固定的还是可塑的信念,在教育者培养创造力的努力中发挥着潜在的重要作用。本研究探讨了年轻人创造性自我信念的多维模型,包括创造性自我效能、成长-创造性思维和固定-创造性思维。它通过一个新的适合年轻样本的三因素仪器来操作和测试这个模型。利用2980名儿童和青少年(平均年龄12-13岁)的数据,验证性因子分析确定了量表的构效度,从而确定了支撑创造性自我信念的多维概念。所有的测量都证明了合适的可靠性水平,并且不变性分析支持跨性别、语言背景和学校类型的配置、度量和标量不变性。研究结果支持量表对大五人格(开放性和严谨性)测量的收敛效度和发散效度。本文讨论了三因素创造性自我信念模型对研究人员、教育从业者和青少年的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Applying the Rasch Growth Model for the Evaluation of Achievement Trajectories 应用Rasch成长模型评价成就轨迹
IF 1.3 4区 教育学 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-04-21 DOI: 10.1177/00049441231165300
Leigh Cameron Patterson
Considerable interest lies in the growth in educational achievement that occurs over the course of a child’s schooling. This paper demonstrates a simple but effective approach for the comparison of growth rates, drawing on a method first proposed some 80 years ago and applying it to data from the Australian National Assessment Program. The methodology involves the derivation of a ‘meta-metre’ – a quantitative mode of variation in growth – which permits comparison between groups defined by time-invariant characteristics. Emphasis is placed upon the novel characteristics of the method and the valuable information it can provide. Unlike complex modelling procedures, the approach provides a parsimonious model of growth suited to comparisons between groups.
相当大的兴趣在于孩子在学校教育过程中教育成就的增长。本文展示了一种简单而有效的增长率比较方法,它借鉴了大约80年前首次提出的一种方法,并将其应用于澳大利亚国家评估计划的数据。该方法涉及“元计量”的推导——一种增长变化的定量模式——它允许在由时不变特征定义的群体之间进行比较。重点放在该方法的新颖特征和它所能提供的有价值的信息上。与复杂的建模程序不同,该方法提供了一个适合于组间比较的简洁的增长模型。
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引用次数: 0
Teaching the Arts in testing times: A Western Australian perspective on COVID impacts. 测试时代的艺术教学:西澳大利亚州对新冠肺炎影响的看法
IF 1.3 4区 教育学 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-04-01 Epub Date: 2022-12-06 DOI: 10.1177/00049441221137074
Lisa F Paris, Geoffrey M Lowe, Christina Gray, Angela Perry, Lara Warwick

Expert secondary Arts teachers are highly trained specialists well versed in face-to-face individual and group teaching pedagogies. Given the highly personalised nature of Arts teaching practice, the shift to online teaching resulting from COVID-19 lockdowns presented many with challenges for which they had little or no formal training. Many teachers felt stressed, isolated and unsure about where to turn for help. As there are demonstrated links between stress and attrition, it is important to reflect upon the experiences of these teachers with the aim of developing future mitigation strategies. The research reported here synthesises the online teaching experiences of 15 expert Arts specialists in Western Australia and revealed that being a digital native was not in itself sufficient to ameliorate online teaching challenges. Rather, the study found that teachers with deep pedagogical practice knowledge and a reflexive/flexible approach fared better than those with high levels of technology familiarity. The importance of collegiality and mentoring in an online setting, along with a reappraisal of teaching priorities emerged as key findings and serve as a timely reminder of the importance of collaboration, especially in testing times.

专业中学美术教师是训练有素的专家,精通面对面的个人和小组教学方法。鉴于艺术教学实践的高度个性化,由于COVID-19封锁导致的在线教学的转变给许多人带来了挑战,他们很少或没有接受过正式培训。许多教师感到压力,孤立,不知道向哪里寻求帮助。由于压力与减员之间存在明显的联系,因此必须反思这些教师的经验,以便制定未来的缓解战略。这里报告的研究综合了西澳大利亚州15位艺术专家的在线教学经验,并揭示了作为数字原住民本身并不足以改善在线教学的挑战。相反,研究发现,拥有深厚教学实践知识和反思/灵活方法的教师比那些对技术高度熟悉的教师表现得更好。在网络环境中,团队合作和指导的重要性,以及对教学优先级的重新评估,成为关键发现,并及时提醒人们合作的重要性,尤其是在测试时期。
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引用次数: 0
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Australian Journal of Education
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