Pub Date : 2025-12-26DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2025.11.004
Gopi Battineni PhD, MS, ME , Nalini Chintalapudi PhD, MTech , Venkata R. Dhulipalla PhD, MTech , Francesco Amenta PhD, MD
Objectives
The development of large language models (LLMs) has shown promising results in enhancing research processes, data analysis, and communication in various domains of neurology. In this work, we systematically review and synthesize current evidence on the applications of LLMs in the assessment, diagnosis, and monitoring of neurological disorders.
Methods
Three databases, namely PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, were considered for document search. Article selection was according to PRISMA guidelines, and Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to assess the article quality based on relevance, quality, and applicability.
Results
Nine studies were included in the final analysis. Based on the findings, LLMs have been utilized in diverse areas of neuroscience including hypothesis generation, clinical decision support, and cognitive modeling. LLMs can process large datasets, identify trends, and support personalized medicine. However, challenges such as interpretability, ethical considerations, and domain-specific training remain critical.
Conclusions
By facilitating workflows and uncovering new insights, LLMs can revolutionize different domains of neurology. Nevertheless, further research on their reliability, ethical implications, and adaptation to the unique demands of neuroscience is needed.
目的大型语言模型（llm）的发展在加强神经学各个领域的研究过程、数据分析和交流方面显示出有希望的结果。在这项工作中，我们系统地回顾和综合了llm在神经系统疾病的评估、诊断和监测中的应用的现有证据。方法采用PubMed、Scopus和Web of Science 3个数据库进行文献检索。根据PRISMA指南进行文章选择，采用纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表（Newcastle-Ottawa Scale， NOS）根据相关性、质量和适用性评估文章质量。结果9项研究纳入最终分析。基于这些发现，法学硕士已被应用于神经科学的各个领域，包括假设生成、临床决策支持和认知建模。法学硕士可以处理大型数据集，识别趋势，并支持个性化医疗。然而，诸如可解释性、伦理考虑和特定领域培训等挑战仍然至关重要。通过简化工作流程和发现新的见解，法学硕士可以彻底改变神经病学的不同领域。然而，需要进一步研究它们的可靠性、伦理意义以及对神经科学独特需求的适应性。
{"title":"From diagnostics to education: Multi-domain evaluation of LLM chatbots in neurology","authors":"Gopi Battineni PhD, MS, ME , Nalini Chintalapudi PhD, MTech , Venkata R. Dhulipalla PhD, MTech , Francesco Amenta PhD, MD","doi":"10.1016/j.jtumed.2025.11.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtumed.2025.11.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The development of large language models (LLMs) has shown promising results in enhancing research processes, data analysis, and communication in various domains of neurology. In this work, we systematically review and synthesize current evidence on the applications of LLMs in the assessment, diagnosis, and monitoring of neurological disorders.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Three databases, namely PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, were considered for document search. Article selection was according to PRISMA guidelines, and Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to assess the article quality based on relevance, quality, and applicability.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Nine studies were included in the final analysis. Based on the findings, LLMs have been utilized in diverse areas of neuroscience including hypothesis generation, clinical decision support, and cognitive modeling. LLMs can process large datasets, identify trends, and support personalized medicine. However, challenges such as interpretability, ethical considerations, and domain-specific training remain critical.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>By facilitating workflows and uncovering new insights, LLMs can revolutionize different domains of neurology. Nevertheless, further research on their reliability, ethical implications, and adaptation to the unique demands of neuroscience is needed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences","volume":"21 1","pages":"Pages 15-24"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145842385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-26DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2025.12.001
Abdulaziz M. Saleem MBBS, M.Sc, FRCSC , Mohammed F. Alhazmi MBBS , Moaz W. Abulfaraj MBBS, FRCSC , Ahmed S. Aljeraisi MBBS , Murad M. Aljiffry MBBS, M.Sc, FRCSC, FACS
Purpose
Robotic-assisted surgery (RAS) has transformed surgical practice nationwide. Saudi Arabia (KSA) has integrated RAS into its healthcare system. However, gaps exist in the understanding of its adoption, challenges, and perceptions. This scoping review aims to map the existing literature on RAS in KSA, highlighting its implementation across specialties and identifying barriers to its expansion.
Methods
This study following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines and Arksey and O'Malley's framework, a systematic search was conducted across six databases. Studies focusing on RAS in KSA were included. Review articles and gray literature were excluded. Screening and data extraction were performed by two reviewers.
