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Shaping science, technology, engineering and mathematics curriculum in Australian schools: An ecological systems analysis 塑造澳大利亚学校的科学、技术、工程和数学课程:生态系统分析
IF 1.3 4区 教育学 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2022-04-17 DOI: 10.1177/00049441221083347
Garry Falloon, Markus Powling, Sharon Fraser, V. Hatisaru
Improving young people’s engagement in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) is being promoted worldwide as a means of addressing projected shortfalls in expertise needed to further nations’ economic, social and environmental goals. Responding to this, schools are reforming traditional discipline-based curricula into interdisciplinary approaches based on problem and project-based designs, to make STEM learning more relevant and meaningful for students. This study drew on a dataset of 449 Australian principal and teacher interviews, to identify factors influencing STEM curriculum in their schools. It utilised Ecological Systems Theory to build understanding relating to the influence of activities and outputs originating at macro, exo and meso system levels, on STEM curriculum and practices in classrooms. Results demonstrated how many innovative schools were able to successfully leverage community, business and national resources to enhance their STEM curriculum, while others struggled due to limitations imposed by geographic or socio-economic factors, or limited access to resources, expertise or advice. Central to achieving this was the powerful influence of principals’ and teachers’ proximal processes and developmental assets in establishing effective and engaging interdisciplinary STEM curricula, despite constraints imposed by, at best, ambiguous national and state curriculum and policies, rigid assessment regimes and compliance-focused reporting requirements.
提高年轻人对科学、技术、工程和数学(STEM)的参与度正在全球范围内得到推广,这是解决推进国家经济、社会和环境目标所需专业知识预计短缺的一种手段。为此,学校正在将传统的基于学科的课程改革为基于问题和基于项目的设计的跨学科方法,以使STEM学习对学生更具相关性和意义。这项研究利用了449名澳大利亚校长和教师访谈的数据集,以确定影响其学校STEM课程的因素。它利用生态系统理论来建立对宏观、外部和中间系统层面的活动和产出对STEM课程和课堂实践的影响的理解。结果表明,有多少创新学校能够成功地利用社区、商业和国家资源来加强其STEM课程,而其他学校则由于地理或社会经济因素的限制,或获得资源、专业知识或建议的机会有限而举步维艰。实现这一目标的核心是校长和教师的近端流程和发展资产在建立有效和参与的跨学科STEM课程方面的强大影响力,尽管国家和州课程和政策的模糊性、严格的评估制度和以合规为重点的报告要求充其量也会带来限制。
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引用次数: 0
Editorial 编辑
IF 1.3 4区 教育学 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2022-02-09 DOI: 10.1177/00049441211069206
Kylie Hillman
on development of self-ef fi cacy among pre-service teachers over the fi nal months of their initial teacher education programmes. Kang Ma, Anne McMaugh and Michael Cavanagh report on their longitudinal study of the changes in self-ef fi cacy for teaching reported by 201 pre-service teachers in the fi nal 2 years of preparation. Data were collected at three time points (after the initial professional placement, before the fi nal placement and again after completion of the fi nal professional placement), and multilevel models were applied to analyse changes in self-ef fi cacy over time. Scores in the domains of classroom management and student engagement decreased in between students completing their fi rst placement and before beginning their fi nal placement. Students reported a consistently higher level of self-ef fi cacy in instructional strategies over the same period (between placements). Scores increased in all three domains of self-ef fi cacy over the course of the fi nal placement, highlighting the importance of these experiences in assisting pre-service teachers feel prepared for their new career and its challenges. student attitudes towards and perceptions of tests. Over 200 secondary students (Years 7 and 9) were surveyed about their experiences participating in the National Assessment Program (Literacy and Numeracy) (NAPLAN) assessments and internal school tests in mathematics and English. Students placed more value on doing well in internal tests than doing well in NAPLAN, had higher ex-pectations of doing well in internal tests than in NAPLAN, and reported putting in more effort for internal tests of both English and mathematics. Fewer students reported feeling nervous or stressed before NAPLAN than for internal tests, but more students reported feeling bored in response to NAPLAN than for their school tests. While most students reported low levels of negative emotional responses to NAPLAN, a small group of students reported strong negative emotional responses to both NAPLAN and internal school tests, suggesting that negative responses to national testing programmes may be dependent on the individual student.
