Although factors leading to selfless acts, such as charitable donations, have been a central concern in political sciences, voluntary donations are among the most atypical and less well‐known public revenue‐raising sources. In this article, we explore which factors influence people's donations to their government. We conduct an artefactual field experiment in Peru where subjects anonymously decide how much of an endowment they freely donate to the government. We run six sessions with a sample that is representative of the taxpayer population of Metropolitan Lima regarding age, gender, and socioeconomic conditions. Our results suggest that donations depend on the subject's support to the government, the average donation by other subjects (social information) and their beliefs about the average donation of others (perceived social norms).
{"title":"Why do people give to their governments? Lab‐in‐the‐field evidence on the role of norms, social information, and political support","authors":"Raúl López‐Pérez, Aldo Ramirez-Zamudio, Gibrán Cruz-Martínez","doi":"10.1111/spsr.12583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/spsr.12583","url":null,"abstract":"Although factors leading to selfless acts, such as charitable donations, have been a central concern in political sciences, voluntary donations are among the most atypical and less well‐known public revenue‐raising sources. In this article, we explore which factors influence people's donations to their government. We conduct an artefactual field experiment in Peru where subjects anonymously decide how much of an endowment they freely donate to the government. We run six sessions with a sample that is representative of the taxpayer population of Metropolitan Lima regarding age, gender, and socioeconomic conditions. Our results suggest that donations depend on the subject's support to the government, the average donation by other subjects (social information) and their beliefs about the average donation of others (perceived social norms).","PeriodicalId":46785,"journal":{"name":"Swiss Political Science Review","volume":"47 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138957238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Die Grünen in der Schweiz: Entwicklung – Wirken – Perspektiven/Les Vert‐e‐s en Suisse: Évolution – action – perspectivesSarahBütikofer and WernerSeitz (Eds.) Zurich, Seismo Press (2023), 228 p., ISBN 978–3–03777‐271‐3 (German)/ISBN 978–2–88351‐118‐7 (French)","authors":"Mark C. Wagner","doi":"10.1111/spsr.12584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/spsr.12584","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46785,"journal":{"name":"Swiss Political Science Review","volume":"37 S1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138972782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Direkte Demokratie in den GemeindenMartina FlickWitzig und AdrianVatter, Basel, NZZ Libro (2023), 207 S., ISBN 978–3–907396‐24‐7","authors":"Michael A. Strebel","doi":"10.1111/spsr.12582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/spsr.12582","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46785,"journal":{"name":"Swiss Political Science Review","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139257946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The impact of decentralization on ethno‐territorial conflict is widely debated, but empirical analyses of ethno‐territorial party politics are scarce. This paper uses novel data on conflicts in power‐sharing cabinets to explore the relation between decentralization and ethno‐territorial conflicts in the case of Belgium (1979–2006). These data are analysed with the help of poisson and logistic regressions, which confirm the negative association between decentralization and conflict. In addition to institutions, the analyses also examine the relevance of issue saliency, regionalist parties' strength, regionalist cabinet participation, and the proximity of elections. The results contradict the paradox of federalism and add to contemporary debates on ethno‐territorial politics, conflict management, and power‐sharing.
{"title":"Pacification through decentralization: An explanatory analysis of ethno‐territorial cabinet conflict in Belgium (1979–2006)","authors":"Maxime Vandenberghe","doi":"10.1111/spsr.12581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/spsr.12581","url":null,"abstract":"The impact of decentralization on ethno‐territorial conflict is widely debated, but empirical analyses of ethno‐territorial party politics are scarce. This paper uses novel data on conflicts in power‐sharing cabinets to explore the relation between decentralization and ethno‐territorial conflicts in the case of Belgium (1979–2006). These data are analysed with the help of poisson and logistic regressions, which confirm the negative association between decentralization and conflict. In addition to institutions, the analyses also examine the relevance of issue saliency, regionalist parties' strength, regionalist cabinet participation, and the proximity of elections. The results contradict the paradox of federalism and add to contemporary debates on ethno‐territorial politics, conflict management, and power‐sharing.","PeriodicalId":46785,"journal":{"name":"Swiss Political Science Review","volume":"71 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139258545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
When do voters switch from mainstream to niche parties and vice‐versa? To understand these switches, we focus on the saturation of the party system. We theorize that when a party system is oversaturated – i.e. when a higher effective number of parties contests elections than predicted based on socio‐political contextual characteristics (the system's ‘carrying capacity’) – it becomes increasingly likely that: (1) mainstream party voters defect to niche parties; and (2) niche party voters refrain from switching to mainstream parties. Based on vote‐switching patterns in 15 countries and 53 elections, we find that oversaturation increases shifts from mainstream to niche parties. Further analyses show that this holds for shifts from mainstream to radical left and right parties, but not for shifts to green parties. This has important consequences for research on vote switching, the electoral consequences of policy differentiation and the competition between niche and mainstream parties.