Results
The search identified 3859 studies, 85 were included. Most were case reports (n = 25) and retrospective cohort studies (n = 16), reflecting the recent adoption of RAS in KSA. Most studies originated from the Central region (n = 61), highlighting regional disparities in implementation. Urology (n = 26) was the most represented specialty, followed by general surgery (n = 14), pediatrics (n = 12), and obstetrics/gynecology (n = 10). Robotic partial nephrectomy, robotic donor hepatectomy, and robotic pyeloplasty were the most reported procedures. Ten cross-sectional studies assessed perceptions and knowledge regarding RAS among the general population and healthcare professionals, revealing limited public awareness and misconceptions about complications and robotic errors, and lack of formal training in most healthcare professionals in RAS due to limited system availability and administrative disinterest. Despite these challenges, medical professionals and students expressed a strong interest in RAS training.
Conclusion
While RAS is expanding in KSA, significant regional disparities and training gaps remain. expanding education and system availability is crucial for advancement.
{"title":"Shaping the future of surgery: A scoping review of current robotic practices in KSA","authors":"Abdulaziz M. Saleem MBBS, M.Sc, FRCSC , Mohammed F. Alhazmi MBBS , Moaz W. Abulfaraj MBBS, FRCSC , Ahmed S. Aljeraisi MBBS , Murad M. Aljiffry MBBS, M.Sc, FRCSC, FACS","doi":"10.1016/j.jtumed.2025.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtumed.2025.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Robotic-assisted surgery (RAS) has transformed surgical practice nationwide. Saudi Arabia (KSA) has integrated RAS into its healthcare system. However, gaps exist in the understanding of its adoption, challenges, and perceptions. This scoping review aims to map the existing literature on RAS in KSA, highlighting its implementation across specialties and identifying barriers to its expansion.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div><em>This study</em> following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines and Arksey and O'Malley's framework, a systematic search was conducted across six databases. Studies focusing on RAS in KSA were included. Review articles and gray literature were excluded. Screening and data extraction were performed by two reviewers.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The search identified 3859 studies, 85 were included. Most were case reports (n = 25) and retrospective cohort studies (n = 16), reflecting the recent adoption of RAS in KSA. Most studies originated from the Central region (n = 61), highlighting regional disparities in implementation. Urology (n = 26) was the most represented specialty, followed by general surgery (n = 14), pediatrics (n = 12), and obstetrics/gynecology (n = 10). Robotic partial nephrectomy, robotic donor hepatectomy, and robotic pyeloplasty were the most reported procedures. Ten cross-sectional studies assessed perceptions and knowledge regarding RAS among the general population and healthcare professionals, revealing limited public awareness and misconceptions about complications and robotic errors, and lack of formal training in most healthcare professionals in RAS due to limited system availability and administrative disinterest. Despite these challenges, medical professionals and students expressed a strong interest in RAS training.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>While RAS is expanding in KSA, significant regional disparities and training gaps remain. expanding education and system availability is crucial for advancement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences","volume":"21 1","pages":"Pages 1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145842472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"From rivalry to synergy: Calibration of PBL and TBL for medical learning outcomes","authors":"Akhmad Syaikhu M.Pd. , Dony D. Sagita S.Pd., M.Pd., Kons , Mudayat M.Pd","doi":"10.1016/j.jtumed.2025.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtumed.2025.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences","volume":"20 6","pages":"Pages 833-834"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145792191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2025.11.010
Anthony M. Ban PhD candidate , Branka V. Ličanin PhD candidate
أهداف البحث
تُعدّ إعادة بناء الثدي بعد الاستئصال جزءًا مهمًا من إعادة التأهيل للنساء الناجيات من سرطان الثدي، رغم أنها لا تُعدّ جزءًا إلزاميًا من الخطة العلاجية. هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى تقييم تأثير إعادة بناء الثدي على جوانب متعددة من جودة الحياة، بما في ذلك الرفاه الجسدي والانفعالي والاجتماعي، ومدى إسهامها في رضا المريضات بشكل عام.
طرق البحث
أُجريت دراسة مقطعية شملت 100 امرأة خضعن لإعادة بناء الثدي خلال السنوات السبع الماضية. استُخدم مقياس "ليكرت" خماسي الدرجات المطوّر خصيصًا لقياس تصوّر المريضات للراحة الجسدية، والرفاه النفسي، وتقدير الذات، والتفاعل الاجتماعي. تم تحليل البيانات باستخدام طرائق إحصائية وصفية واستدلالية.
