{"title":":The Hitler Conspiracies","authors":"S. Remy","doi":"10.1086/724616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/724616","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46828,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48895491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":":Invisible Enlighteners: The Jewish Merchants of Modena, from the Renaissance to the Emancipation","authors":"C. Tazzara","doi":"10.1086/724625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/724625","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46828,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45013846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
* I would like to thank Heather Perry for helping me to conceptualize this essay and providing useful references on the “new” military history and especially the world wars of the twentieth century, and Jennifer Heuer for providing me with astute edits and suggestions on an earlier draft. This essay is dedicated to thememory of Katherine Aaslestad, a pioneer in combining cultural and military approaches to the Age of Revolution, who passed away in 2021. Katherine was a model scholar and mentor who helped me (and many others) to navigate this field, and she is much missed. Recent books reviewed in this essay include Walter Bruyère-Ostells, Benoît Pouget, and Michel Signoli, eds., Des chairs et des larmes: Combattre, souffrir, mourir dans les guerres de la Révolution et de l’Empire, 1792–1815 (Aix-en-Provence: Presses Universitaires de Provence, 2020), pp. 272; Beatrice De Graaf, Fighting Terror after Napoleon: How Europe Became Secure after 1815 (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2020), pp. xii1506, $39.99 (cloth), $32.00 (e-book); Beatrice De Graaf, Ido de Haan, and Brian Vick, eds., Securing Europe after Napoleon: 1815 and the New European Security Culture (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2019), pp. x1316, $105.00; Thomas Dodman,What Nostalgia Was: War, Empire, and the Time of a Deadly Emotion (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2018), pp. xii1276, $113.00 (cloth), $38.00 (paper), $37.99 (e-book); Alan Forrest, The Death of the French Atlantic: Trade, War, and Slavery in the Age of Revolution (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2020), pp. 352, $53.00; Mark Hewitson, Absolute War: Violence and Mass Warfare in the German Lands, 1792–1820 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017), pp. xviii1298, $100.00; Katie Hornstein, Picturing War in France, 1792– 1856 (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2017), pp. 208, $76.00 (cloth), $70.00 (e-book); Nick Mansfield, Soldiers as Citizens: Popular Politics and the NineteenthCenturyBritishMilitary, Studies in Labor History (Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2019), pp. 264, $130.00 (cloth), $49.99 (paper); Alexander Mikaberidze, The Napoleonic Wars: A Global History (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2020), pp. 960, $41.95; Satish Padiyar, Philip Shaw, and Philippa Simpson, eds., Visual Culture and the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars (London: Routledge, 2017), pp. 264, $180.00 (cloth), $52.95 (paper); Christy Pichichero, The Military Enlightenment: War and Culture in the French Empire from Louis XIV to Napoleon (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2017), pp. xi1318, $53.95 (cloth), $27.95 (paper), $18.99 (e-book).