{"title":"Past the saturation point: Why voters switch from mainstream to niche parties and vice‐versa","authors":"Marc van de Wardt, Matthijs Rooduijn","doi":"10.1111/spsr.12579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/spsr.12579","url":null,"abstract":"When do voters switch from mainstream to niche parties and vice‐versa? To understand these switches, we focus on the saturation of the party system. We theorize that when a party system is oversaturated – i.e. when a higher effective number of parties contests elections than predicted based on socio‐political contextual characteristics (the system's ‘carrying capacity’) – it becomes increasingly likely that: (1) mainstream party voters defect to niche parties; and (2) niche party voters refrain from switching to mainstream parties. Based on vote‐switching patterns in 15 countries and 53 elections, we find that oversaturation increases shifts from mainstream to niche parties. Further analyses show that this holds for shifts from mainstream to radical left and right parties, but not for shifts to green parties. This has important consequences for research on vote switching, the electoral consequences of policy differentiation and the competition between niche and mainstream parties.","PeriodicalId":46785,"journal":{"name":"Swiss Political Science Review","volume":"60 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139270483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Swiss Political Science ReviewEarly View BOOK REVIEW The Human Imperative: Power, Freedom and Democracy in the Age of Artificial Intelligence , Paul Nemitz and Matthias Pfeffer (Eds.), Cambridge: The Ethics Press. 2023. pp. 602. ISBN: 978–1–80441-195-7 Fabian Lütz, Corresponding Author Fabian Lütz [email protected] orcid.org/0009-0009-9057-2697 University of Lausanne Email:[email protected]Search for more papers by this author Fabian Lütz, Corresponding Author Fabian Lütz [email protected] orcid.org/0009-0009-9057-2697 University of Lausanne Email:[email protected]Search for more papers by this author First published: 27 October 2023 https://doi.org/10.1111/spsr.12580Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. REFERENCES Andersen, R. (2023), Inside the AI Revolution, The Atlantic, 1 September 2023. Bradford, A. (2023), Digital Empires: The Global Battle to Regulate Technology. Oxford University Press. Broussard, M. (2023), More Than a Glitch: Confronting Race, Gender, and Ability Bias in Tech. MIT Press. Christian, B. (2020), The Alignment Problem: Machine Learning and Human Values. WW Norton. Lütz, F. (2023), Artificial Intelligence and Gender-Based Discrimination (Chapter 14), in: A. Quintavalla & J. Temperman (Eds.), Artificial Intelligence and Human Rights (pp. 207–222 ), Oxford University Press. A. Quintavalla, & J. Temperman (Eds.) (2023), Artificial Intelligence and Human Rights. Oxford University Press. Runciman, D. (2023), The Handover: How We Gave Control of Our Lives to Corporations, States and AIs. Liveright. Russell, S. J. (2019), Human Compatible: Artificial Intelligence and the Problem of Control. Viking. Zuboff, S. (2019), The Age of Surveillance Capitalism: The Fight for a Human Future at the New Frontier of Power. PublicAffairs. Early ViewOnline Version of Record before inclusion in an issue ReferencesRelatedInformation
《人类的必要性:人工智能时代的权力、自由和民主》，保罗·尼米茨和马蒂亚斯·普费弗(编辑)，剑桥:伦理出版社，2023年。602页。ISBN: 978-1-80441-195-7 Fabian l tz，通讯作者Fabian l tz [email protected] orcid.org/0009-0009-9057-2697洛桑大学电子邮件:[email protected]搜索本文作者更多论文，通讯作者Fabian l tz [email protected] orcid.org/0009-0009-9057-2697洛桑大学电子邮件:[email protected]搜索本文作者更多论文首次发表:2023年10月27日https://doi.org/10.1111/spsr.12580Read全文taboutpdf ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare给予accessShare全文accessShare全文accessShare请查看我们的使用条款和条件，并勾选下面的复选框共享文章的全文版本。我已经阅读并接受了Wiley在线图书馆使用共享链接的条款和条件，请使用下面的链接与您的朋友和同事分享本文的全文版本。学习更多的知识。复制URL共享链接共享一个emailfacebooktwitterlinkedinreddit微信本文无摘要Andersen, R. (2023)， Inside the AI Revolution, the Atlantic, 2023年9月1日。Bradford, A.(2023)，《数字帝国:规范技术的全球战斗》。牛津大学出版社。Broussard, M.(2023)，《不仅仅是一个小故障:面对技术中的种族、性别和能力偏见》，麻省理工学院出版社。Christian, B.(2020)，《对齐问题:机器学习和人类价值观》。WW诺顿。l兹，F.(2023)，人工智能和基于性别的歧视(第14章)，见:A. Quintavalla & J. Temperman(编辑)，人工智能与人权(第207-222页)，牛津大学出版社。A. Quintavalla， & J. Temperman(编)(2023)，人工智能与人权。牛津大学出版社。卢西曼，D.(2023)，《移交:我们如何将我们的生活控制权交给公司、国家和人工智能》。Liveright。Russell, S. J.(2019)，《人类兼容:人工智能与控制问题》。维京人。朱伯夫，S.(2019)，《监视资本主义时代:在权力的新前沿为人类未来而战》。公共事务出版社。在问题包含之前的早期视图在线版本的记录参考信息