النتائج
أظهرت النتائج تحسّنًا ملموسًا في جودة الحياة لدى النساء اللاتي خضعن لإعادة بناء الثدي. لوحظت فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية في جوانب الراحة الجسدية، والاستقرار الانفعالي، والثقة بالنفس. كما أبلغت المشاركات عن تحسن في التفاعل الاجتماعي، وزيادة في الرضا عن الحياة. وتشير هذه النتائج إلى أن إعادة بناء الثدي لا تسهم في التعافي الجسدي فحسب، بل تدعم أيضًا الاندماج النفسي والاجتماعي بعد الاستئصال.
الاستنتاجات
تُظهر إعادة بناء الثدي بعد الاستئصال أثرًا إيجابيًا على جودة حياة النساء من خلال تحسين الحالة الجسدية، والاستقرار النفسي، والوظائف الاجتماعية. وتبرز هذه النتائج أهمية اعتبار إعادة بناء الثدي جزءًا أساسيًا من برامج إعادة التأهيل بعد استئصال الثدي. وتوصى الدراسات المستقبلية بالتركيز على تطوير بروتوكولات إعادة التأهيل وتعزيز أنظمة الدعم الشامل لتحسين نتائج المريضات ورفاههن.
{"title":"Impact of breast reconstruction on quality of life among women after mastectomy","authors":"Anthony M. Ban PhD candidate , Branka V. Ličanin PhD candidate","doi":"10.1016/j.jtumed.2025.11.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtumed.2025.11.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>أهداف البحث</h3><div>تُعدّ إعادة بناء الثدي بعد الاستئصال جزءًا مهمًا من إعادة التأهيل للنساء الناجيات من سرطان الثدي، رغم أنها لا تُعدّ جزءًا إلزاميًا من الخطة العلاجية. هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى تقييم تأثير إعادة بناء الثدي على جوانب متعددة من جودة الحياة، بما في ذلك الرفاه الجسدي والانفعالي والاجتماعي، ومدى إسهامها في رضا المريضات بشكل عام.</div></div><div><h3>طرق البحث</h3><div>أُجريت دراسة مقطعية شملت 100 امرأة خضعن لإعادة بناء الثدي خلال السنوات السبع الماضية. استُخدم مقياس \"ليكرت\" خماسي الدرجات المطوّر خصيصًا لقياس تصوّر المريضات للراحة الجسدية، والرفاه النفسي، وتقدير الذات، والتفاعل الاجتماعي. تم تحليل البيانات باستخدام طرائق إحصائية وصفية واستدلالية.</div></div><div><h3>النتائج</h3><div>أظهرت النتائج تحسّنًا ملموسًا في جودة الحياة لدى النساء اللاتي خضعن لإعادة بناء الثدي. لوحظت فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية في جوانب الراحة الجسدية، والاستقرار الانفعالي، والثقة بالنفس. كما أبلغت المشاركات عن تحسن في التفاعل الاجتماعي، وزيادة في الرضا عن الحياة. وتشير هذه النتائج إلى أن إعادة بناء الثدي لا تسهم في التعافي الجسدي فحسب، بل تدعم أيضًا الاندماج النفسي والاجتماعي بعد الاستئصال.</div></div><div><h3>الاستنتاجات</h3><div>تُظهر إعادة بناء الثدي بعد الاستئصال أثرًا إيجابيًا على جودة حياة النساء من خلال تحسين الحالة الجسدية، والاستقرار النفسي، والوظائف الاجتماعية. وتبرز هذه النتائج أهمية اعتبار إعادة بناء الثدي جزءًا أساسيًا من برامج إعادة التأهيل بعد استئصال الثدي. وتوصى الدراسات المستقبلية بالتركيز على تطوير بروتوكولات إعادة التأهيل وتعزيز أنظمة الدعم الشامل لتحسين نتائج المريضات ورفاههن.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences","volume":"20 6","pages":"Pages 875-889"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145792195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2025.10.004
Thamer H. Alghamdi MD , Yara A. Alghamdi , Fadya Y. Alghamdi , Lujain M. Alzahrani , Joud S. Alghamdi , Ghadi M. Alghamdi , Naif A. Alharthi
Background
The choice between open and laparoscopic techniques for incisional hernia repair remains debated in surgical practice. This systematic review and meta-analysis was aimed at comparing the clinical outcomes of open versus laparoscopic incisional hernia repair in adults, with a focus on postoperative complications, recurrence, recovery, and patient satisfaction.