职前教师在最初教师教育计划的最后几个月的自我效能发展。Kang Ma, Anne McMaugh和Michael Cavanagh报告了他们对201名职前教师在最后2年准备期间的教学自我效能感变化的纵向研究。在三个时间点(首次专业安置后、最后一次专业安置前和最后一次专业安置完成后)收集数据,并应用多层次模型分析自我效能感随时间的变化。在学生完成第一次实习和开始最后一次实习之间,课堂管理和学生参与度方面的分数有所下降。在同一时期(实习之间),学生报告的教学策略自我效能感始终较高。在最后的实习过程中,所有三个领域的自我效能感得分都有所提高,这突出了这些经历在帮助职前教师为新职业和挑战做好准备方面的重要性。学生对考试的态度和看法。对200多名七年级和九年级的中学生进行了调查,了解他们参加国家评估计划(读写和计算)评估和学校内部数学和英语测试的经历。学生们更看重在内部考试中取得好成绩,而不是在NAPLAN中取得好成绩,他们对在内部考试中取得好成绩的期望比在NAPLAN中更高,并且报告说在英语和数学的内部考试中都投入了更多的努力。与参加校内考试相比,在参加NAPLAN考试前感到紧张或有压力的学生较少,但与参加学校考试相比,更多的学生在参加NAPLAN考试后感到无聊。虽然大多数学生报告对NAPLAN的负面情绪反应水平较低,但一小部分学生报告对NAPLAN和学校内部测试都有强烈的负面情绪反应,这表明对国家测试计划的负面反应可能取决于学生个人。
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引用次数: 0
Factors contributing to reading comprehension in children with varying degrees of word-level proficiency 影响不同词汇水平儿童阅读理解的因素
IF 1.3 4区 教育学 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2022-02-07 DOI: 10.1177/00049441211062941
Nicola Bell, K. Wheldall
The present study was conducted to explore how the relationships between reading comprehension constructs change according to word reading accuracy, as measured in a large convenience sample (n = 857) of school-aged students (Years 3–6) with reading difficulties. Multiple regression analyses containing interaction variables were conducted, to determine whether word reading accuracy moderated the relationships between the dependent variable (i.e. reading comprehension) and independent variables (i.e. each of vocabulary and nonword reading accuracy). The interaction variable between word reading accuracy and receptive vocabulary was significant, with steeper slopes evident among more skilled readers compared to less skilled readers. Conversely, the interaction variable between word reading accuracy and nonword reading accuracy was also significant, but with steeper slopes evident among the less skilled reader groups. These patterns align with what has been found in typically developing children: as word reading ability improves, reading comprehension depends more so on language comprehension skills than lower-level decoding skills.
本研究旨在探索阅读理解结构之间的关系如何随着单词阅读准确性的变化而变化,这是在一个有阅读困难的学龄学生(3-6年级)的大样本(n=857)中测量的。进行了包含交互变量的多元回归分析,以确定单词阅读准确性是否调节了因变量(即阅读理解)和自变量(即词汇和非单词阅读准确性中的每一个)之间的关系。单词阅读准确性和接受性词汇之间的交互变量是显著的,与技能较差的读者相比,技能较高的读者的斜率更大。相反,单词阅读准确性和非单词阅读准确性之间的交互变量也很显著,但在技能较差的读者群体中,斜率更陡。这些模式与典型发育中儿童的发现一致:随着单词阅读能力的提高,阅读理解更多地取决于语言理解技能,而不是较低水平的解码技能。
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引用次数: 2
What attracts teachers to rural and remote schools? Incentivising teachers’ employment choices in New South Wales 是什么吸引教师到农村和偏远的学校?激励新南威尔士州教师的就业选择
IF 1.3 4区 教育学 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2022-01-31 DOI: 10.1177/00049441211066357
Paul F. Burke, J. Buchanan
Staffing rural and regional schools remains an intractable problem. This study identifies effective incentives for attracting teachers to difficult-to-staff rural and remote schools in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. Compared to their urban counterparts, students in these schools are disadvantaged by teacher staff shortages, inexperience and attrition. The research investigated the ability for existing incentives of the NSW Department of Education, other education systems and other professions to attract professionals to rural and remote appointments using a discrete choice experiment methodology. The findings identify ways of attracting teachers of differing levels of experience and commitment to work in such areas.