{"title":"The Human Imperative: Power, Freedom and Democracy in the Age of Artificial IntelligencePaulNemitz and MatthiasPfeffer (Eds.), Cambridge: The Ethics Press. 2023. pp. 602. <scp>ISBN</scp>: 978–1–80441‐195‐7","authors":"Fabian Lütz","doi":"10.1111/spsr.12580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/spsr.12580","url":null,"abstract":"Swiss Political Science ReviewEarly View BOOK REVIEW The Human Imperative: Power, Freedom and Democracy in the Age of Artificial Intelligence , Paul Nemitz and Matthias Pfeffer (Eds.), Cambridge: The Ethics Press. 2023. pp. 602. ISBN: 978–1–80441-195-7 Fabian Lütz, Corresponding Author Fabian Lütz [email protected] orcid.org/0009-0009-9057-2697 University of Lausanne Email:[email protected]Search for more papers by this author Fabian Lütz, Corresponding Author Fabian Lütz [email protected] orcid.org/0009-0009-9057-2697 University of Lausanne Email:[email protected]Search for more papers by this author First published: 27 October 2023 https://doi.org/10.1111/spsr.12580Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. REFERENCES Andersen, R. (2023), Inside the AI Revolution, The Atlantic, 1 September 2023. Bradford, A. (2023), Digital Empires: The Global Battle to Regulate Technology. Oxford University Press. Broussard, M. (2023), More Than a Glitch: Confronting Race, Gender, and Ability Bias in Tech. MIT Press. Christian, B. (2020), The Alignment Problem: Machine Learning and Human Values. WW Norton. Lütz, F. (2023), Artificial Intelligence and Gender-Based Discrimination (Chapter 14), in: A. Quintavalla & J. Temperman (Eds.), Artificial Intelligence and Human Rights (pp. 207–222 ), Oxford University Press. A. Quintavalla, & J. Temperman (Eds.) (2023), Artificial Intelligence and Human Rights. Oxford University Press. Runciman, D. (2023), The Handover: How We Gave Control of Our Lives to Corporations, States and AIs. Liveright. Russell, S. J. (2019), Human Compatible: Artificial Intelligence and the Problem of Control. Viking. Zuboff, S. (2019), The Age of Surveillance Capitalism: The Fight for a Human Future at the New Frontier of Power. PublicAffairs. Early ViewOnline Version of Record before inclusion in an issue ReferencesRelatedInformation","PeriodicalId":46785,"journal":{"name":"Swiss Political Science Review","volume":"41 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136311908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Switzerland is a laggard in terms of digital campaigning. Direct democratic votes, more particularly, are centered around issues and little personalized. Combined with the specificities of voters’ information behaviour in direct democratic campaigns, these features are likely to disincentivize political actors from extensively campaigning online. Instead, we expect political actors to continue relying on traditional media. These propositions are tested on a large data base of social media posts and newspaper advertisements published before direct democratic votes held in Switzerland from 1981 to 2020 and 2010 to 2020, respectively. Counterintuitively, this research note finds a strong discontinuity in campaign communication practices. Over the past decades, and between 2010 and 2020 in particular, newspaper ads have become less central to direct democratic campaign communication. At the same time, political actors are increasingly shifting their communication to the digital sphere.