Methods
A comprehensive literature search was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing open and laparoscopic repair of incisional hernias were included. The main outcomes were postoperative complications (wound infection, hematoma, seroma, ileus, and sepsis), recurrence rates, time to recovery, and quality of life. A total of 726 patients from studies conducted in Europe and the United States were included: 365 in the open surgery group and 361 in the laparoscopic group.
Results
The meta-analysis revealed no statistically significant differences between techniques regarding overall postoperative complications, recurrence rates, or quality-of-life scores. Although the rate of wound infection and the incidence of ileus were slightly lower in the laparoscopic group than the open surgery group, the differences were not statistically significant. Additionally, the recurrence rates were comparable between approaches (risk ratio = 1.00, 95 % CI: 0.64–1.57). However, seroma formation exhibited significant heterogeneity across studies. Laparoscopic repair was associated with faster recovery and better long-term quality of life, particularly physical and emotional well-being.
Conclusion
This systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrated no significant differences in primary clinical outcomes between open and laparoscopic incisional hernia repair techniques. Both approaches had comparable complication and recurrence rates. However, laparoscopic repair might provide advantages of faster recovery and improved postoperative quality of life, and therefore is a viable alternative to open repair for suitable candidates. Further studies with larger sample sizes and standardized protocols are necessary to confirm these findings.
{"title":"Open versus laparoscopic techniques for incisional hernia repair: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","authors":"Thamer H. Alghamdi MD , Yara A. Alghamdi , Fadya Y. Alghamdi , Lujain M. Alzahrani , Joud S. Alghamdi , Ghadi M. Alghamdi , Naif A. Alharthi","doi":"10.1016/j.jtumed.2025.10.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtumed.2025.10.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The choice between open and laparoscopic techniques for incisional hernia repair remains debated in surgical practice. This systematic review and meta-analysis was aimed at comparing the clinical outcomes of open versus laparoscopic incisional hernia repair in adults, with a focus on postoperative complications, recurrence, recovery, and patient satisfaction.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A comprehensive literature search was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing open and laparoscopic repair of incisional hernias were included. The main outcomes were postoperative complications (wound infection, hematoma, seroma, ileus, and sepsis), recurrence rates, time to recovery, and quality of life. A total of 726 patients from studies conducted in Europe and the United States were included: 365 in the open surgery group and 361 in the laparoscopic group.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The meta-analysis revealed no statistically significant differences between techniques regarding overall postoperative complications, recurrence rates, or quality-of-life scores. Although the rate of wound infection and the incidence of ileus were slightly lower in the laparoscopic group than the open surgery group, the differences were not statistically significant. Additionally, the recurrence rates were comparable between approaches (risk ratio = 1.00, 95 % CI: 0.64–1.57). However, seroma formation exhibited significant heterogeneity across studies. Laparoscopic repair was associated with faster recovery and better long-term quality of life, particularly physical and emotional well-being.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrated no significant differences in primary clinical outcomes between open and laparoscopic incisional hernia repair techniques. Both approaches had comparable complication and recurrence rates. However, laparoscopic repair might provide advantages of faster recovery and improved postoperative quality of life, and therefore is a viable alternative to open repair for suitable candidates. Further studies with larger sample sizes and standardized protocols are necessary to confirm these findings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences","volume":"20 6","pages":"Pages 773-783"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145792194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2025.10.008
Ima Sukmawati MPH , Heri Ariyanto M.Kep , Heni Heryani M.KM , Sri W. Sundari M.Keb , Miftahul Falah PhD , Dika Rhousnaka BSN , Yuyun Rahayu M.Kep , Fitri Arofiati PhD , Anna L. Yusuf M.Farm , Sri Susilawati M.Keb , Henri Setiawan PhD
Objective
This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of spirulina supplementation in improving growth parameter outcomes among malnourished children.
Methods
This study followed a systematic review and meta-analysis design. The inclusion criteria were experimental spirulina supplementation studies in children with chronic malnutrition, which were published in English between 2006 and 2025. Studies involving adult participants, and literature reviews, systematic reviews, and comprehensive reviews were excluded. A comprehensive search was conducted across five electronic databases: PubMed, Scopus, Wiley, ProQuest, and Emerald Insight. The quality of the included studies was assessed with the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist. Data were quantitatively synthesized in Review Manager version 5.4. This review was prospectively registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251069286).
Results
Seven studies in 1335 participants met the inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis indicated significant increases in weight (SMD = 0.33, 95 % CI [0.22, 0.45], p < 0.00001, I2 = 95 %) and MUAC (SMD = 0.71, 95 % CI [0.31, 1.11], p = 0.0005, I2 = 67 %), but no significant effect on height (SMD = −0.25, 95 % CI [−1.36, 0.85], p = 0.65, I2 = 98 %), among children receiving spirulina supplementation.
