Sustainability is designed in a long-run perspective, and it is based on the synergy of the triple factors, i e , economic, social, and natural environment Since each of these factors is associated with uncertainty, it results that sustainability risk management is a complex construct with a powerful impact on the managerial strategic thinking and decision-making The paper shows how, starting from a solid analysis of the sustainable and responsible investment, it is feasible to develop a natural and flexible integration of the sustainability principles in active investment strategies for the emerging capital markets By using data extracted from the Bloomberg Professional platform for the period 2010-2020, and considering consolidated risk measurement methodologies, the authors reveal that the companies included in the Euro STOXX Sustainable Index have a lower level of risk than the other companies contained only in the STOXX 600 index
{"title":"Sustainability Risk Management of Firms","authors":"C. Bratianu","doi":"10.24818/ea/2020/55/635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24818/ea/2020/55/635","url":null,"abstract":"Sustainability is designed in a long-run perspective, and it is based on the synergy of the triple factors, i e , economic, social, and natural environment Since each of these factors is associated with uncertainty, it results that sustainability risk management is a complex construct with a powerful impact on the managerial strategic thinking and decision-making The paper shows how, starting from a solid analysis of the sustainable and responsible investment, it is feasible to develop a natural and flexible integration of the sustainability principles in active investment strategies for the emerging capital markets By using data extracted from the Bloomberg Professional platform for the period 2010-2020, and considering consolidated risk measurement methodologies, the authors reveal that the companies included in the Euro STOXX Sustainable Index have a lower level of risk than the other companies contained only in the STOXX 600 index","PeriodicalId":46837,"journal":{"name":"Amfiteatru Economic","volume":"22 1","pages":"635-635"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47242904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The current global economic development faces social and environmental challenges, such as climate change and environmental pollution, which requires firms to be more socially responsible. Due to the fast-growing corporate social responsibility (CSR) consciousness and concerns of individual investors in the stock market, the newly listed firms are likely to face greater legitimacy pressure from stakeholders in China. This institutional environment is quite suitable to explore how public listing influences firms' CSR performance and its potential mechanism. Using a sample of Chinese IPO firms for the years 2012-2016 and a multiple regression model controlling firm fixed effect and time fixed effect, we find that there is a significant and sustained increase in CSR performance after IPO. Further analyses also show that this increase in CSR performance is more pronounced in heavily polluting industries, especially at firms that are covered by more securities analysts, and more media. Overall, these findings suggest that CSR can be served as an instrument to manage sustainable development risk for IPO firms to meet the social and environmental expectations of various stakeholders. By highlighting the prominent role that public listing plays in firms’ CSR decisions, this study draws the regulator’s attention to promoting sustainable economic development in other developing countries like China, which lack mature CSR culture and institutional environment.
{"title":"Public Listing and Corporate Social Responsibility from a Sustainability Risk Management Perspective","authors":"Ruitao Li, Fang Hu","doi":"10.24818/ea/2020/55/808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24818/ea/2020/55/808","url":null,"abstract":"The current global economic development faces social and environmental challenges, such as climate change and environmental pollution, which requires firms to be more socially responsible. Due to the fast-growing corporate social responsibility (CSR) consciousness and concerns of individual investors in the stock market, the newly listed firms are likely to face greater legitimacy pressure from stakeholders in China. This institutional environment is quite suitable to explore how public listing influences firms' CSR performance and its potential mechanism. Using a sample of Chinese IPO firms for the years 2012-2016 and a multiple regression model controlling firm fixed effect and time fixed effect, we find that there is a significant and sustained increase in CSR performance after IPO. Further analyses also show that this increase in CSR performance is more pronounced in heavily polluting industries, especially at firms that are covered by more securities analysts, and more media. Overall, these findings suggest that CSR can be served as an instrument to manage sustainable development risk for IPO firms to meet the social and environmental expectations of various stakeholders. By highlighting the prominent role that public listing plays in firms’ CSR decisions, this study draws the regulator’s attention to promoting sustainable economic development in other developing countries like China, which lack mature CSR culture and institutional environment.","PeriodicalId":46837,"journal":{"name":"Amfiteatru Economic","volume":"22 1","pages":"808-808"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43254859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper investigates the efficiency of European universities in achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). We make use of newly published University Impact Rankings that account for SDGs, whereby institutions that achieved high scores are those that are, in addition to scientific research, putting more efforts in areas such as gender inequality, quality education for all, climate change, achieving peaceful societies and economic growth. In our empirical analysis, we adopt a dual approach. At a country level, we investigate efficiency of public expenditure on tertiary education, while at a university level we analyse the efficiency of the resources employed in achieving higher rankings (in terms of SDGs). Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) results indicate that, at a macro level, only three to four countries in our sample are fully efficient. They could, therefore, without changing government tertiary expenditures on education, produce about 20% better score on University impact rankings. At a micro level, only about 16 percent of universities is efficient. Their performance could be much improved, without increasing the inputs, especially in terms of supporting SDGs through cooperation with other countries, the promotion of best practices and the publication of data in cooperation with foreign authors.