{"title":"From newspapers to social media? Changing dynamics in Swiss direct democratic campaigns","authors":"Michaela Fischer","doi":"10.1111/spsr.12578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/spsr.12578","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Switzerland is a laggard in terms of digital campaigning. Direct democratic votes, more particularly, are centered around issues and little personalized. Combined with the specificities of voters’ information behaviour in direct democratic campaigns, these features are likely to disincentivize political actors from extensively campaigning online. Instead, we expect political actors to continue relying on traditional media. These propositions are tested on a large data base of social media posts and newspaper advertisements published before direct democratic votes held in Switzerland from 1981 to 2020 and 2010 to 2020, respectively. Counterintuitively, this research note finds a strong discontinuity in campaign communication practices. Over the past decades, and between 2010 and 2020 in particular, newspaper ads have become less central to direct democratic campaign communication. At the same time, political actors are increasingly shifting their communication to the digital sphere.","PeriodicalId":46785,"journal":{"name":"Swiss Political Science Review","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136184852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Subnational entities in federal states typically retain a degree of sovereignty and enjoy leeway in implementation, raising questions such as whether—and how—international law is actually implemented at the subnational level. This article sheds light on these questions, using two contrasted case studies in Switzerland: The Istanbul Convention on domestic violence and the European Union (EU) Directive 2016/680 on data protection. Based on a document analysis of the law‐making process and 44 semi‐structured interviews with national and subnational political actors, we observe how international obligations are legally implemented, that is, transposed into legislation at the subnational level. Our results show that: (1) Subnational civil servants play a decisive role, while members of parliament are marginal. (2) Civil servants may constitute Vertical Epistemic Communities (VECs), which are able to “technicize” the issue to ensure swift implementation through administrative venues. (3) VECs are particularly influential as they use intercantonal conferences as institutional platforms to shape implementation processes. Otherwise, implementation becomes politicized, and its success strongly depends on subnational politics.
{"title":"Multi‐level Implementation of International Law: The Role of Vertical Epistemic Communities","authors":"Matthieu Niederhauser, Martino Maggetti","doi":"10.1111/spsr.12577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/spsr.12577","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Subnational entities in federal states typically retain a degree of sovereignty and enjoy leeway in implementation, raising questions such as whether—and how—international law is actually implemented at the subnational level. This article sheds light on these questions, using two contrasted case studies in Switzerland: The Istanbul Convention on domestic violence and the European Union (EU) Directive 2016/680 on data protection. Based on a document analysis of the law‐making process and 44 semi‐structured interviews with national and subnational political actors, we observe how international obligations are legally implemented, that is, transposed into legislation at the subnational level. Our results show that: (1) Subnational civil servants play a decisive role, while members of parliament are marginal. (2) Civil servants may constitute Vertical Epistemic Communities (VECs), which are able to “technicize” the issue to ensure swift implementation through administrative venues. (3) VECs are particularly influential as they use intercantonal conferences as institutional platforms to shape implementation processes. Otherwise, implementation becomes politicized, and its success strongly depends on subnational politics.","PeriodicalId":46785,"journal":{"name":"Swiss Political Science Review","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135344796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：