Conclusion
Spirulina supplementation was found to have significant positive effects on weight and MUAC in children with chronic malnutrition, but no significant improvement in height. These findings support spirulina's potential role as a complementary intervention in nutritional programs targeting undernourished children.
目的探讨补充螺旋藻对改善营养不良儿童生长指标的效果。方法采用系统评价和荟萃分析设计。纳入标准是针对慢性营养不良儿童的实验性螺旋藻补充研究，这些研究在2006年至2025年间以英文发表。排除了涉及成人受试者的研究、文献综述、系统综述和综合综述。在PubMed、Scopus、Wiley、ProQuest和Emerald Insight五个电子数据库中进行了全面的搜索。纳入研究的质量用乔安娜布里格斯研究所关键评估清单进行评估。数据在Review Manager version 5.4中定量合成。本综述在PROSPERO前瞻性注册（CRD420251069286）。结果7项研究1335名受试者符合纳入标准。荟萃分析显示，补充螺旋藻的儿童体重（SMD = 0.33, 95% CI [0.22, 0.45], p < 0.00001, I2 = 95%）和MUAC （SMD = 0.71, 95% CI [0.31, 1.11], p = 0.0005, I2 = 67%）显著增加，但对身高（SMD = - 0.25, 95% CI [- 1.36, 0.85], p = 0.65, I2 = 98%）无显著影响。结论补充螺旋藻对慢性营养不良儿童的体重和MUAC有显著的积极影响，但对身高没有显著的改善。这些发现支持螺旋藻在营养不良儿童营养计划中作为补充性干预的潜在作用。
{"title":"Effects of spirulina supplementation on growth parameters in malnourished children: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Ima Sukmawati MPH , Heri Ariyanto M.Kep , Heni Heryani M.KM , Sri W. Sundari M.Keb , Miftahul Falah PhD , Dika Rhousnaka BSN , Yuyun Rahayu M.Kep , Fitri Arofiati PhD , Anna L. Yusuf M.Farm , Sri Susilawati M.Keb , Henri Setiawan PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jtumed.2025.10.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtumed.2025.10.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of spirulina supplementation in improving growth parameter outcomes among malnourished children.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study followed a systematic review and meta-analysis design. The inclusion criteria were experimental spirulina supplementation studies in children with chronic malnutrition, which were published in English between 2006 and 2025. Studies involving adult participants, and literature reviews, systematic reviews, and comprehensive reviews were excluded. A comprehensive search was conducted across five electronic databases: PubMed, Scopus, Wiley, ProQuest, and Emerald Insight. The quality of the included studies was assessed with the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist. Data were quantitatively synthesized in Review Manager version 5.4. This review was prospectively registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251069286).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Seven studies in 1335 participants met the inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis indicated significant increases in weight (SMD = 0.33, 95 % CI [0.22, 0.45], <em>p</em> < 0.00001, I<sup>2</sup> = 95 %) and MUAC (SMD = 0.71, 95 % CI [0.31, 1.11], <em>p</em> = 0.0005, I<sup>2</sup> = 67 %), but no significant effect on height (SMD = −0.25, 95 % CI [−1.36, 0.85], <em>p</em> = 0.65, I<sup>2</sup> = 98 %), among children receiving spirulina supplementation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Spirulina supplementation was found to have significant positive effects on weight and MUAC in children with chronic malnutrition, but no significant improvement in height. These findings support spirulina's potential role as a complementary intervention in nutritional programs targeting undernourished children.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences","volume":"20 6","pages":"Pages 809-819"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145792221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is the most common type of head and neck cancer, and its development is closely linked to Epstein–Barr virus (EBV). Notably, changes in the viral Latent Membrane Protein 1 (LMP-1) gene, such as the absence of the Xhol restriction site, contribute to its oncogenic properties. This study was to explore the connection between the XhoI site and NPC progression, with the goal of enhancing early diagnosis and treatment strategies.
Methods
Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues from NPC patients were collected, and using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP-PCR), variants of the EBV LMP-1 XhoI gene were identified, followed by amplification of the BamHI-W gene.