{"title":"The Efficiency of Universities in Achieving Sustainable Development Goals","authors":"Lena Malešević Perović, Maja Mihaljević Kosor","doi":"10.24818/ea/2020/54/516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24818/ea/2020/54/516","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the efficiency of European universities in achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). We make use of newly published University Impact Rankings that account for SDGs, whereby institutions that achieved high scores are those that are, in addition to scientific research, putting more efforts in areas such as gender inequality, quality education for all, climate change, achieving peaceful societies and economic growth. In our empirical analysis, we adopt a dual approach. At a country level, we investigate efficiency of public expenditure on tertiary education, while at a university level we analyse the efficiency of the resources employed in achieving higher rankings (in terms of SDGs). Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) results indicate that, at a macro level, only three to four countries in our sample are fully efficient. They could, therefore, without changing government tertiary expenditures on education, produce about 20% better score on University impact rankings. At a micro level, only about 16 percent of universities is efficient. Their performance could be much improved, without increasing the inputs, especially in terms of supporting SDGs through cooperation with other countries, the promotion of best practices and the publication of data in cooperation with foreign authors.","PeriodicalId":46837,"journal":{"name":"Amfiteatru Economic","volume":"22 1","pages":"516-532"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2020-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42162534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shkoler Or, Israel Independent researcher, Aharon Tziner
Drawing on the recent locus and mechanism models of leadership (Eberly, Johnson, Hernandez & Avolio, 2013), the purpose of this paper is to begin to explore the role of leadership styles from two different loci standpoints – (1) dyadic-focused, transformational leadership; and (2) leader-focused, transactional leadership—as important antecedents to individual and organizational outcomes in the organizational context. Among employees in several organizations in Israel (N=265), we investigated the relationships between (1) several individual and organizational work outcomes (i.e., job engagement, work enjoyment); and (2) the two leadership styles (the predictors, namely, transformational and transactional leadership). In addition, we explored the roles of (3) a possible mediational mechanism through which we posited the leadership styles operate (i.e., work drive); and (4) a possible moderator (i.e., organization types). These associations were presented as a model that was both tested via multi-group moderation structural equation modeling (SEM) and through moderated–mediation analyses via competing models of demographical differences. The findings illustrated that both transformational and transactional leadership styles have a direct, positive influence on outcomes. However, with regard to the intermediary moderator and mediator variables, the results demonstrate varied and interesting relationships in current study, the indication being that each of the two leadership styles, when interfacing with unique combinations of moderator and mediator, produce outcomes specific to the leadership style. Important concepts, recommendations, and implications are discussed.
{"title":"Leadership Styles as Predictors of Work Attitudes: A Moderated–Mediation Link","authors":"Shkoler Or, Israel Independent researcher, Aharon Tziner","doi":"10.24818/EA/2019/53/164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24818/EA/2019/53/164","url":null,"abstract":"Drawing on the recent locus and mechanism models of leadership (Eberly, Johnson, Hernandez & Avolio, 2013), the purpose of this paper is to begin to explore the role of leadership styles from two different loci standpoints – (1) dyadic-focused, transformational leadership; and (2) leader-focused, transactional leadership—as important antecedents to individual and organizational outcomes in the organizational context. Among employees in several organizations in Israel (N=265), we investigated the relationships between (1) several individual and organizational work outcomes (i.e., job engagement, work enjoyment); and (2) the two leadership styles (the predictors, namely, transformational and transactional leadership). In addition, we explored the roles of (3) a possible mediational mechanism through which we posited the leadership styles operate (i.e., work drive); and (4) a possible moderator (i.e., organization types). These associations were presented as a model that was both tested via multi-group moderation structural equation modeling (SEM) and through moderated–mediation analyses via competing models of demographical differences. The findings illustrated that both transformational and transactional leadership styles have a direct, positive influence on outcomes. However, with regard to the intermediary moderator and mediator variables, the results demonstrate varied and interesting relationships in current study, the indication being that each of the two leadership styles, when interfacing with unique combinations of moderator and mediator, produce outcomes specific to the leadership style. Important concepts, recommendations, and implications are discussed.","PeriodicalId":46837,"journal":{"name":"Amfiteatru Economic","volume":"22 1","pages":"164-187"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41711710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The tendency of depletion of non-renewable resources and the environment’s continuous degradation have been considered in the last centuries acceptable as side effects for achieving the economic growth and satisfying the human needs in the conditions of demographic growth following an upward trend. An adequate response to all these challenges is related to increasing the share of green GDP in total GDP, to green procurement and to the large-scale promotion of circular economy. At EU level, there are appropriate legislation and programs and packages aimed at implementing green procurement and the circular economy. There are also "prize-winner" countries that have adopted National Green Procurement Plans before they became mandatory, countries that have found it harder to adopt this type of plans, but also countries that have not adopted National Green Procurement Plans such as Estonia, Greece, Hungary, Luxembourg and Romania. The article focuses on an analysis of the impact of national green procurement plans adoption on circular economy in the European Union member states for the period 2007-2018, with the help of an unrestricted VAR panel (PVAR), based on three hypotheses according to which the impact of these plans’ adoption is positive on economic growth, CO2 emissions and circular economy. Data taken from Eurostat and processed using E-Views 9 econometric software allowed the validation of research hypotheses, confirming the positive impact of the adoption and implementation of green procurement national plans on some significant indicators characterizing the circular economy, which is likely to encourage the generalization of concerns regarding the adoption of coherent public policies in all Member States.