农村和地方学校的人员配备仍然是一个棘手的问题。本研究确定了澳大利亚新南威尔士州(NSW)农村和偏远学校吸引教师的有效激励措施。与城市学生相比,这些学校的学生由于师资短缺、缺乏经验和人员流失而处于不利地位。该研究使用离散选择实验方法调查了新南威尔士州教育部、其他教育系统和其他专业的现有激励措施吸引专业人员到农村和偏远地区的能力。调查结果确定了吸引不同经验水平和承诺的教师在这些领域工作的方法。
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引用次数: 6
Changes in pre-service teacher self-efficacy for teaching in relation to professional experience placements 职前教师教学自我效能感的变化与专业经验安置的关系
IF 1.3 4区 教育学 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2022-01-03 DOI: 10.1177/00049441211060474
Kang Ma, A. Mcmaugh, M. Cavanagh
This article aims to contribute new, longitudinal evidence on teacher self-efficacy (TSE) by investigating changes in TSE over the last 2 years of an Australian initial teacher education program. Two hundred and one pre-service teachers were surveyed at three timepoints: (1) after the first professional experience placement, (2) before and (3) after the final placement, using the Scale for Teacher Self-Efficacy. Data were analysed using multilevel modelling. TSE for the domains of classroom management and student engagement decreased significantly between the first and before the commencement of the last professional experience placements. All three dimensions of TSE – instructional strategies, student engagement and classroom management – increased significantly during the final placement.
本文旨在通过调查澳大利亚初级教师教育项目过去两年中教师自我效能感的变化,为教师自我效能提供新的纵向证据。使用教师自我效能感量表,在三个时间点对211名职前教师进行了调查:(1)第一次专业经验实习后,(2)实习前和(3)实习后。使用多层次模型对数据进行分析。在第一次和最后一次专业经验实习开始之前,课堂管理和学生参与度领域的TSE显著下降。TSE的所有三个维度——教学策略、学生参与度和课堂管理——在最终安置期间都显著增加。
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引用次数: 4
Comparing student motivations for and emotional responses to national standardised tests and internal school tests: The devil in the detail 比较学生对国家标准化考试和学校内部考试的动机和情绪反应:细节中的魔鬼
IF 1.3 4区 教育学 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2022-01-03 DOI: 10.1177/00049441211061889
Mark Dowley, S. Rice
National testing of students has become an increasingly prevalent policy tool, often implemented to drive improvement through increased accountability and heightened competition between schools. Such testing has been found to generate negative emotional responses among students, including increased stress and anxiety . However, there is little examining whether such responses are associated specifically with national testing regimes or are more general responses to testing situations. This study surveyed 206 students in Australian secondary schools to compare responses to NAPLAN and internal school tests. Students reported higher expectations for their performance in internal school tests than for NAPLAN, higher levels of boredom for NAPLAN and greater levels of confidence for their internal school tests. While most students reported low levels of negative emotional responses to NAPLAN, a small group of students reported strong negative emotional responses to both NAPLAN and internal school tests, suggesting that negative responses to national testing programs may be more dependent on the individual student.
全国学生考试已经成为一种越来越普遍的政策工具,通常是为了通过加强问责制和加强学校之间的竞争来推动进步。人们发现,这种测试会在学生中产生负面情绪反应,包括增加压力和焦虑。然而,很少有人审查这种反应是否与国家检测制度具体相关,或者是对检测情况的更一般的反应。这项研究调查了澳大利亚中学的206名学生,比较了他们对NAPLAN和学校内部测试的反应。与NAPLAN相比,学生们对自己在校内考试中的表现期望更高,对NAPLAN的厌烦程度更高,对校内考试的信心程度更高。虽然大多数学生报告对NAPLAN的负面情绪反应水平较低,但一小部分学生报告对NAPLAN和学校内部测试都有强烈的负面情绪反应,这表明对国家测试计划的负面反应可能更多地取决于学生个人。
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引用次数: 2
Gender Bias in New South Wales Higher School Certificate (HSC) Physics 新南威尔士州高等学校证书(HSC)物理中的性别偏见
IF 1.3 4区 教育学 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2021-12-15 DOI: 10.1177/00049441211059239
V. Keast
A sense of belonging is an important factor for the persistence of girls in the study of physics. Content and imagery that presents the field as a masculine domain will undermine belonging and make it more difficult for girls to establish a physics identity that is congruent with their gender identity. The physics syllabus, final examinations and commonly used textbooks associated with the New South Wales Higher School Certificate were examined for gendered content. It was found that an emphasis on the history of physics in the syllabus has resulted in content and images in which male figures significantly outnumber female figures. This gendered content will be counter-productive to other efforts to increase the participation of girls in physics and suggestions on how this can be addressed are made.