Results
EBV DNA was detected in all NPC tissue samples via amplification of the BamHI-W region, confirming widespread EBV association in the Jordanian cohort. Wild-type (WT) XhoI variant was identified in 82.86 % of NPC cases, whereas no samples exhibited the mutant-type (MT) XhoI variant, as substantiated by Sanger Sequencing of representative cases. Statistical analysis revealed no significant correlation between the presence of WT XhoI and variables such as patient sex, age, tissue origin, NPC subtype, or disease stage. Notably, most samples from stage III/IV harbored the WT XhoI variant. Overall, BamHI-W gene detection proved to be a more consistent molecular marker than LMP-1 XhoI in this population, and no relationship was established between LMP-1 XhoI mutation and NPC development
Conclusion
These findings primarily highlight the epidemiological association between EBV and NPC in Jordanian patients, rather than demonstrating immediate clinical applicability for screening or early diagnosis. The absence of the LMP-1 XhoI deletion in this cohort underscores significant geographic and ethnic heterogeneity in the prevalence of this genetic alteration among NPC patients.
{"title":"Exploring the absence of LMP1-XhoI deletion in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients: A genetic perspective","authors":"Yaqeen Rjoub MSc , Mai Abusalah PhD , Aseel Al-Hussein MSc , Khaled Al-Qaoud PhD , Anwar Rjoop MD , Yasmin AlSaidat MD , Moayad A. Rjoub MD , Manal Abusalah MSc , Naveed Ahmed PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jtumed.2025.11.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtumed.2025.11.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is the most common type of head and neck cancer, and its development is closely linked to Epstein–Barr virus (EBV). Notably, changes in the viral Latent Membrane Protein 1 (LMP-1) gene, such as the absence of the Xhol restriction site, contribute to its oncogenic properties. This study was to explore the connection between the XhoI site and NPC progression, with the goal of enhancing early diagnosis and treatment strategies.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues from NPC patients were collected, and using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP-PCR), variants of the EBV LMP-1 XhoI gene were identified, followed by amplification of the BamHI-W gene.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>EBV DNA was detected in all NPC tissue samples via amplification of the BamHI-W region, confirming widespread EBV association in the Jordanian cohort. Wild-type (WT) XhoI variant was identified in 82.86 % of NPC cases, whereas no samples exhibited the mutant-type (MT) XhoI variant, as substantiated by Sanger Sequencing of representative cases. Statistical analysis revealed no significant correlation between the presence of WT XhoI and variables such as patient sex, age, tissue origin, NPC subtype, or disease stage. Notably, most samples from stage III/IV harbored the WT XhoI variant. Overall, BamHI-W gene detection proved to be a more consistent molecular marker than LMP-1 XhoI in this population, and no relationship was established between LMP-1 XhoI mutation and NPC development</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These findings primarily highlight the epidemiological association between EBV and NPC in Jordanian patients, rather than demonstrating immediate clinical applicability for screening or early diagnosis. The absence of the LMP-1 XhoI deletion in this cohort underscores significant geographic and ethnic heterogeneity in the prevalence of this genetic alteration among NPC patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences","volume":"20 6","pages":"Pages 865-874"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145792222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2025.11.002
Shyam Sundar Sah MD , Abhishek Kumbhalwar PhD
{"title":"Re: “Quality of Life among patients with epilepsy in the western region of KSA: A cross-sectional study”","authors":"Shyam Sundar Sah MD , Abhishek Kumbhalwar PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jtumed.2025.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtumed.2025.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences","volume":"20 6","pages":"Pages 831-832"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145792223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2025.11.005
Hisham S. Alshadfan MSc , Hyder O. Mirghani MD , Tariq K. Alrasheed MD , Muhammad N.H. Abdullah PhD
أهداف البحث
يُعَدّ الميتفورمين العلاج الأوّل لداء السكري من النوع الثاني، ويتوافر في شكلين دوائيين هما سريع المفعول (IR) وممتد المفعول (XR)، مع ندرة البيانات التي تقارن بين تأثيرهما على ضبط سكر الدم ومقاومة الإنسولين لدى المرضى السعوديين. تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تقييم تأثير ميتفورمين سريع المفعول مقابل ممتد المفعول على الهيموغلوبين الغليكوزيلاتي (HbA1c)، وسكر الدم الصائم (FBG)، والإنسولين الصائم (FSI)، ومقاومة الإنسولين (HOMA-IR) لدى مرضى سعوديين تم تشخيصهم حديثًا بداء السكري من النوع الثاني.