*我要感谢Heather Perry帮助我将这篇文章概念化，并为“新”军事史，特别是20世纪的世界大战提供了有用的参考资料，以及Jennifer Heuer为我早期的草稿提供了精明的编辑和建议。这篇文章是为了纪念凯瑟琳·阿斯斯塔德，她是将文化和军事方法结合起来研究革命时代的先驱，于2021年去世。凯瑟琳是一位模范学者和导师，她帮助我(和其他许多人)在这个领域导航，我们非常想念她。本文最近评论的书籍包括Walter bruyre - ostells, beno t Pouget和Michel Signoli主编。， Des chairs et Des larmes: Combattre, souffrir, mourir dans les guerres de la r revolution and de l 'Empire, 1792-1815(普罗旺斯艾克斯:普罗旺斯大学出版社，2020)，第272页;比阿特丽斯·德·格拉夫，《拿破仑之后的反恐:1815年后欧洲如何变得安全》(纽约:剑桥大学出版社，2020年)，第xii1506页，39.99美元(布面)，32.00美元(电子书);Beatrice De Graaf, Ido De Haan和Brian Vick主编。《拿破仑之后的欧洲安全:1815年与欧洲新安全文化》(剑桥:剑桥大学出版社，2019)，页x1316， $105.00;托马斯·多德曼:《怀旧是什么:战争、帝国和致命情感的时代》(芝加哥:芝加哥大学出版社，2018)，第xii1276页，113.00美元(布面)，38.00美元(纸质)，37.99美元(电子书);艾伦·福雷斯特，《法属大西洋之死:革命时代的贸易、战争和奴隶制》(牛津:牛津大学出版社，2020年)，352页，53.00美元;马克·休威森:《绝对战争:德意志土地上的暴力与大规模战争，1792-1820》(牛津:牛津大学出版社，2017)，第xviii1298页，100美元;凯蒂·霍恩斯坦，《描绘法国战争，1792 - 1856》(康涅狄格州纽黑文:耶鲁大学出版社，2017)，第208页，76美元(布面)，70美元(电子书);尼克·曼斯菲尔德，士兵作为公民:流行政治和十九世纪的英国军事，劳工史研究(利物浦:利物浦大学出版社，2019)，第264页，$130.00(布)，$49.99(纸);亚历山大·米卡贝里泽:《拿破仑战争:全球史》(牛津:牛津大学出版社，2020)，第960页，41.95美元;萨蒂什·帕迪亚，菲利普·肖，菲利帕·辛普森编。《视觉文化与革命和拿破仑战争》(伦敦:劳特利奇出版社，2017)，264页，180.00美元(布面)，52.95美元(纸面);《军事启蒙:从路易十四到拿破仑的法兰西帝国的战争与文化》(伊萨卡，纽约:康奈尔大学出版社，2017)，第1318页，53.95美元(布)，27.95美元(纸)，18.99美元(电子书)。
{"title":"The New “New” Military History: Recent Work on War in the Age of Revolutions","authors":"C. Haynes","doi":"10.1086/724929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/724929","url":null,"abstract":"* I would like to thank Heather Perry for helping me to conceptualize this essay and providing useful references on the “new” military history and especially the world wars of the twentieth century, and Jennifer Heuer for providing me with astute edits and suggestions on an earlier draft. This essay is dedicated to thememory of Katherine Aaslestad, a pioneer in combining cultural and military approaches to the Age of Revolution, who passed away in 2021. Katherine was a model scholar and mentor who helped me (and many others) to navigate this field, and she is much missed. Recent books reviewed in this essay include Walter Bruyère-Ostells, Benoît Pouget, and Michel Signoli, eds., Des chairs et des larmes: Combattre, souffrir, mourir dans les guerres de la Révolution et de l’Empire, 1792–1815 (Aix-en-Provence: Presses Universitaires de Provence, 2020), pp. 272; Beatrice De Graaf, Fighting Terror after Napoleon: How Europe Became Secure after 1815 (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2020), pp. xii1506, $39.99 (cloth), $32.00 (e-book); Beatrice De Graaf, Ido de Haan, and Brian Vick, eds., Securing Europe after Napoleon: 1815 and the New European Security Culture (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2019), pp. x1316, $105.00; Thomas Dodman,What Nostalgia Was: War, Empire, and the Time of a Deadly Emotion (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2018), pp. xii1276, $113.00 (cloth), $38.00 (paper), $37.99 (e-book); Alan Forrest, The Death of the French Atlantic: Trade, War, and Slavery in the Age of Revolution (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2020), pp. 352, $53.00; Mark Hewitson, Absolute War: Violence and Mass Warfare in the German Lands, 1792–1820 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017), pp. xviii1298, $100.00; Katie Hornstein, Picturing War in France, 1792– 1856 (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2017), pp. 208, $76.00 (cloth), $70.00 (e-book); Nick Mansfield, Soldiers as Citizens: Popular Politics and the NineteenthCenturyBritishMilitary, Studies in Labor History (Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2019), pp. 264, $130.00 (cloth), $49.99 (paper); Alexander Mikaberidze, The Napoleonic Wars: A Global History (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2020), pp. 960, $41.95; Satish Padiyar, Philip Shaw, and Philippa Simpson, eds., Visual Culture and the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars (London: Routledge, 2017), pp. 264, $180.00 (cloth), $52.95 (paper); Christy Pichichero, The Military Enlightenment: War and Culture in the French Empire from Louis XIV to Napoleon (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2017), pp. xi1318, $53.95 (cloth), $27.95 (paper), $18.99 (e-book).","PeriodicalId":46828,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern History","volume":"95 1","pages":"385 - 