归属感是女生坚持学习物理的一个重要因素。将该领域呈现为男性领域的内容和图像将破坏归属感,并使女孩更难建立与其性别认同一致的物理身份。对与新南威尔士州高等学校证书有关的物理教学大纲、期末考试和常用教科书的性别内容进行了检查。研究发现,教学大纲中对物理历史的强调导致了内容和图像中男性形象明显多于女性形象。这种性别化的内容将对提高女孩参与物理的其他努力产生反作用,并就如何解决这一问题提出了建议。
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引用次数: 3
Learning progressions/trajectories in mathematics: Supporting reform at scale 学习数学进阶/轨迹:支持大规模改革
IF 1.3 4区 教育学 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/00049441211045745
D. Siemon
In recent years, attention has turned to the development of evidenced-based learning progressions/trajectories as a means of identifying the likely paths learners might take in developing a deep, well-connected understanding of key aspects of mathematics. However, the extent to which this work influences what happens in mathematics classrooms varies greatly depending on the prevailing relationship between curriculum, pedagogy and assessment. This article will draw on current policy documents and the literature to challenge current assumptions at the national level about what constitutes a learning progression. It will draw briefly on the results of a recently completed, large-scale study on mathematical reasoning in the middle years of schooling to make a case for evidenced-based learning progressions/trajectories as boundary objects in reconnecting and rebalancing the curriculum, pedagogy and assessment relationship to support reform at scale.
近年来,人们的注意力转向了基于证据的学习进度/轨迹的发展,作为一种确定学习者在发展对数学关键方面的深刻、紧密联系的理解时可能采取的路径的手段。然而,这项工作对数学课堂的影响程度取决于课程、教学法和评估之间的普遍关系。本文将借鉴当前的政策文件和文献,挑战目前在国家层面上关于什么是学习进展的假设。报告将简要介绍最近完成的一项关于中学阶段数学推理的大规模研究的结果,以证明基于证据的学习进度/轨迹是重新连接和重新平衡课程、教学法和评估关系的边界对象,以支持大规模改革。
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引用次数: 2
The case for a sub-element ‘measuring matter’ within the Australian national numeracy learning progression 澳大利亚国家算术学习进程中“测量问题”的子元素的案例
IF 1.3 4区 教育学 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/00049441211041855
H. McMaster, C. Preston, Hailan Wang, Mersini Perivolarellis
Australia has a National Numeracy Learning Progression (NNLP) that is strongly aligned with the Australian Curriculum: Mathematics. This article examines how a sub-element within this progression could be impacting students’ learning of Science. This sub-element is firmly based on Mathematics education research as to how students build their understanding of geometric measurement (the structure of length, area and volume). Mathematics educators subsequently researched children’s measurement of mass and included it within the same sub-element of the NNLP. The contexts in which mass and volume are measured in Mathematics are different to those used in teaching Science. This article presents two studies that used variation theory and task-based interviews of children in Years 5 and 6, to explore their thinking about mass and volume in a Science context. The findings suggest that mathematical constructs in geometric measurement could be constraining the development of scientific ideas about matter. This research has implications for furthering the development of the NNLP to encompass scientific aspects of measuring matter.
澳大利亚有一个国家算术学习进展(NNLP),它与澳大利亚课程:数学密切相关。本文探讨了这个过程中的一个子元素是如何影响学生对科学的学习的。这一子元素牢牢地基于数学教育研究,即学生如何建立对几何测量(长度、面积和体积的结构)的理解。数学教育者随后研究了儿童对质量的测量,并将其纳入NNLP的同一子元素。数学中测量质量和体积的环境与科学教学中使用的环境不同。本文介绍了两项研究,利用变异理论和基于任务的访谈对五年级和六年级的儿童进行了研究,以探索他们在科学背景下对质量和体积的思考。这些发现表明,几何测量中的数学结构可能会限制有关物质的科学观念的发展。本研究对进一步发展NNLP以涵盖测量物质的科学方面具有启示意义。
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引用次数: 0
Learning progressions/trajectories in mathematics and science education: A case for evidence-based curricula reform? Guest editorial 数学和科学教育中的学习进阶/轨迹:循证课程改革的案例?客人编辑
IF 1.3 4区 教育学 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/00049441211055521
G. Oates, R. Seah
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引用次数: 4
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Australian Journal of Education
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