طرق البحث
أُجريت دراسة أترابية مستقبلية لمدة 6 أشهر في مركز سعودي للسكري، شملت 119 مريضًا بالغًا تم تشخيصهم حديثًا بداء السكري من النوع الثاني (62 مريضًا يتلقون الميتفورمين سريع المفعول، و57 يتلقون الميتفورمين ممتد المفعول). جرى قياس HbA1c وFBG وFSI وحساب HOMA-IR عند خط الأساس وبعد 6 أشهر من المتابعة. تم تحليل التغيرات داخل كل مجموعة، ثم مقارنة النتائج بين المجموعتين باستخدام الاختبارات الإحصائية المناسبة مع ضبط الفروق في القيم الأساسية.
النتائج
حَسَّن الشكلان الدوائيان ضبط سكر الدم بصورة ذات دلالة إحصائية مقارنة بخط الأساس. انخفض متوسط HbA1c من 7.3% إلى نحو 6.5% في مجموعة الميتفورمين ممتد المفعول، مقابل انخفاض من نحو 7.6% إلى 7.2% في مجموعة الميتفورمين سريع المفعول، مع تحقيق الميتفورمين ممتد المفعول انخفاضًا أكبر في المتوسط المعدَّل لـ HbA1c بنسبة 31% مقارنة بسريع المفعول (p<0.05). تحسّن FBG في كلتا المجموعتين دون وجود فرق معنوي بينهما (p=0.111). وعلى الرغم من التفوق في خفض مؤشرات ضبط السكر مع الميتفورمين ممتد المفعول، فقد تحسنت مستويات الإنسولين الصائم (FSI) ومقاومة الإنسولين (HOMA-IR) بشكل ملحوظ في كلتا المجموعتين دون فروق معنوية بينهما (p>0.05).
الاستنتاجات
أظهر الميتفورمين ممتد المفعول خفضًا أفضل في مؤشرات ضبط سكر الدم على المدى البعيد مقارنة بالميتفورمين سريع المفعول لدى المرضى السعوديين المشخَّصين حديثًا بداء السكري من النوع الثاني، في حين حقق الشكﻼن الدوائيان تحسنًا متقاربًا في مستويات الإنسولين ومقاومة الإنسولين. قد تعكس الفاعلية المحسَّنة للميتفورمين ممتد المفعول في ضبط سكر الدم دور الالتزام الأفضل بالعلاج وآلية الإطلاق المستمر للدواء.
{"title":"Efficacy of immediate-release versus extended-release metformin on glycemic control and insulin resistance in Saudi patients with type 2 diabetes: A prospective cohort study","authors":"Hisham S. Alshadfan MSc , Hyder O. Mirghani MD , Tariq K. Alrasheed MD , Muhammad N.H. Abdullah PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jtumed.2025.11.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtumed.2025.11.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>أهداف البحث</h3><div>يُعَدّ الميتفورمين العلاج الأوّل لداء السكري من النوع الثاني، ويتوافر في شكلين دوائيين هما سريع المفعول (IR) وممتد المفعول (XR)، مع ندرة البيانات التي تقارن بين تأثيرهما على ضبط سكر الدم ومقاومة الإنسولين لدى المرضى السعوديين. تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تقييم تأثير ميتفورمين سريع المفعول مقابل ممتد المفعول على الهيموغلوبين الغليكوزيلاتي (HbA1c)، وسكر الدم الصائم (FBG)، والإنسولين الصائم (FSI)، ومقاومة الإنسولين (HOMA-IR) لدى مرضى سعوديين تم تشخيصهم حديثًا بداء السكري من النوع الثاني.</div></div><div><h3>طرق البحث</h3><div>أُجريت دراسة أترابية مستقبلية لمدة 6 أشهر في مركز سعودي للسكري، شملت 119 مريضًا بالغًا تم تشخيصهم حديثًا بداء السكري من النوع الثاني (62 مريضًا يتلقون الميتفورمين سريع المفعول، و57 يتلقون الميتفورمين ممتد المفعول). جرى قياس HbA1c وFBG وFSI وحساب HOMA-IR عند خط الأساس وبعد 6 أشهر من المتابعة. تم تحليل التغيرات داخل كل مجموعة، ثم مقارنة النتائج بين المجموعتين باستخدام الاختبارات الإحصائية المناسبة مع ضبط الفروق في القيم الأساسية.</div></div><div><h3>النتائج</h3><div>حَسَّن الشكلان الدوائيان ضبط سكر الدم بصورة ذات دلالة إحصائية مقارنة بخط الأساس. انخفض متوسط HbA1c من 7.3% إلى نحو 6.5% في مجموعة الميتفورمين ممتد المفعول، مقابل انخفاض من نحو 7.6% إلى 7.2% في مجموعة الميتفورمين سريع المفعول، مع تحقيق الميتفورمين ممتد المفعول انخفاضًا أكبر في المتوسط المعدَّل لـ HbA1c بنسبة 31% مقارنة بسريع المفعول (p<0.05). تحسّن FBG في كلتا المجموعتين دون وجود فرق معنوي بينهما (p=0.111). وعلى الرغم من التفوق في خفض مؤشرات ضبط السكر مع الميتفورمين ممتد المفعول، فقد تحسنت مستويات الإنسولين الصائم (FSI) ومقاومة الإنسولين (HOMA-IR) بشكل ملحوظ في كلتا المجموعتين دون فروق معنوية بينهما (p>0.05).</div></div><div><h3>الاستنتاجات</h3><div>أظهر الميتفورمين ممتد المفعول خفضًا أفضل في مؤشرات ضبط سكر الدم على المدى البعيد مقارنة بالميتفورمين سريع المفعول لدى المرضى السعوديين المشخَّصين حديثًا بداء السكري من النوع الثاني، في حين حقق الشكﻼن الدوائيان تحسنًا متقاربًا في مستويات الإنسولين ومقاومة الإنسولين. قد تعكس الفاعلية المحسَّنة للميتفورمين ممتد المفعول في ضبط سكر الدم دور الالتزام الأفضل بالعلاج وآلية الإطلاق المستمر للدواء.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences","volume":"20 6","pages":"Pages 835-845"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145792192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2025.10.007