415"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44918868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":":Estates and Constitution: The Parliament in Eighteenth-Century Hungary","authors":"Balázs A. Szelényi","doi":"10.1086/724645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/724645","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46828,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43181358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":":The Rebellion of the Daughters: Jewish Women Runaways in Habsburg Galicia","authors":"H. Freidenreich","doi":"10.1086/724607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/724607","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46828,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47859440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":":Freedom: An Unruly History","authors":"R. Whatmore","doi":"10.1086/724636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/724636","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46828,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47990549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":":A Demon-Haunted Land: Witches, Wonder Doctors, and the Ghosts of the Past in Post-WWII Germany","authors":"M. Ruff","doi":"10.1086/724642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/724642","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46828,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41816335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":":Foundations: How the Built Environment Made Twentieth-Century Britain","authors":"W. Whyte","doi":"10.1086/724654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/724654","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46828,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43948829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":":Cities of Splendour in the Shaping of Sephardi History","authors":"Nimrod Gaatone","doi":"10.1086/724621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/724621","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46828,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45956390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This essay surveys the reception of Herodotus’s Histories from the later eighteenth to the mid-nineteenth centuries, showing how the increasingly vigorous critique of his first four “oriental” books made the continued practice of older forms of universal history embarrassing. Drawing a line between Herodotus’s opening and later books did not begin in the German states, but the distinction was fully developed there in the 1820s in the wake of a major debate over Friedrich Creuzer’s Symbolik und Mythologie der alten Völker, besonders der Griechen. Creuzer’s work relied heavily on information in Herodotus’s first books to demonstrate its claims about the migration of ideas and symbols from ancient India and Egypt to Greece. The result of this debate, I argue, was not only to label Creuzerian universal histories speculative and reactionary but also to turn Herodotus—who in the eighteenth century had been treated as an essential, if ever problematic, interlocutor—into a naive and untrustworthy child. Those who wanted to be counted as “scientific” scholars were taught to avoid him, or simply to read his Histories as a heroic story of Greece’s defeat of the “slavish” Orient. Thucydides was to be preferred as the model for objective, “mature” historical writing. It is rare that we consider carefully the contributions of ancient historiography to our profession’s methods and norms. This essay, thus, seeks to break new ground by demonstrating just how critical this field has been in the making of what we regard today as modern historical scholarship.
本文调查了18世纪末至19世纪中期希罗多德历史的接受情况，展示了对其前四本“东方”书籍日益激烈的批判如何使旧形式的普遍历史的持续实践变得尴尬。在希罗多德的开篇和后来的书之间划清界限并不是从德国各州开始的，但在19世纪20年代，随着弗里德里希·克鲁泽（Friedrich Creuzer）的《奥滕·Völker的象征与神话》（Symbolik and Mythologie der alten Vörker，besonders der Griechen）引发的一场重大辩论之后，这种区别在那里得到了充分的发展。克鲁泽的作品在很大程度上依赖于希罗多德第一本书中的信息来证明其关于思想和符号从古印度和埃及迁移到希腊的主张。我认为，这场辩论的结果不仅是给克鲁兹普世史贴上了投机和反动的标签，而且还把希罗多德变成了一个天真和不可信的孩子。希罗多德在18世纪曾被视为一个必要的、甚至有问题的对话者。那些想被视为“科学”学者的人被教导要避开他，或者只是把他的《历史》解读为希腊击败“奴隶”东方的英雄故事。修昔底德被认为是客观的、“成熟的”历史写作的典范。我们很少仔细考虑古代史学对我们专业方法和规范的贡献。因此，本文试图通过证明这一领域在我们今天所认为的现代历史学术的形成过程中是多么重要来开拓新的领域。
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