Kadek Gede Putra Wibawa DDS , Supriatno PhD , Juni Handajani PhD
Objectives
The incidence of tongue cancer, characterized by an aggressive nature, is rising annually in both Indonesia and globally. A molecular factor related to human tongue carcinoma is the high expression of long non-coding RNA 673 (LINC00673), which is associated with poor survival rates and larger tumor sizes. To address the challenge of poor outcomes, antisense therapy is a targeted method designed to degrade LINC00673 through the activity of RNAase-H1. Therefore, this study evaluated the potential of LINC00673 antisense oligonucleotide inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis in human tongue cancer cells (H357).
Methods
H357 cells were transfected with LINC00673 antisense, sense, and scramble control oligonucleotide (SCO). Cell proliferation was assessed using the methylthiazol tetrazolium assay and apoptosis based on acridine orange–ethidium bromide staining.
Results
The results showed that H357 cells treated with antisense oligonucleotide exhibited significantly reduced proliferation compared with those treated using the sense oligonucleotide, SCO, transfection only, and negative control groups at the same time points and concentrations. Apoptosis analysis showed that the cells treated with antisense oligonucleotide exhibited prominent orange-red fluorescence and apoptotic morphological changes, whereas cells in the control groups predominantly retained green fluorescence, showing their viability.
Conclusions
LINC00673 antisense oligonucleotide treatment significantly inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in human tongue cancer cells.
{"title":"Potential antisense oligonucleotide targeting LINC00673 on proliferation and apoptosis in tongue squamous cell carcinoma","authors":"Kadek Gede Putra Wibawa DDS , Supriatno PhD , Juni Handajani PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jtumed.2025.10.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtumed.2025.10.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The incidence of tongue cancer, characterized by an aggressive nature, is rising annually in both Indonesia and globally. A molecular factor related to human tongue carcinoma is the high expression of long non-coding RNA 673 (LINC00673), which is associated with poor survival rates and larger tumor sizes. To address the challenge of poor outcomes, antisense therapy is a targeted method designed to degrade LINC00673 through the activity of RNAase-H1. Therefore, this study evaluated the potential of LINC00673 antisense oligonucleotide inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis in human tongue cancer cells (H357).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>H357 cells were transfected with LINC00673 antisense, sense, and scramble control oligonucleotide (SCO). Cell proliferation was assessed using the methylthiazol tetrazolium assay and apoptosis based on acridine orange–ethidium bromide staining.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The results showed that H357 cells treated with antisense oligonucleotide exhibited significantly reduced proliferation compared with those treated using the sense oligonucleotide, SCO, transfection only, and negative control groups at the same time points and concentrations. Apoptosis analysis showed that the cells treated with antisense oligonucleotide exhibited prominent orange-red fluorescence and apoptotic morphological changes, whereas cells in the control groups predominantly retained green fluorescence, showing their viability.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>LINC00673 antisense oligonucleotide treatment significantly inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in human tongue cancer cells.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences","volume":"20 6","pages":"Pages 802-808"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145792187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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