{"title":"Green Procurement: Realities and Prospects","authors":"Vasile Dinu","doi":"10.24818/EA/2019/53/11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24818/EA/2019/53/11","url":null,"abstract":"The tendency of depletion of non-renewable resources and the environment’s continuous degradation have been considered in the last centuries acceptable as side effects for achieving the economic growth and satisfying the human needs in the conditions of demographic growth following an upward trend. An adequate response to all these challenges is related to increasing the share of green GDP in total GDP, to green procurement and to the large-scale promotion of circular economy. At EU level, there are appropriate legislation and programs and packages aimed at implementing green procurement and the circular economy. There are also \"prize-winner\" countries that have adopted National Green Procurement Plans before they became mandatory, countries that have found it harder to adopt this type of plans, but also countries that have not adopted National Green Procurement Plans such as Estonia, Greece, Hungary, Luxembourg and Romania. The article focuses on an analysis of the impact of national green procurement plans adoption on circular economy in the European Union member states for the period 2007-2018, with the help of an unrestricted VAR panel (PVAR), based on three hypotheses according to which the impact of these plans’ adoption is positive on economic growth, CO2 emissions and circular economy. Data taken from Eurostat and processed using E-Views 9 econometric software allowed the validation of research hypotheses, confirming the positive impact of the adoption and implementation of green procurement national plans on some significant indicators characterizing the circular economy, which is likely to encourage the generalization of concerns regarding the adoption of coherent public policies in all Member States.","PeriodicalId":46837,"journal":{"name":"Amfiteatru Economic","volume":"22 1","pages":"11-13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49331499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article explores the issue of managing green procurement at the level of small and medium-sized enterprises in developing countries. Green procurement remains a relatively new trend for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Therefore, a thorough analysis of this issue is a topic theme. In this perspective, the following hypotheses are highlighted: green procurement affects the competitiveness of an enterprise, its economic indicators, the environment and society. The data collected from SMEs in Kyiv and Kyiv region. As a result, we analysed the questionnaires provided by the managers of 181 companies operating in different industries and different forms of ownership. Factor analysis was conducted to evaluate the scales used in the study, and hypotheses were tested using structural equation modelling. The results show that green procurement has a positive impact on competitiveness, economic performance of SMEs, the environment and society. Therefore, small and medium-sized enterprises in developing countries should pay attention to the development and implementation of green supplies, as this will have a positive impact on their performance. The research conducted can serve as a benchmark for conducting similar studies on other enterprises.
{"title":"Management of Green Procurement in Small and Medium-Sized Manufacturing Enterprises in Developing Economies","authors":"T. Ivanova","doi":"10.24818/ea/2020/53/121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24818/ea/2020/53/121","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores the issue of managing green procurement at the level of small and medium-sized enterprises in developing countries. Green procurement remains a relatively new trend for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Therefore, a thorough analysis of this issue is a topic theme. In this perspective, the following hypotheses are highlighted: green procurement affects the competitiveness of an enterprise, its economic indicators, the environment and society. The data collected from SMEs in Kyiv and Kyiv region. As a result, we analysed the questionnaires provided by the managers of 181 companies operating in different industries and different forms of ownership. Factor analysis was conducted to evaluate the scales used in the study, and hypotheses were tested using structural equation modelling. The results show that green procurement has a positive impact on competitiveness, economic performance of SMEs, the environment and society. Therefore, small and medium-sized enterprises in developing countries should pay attention to the development and implementation of green supplies, as this will have a positive impact on their performance. The research conducted can serve as a benchmark for conducting similar studies on other enterprises.","PeriodicalId":46837,"journal":{"name":"Amfiteatru Economic","volume":"22 1","pages":"121-121"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41433467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nobumichi Watahiki, Yoshikazu Matsui, V. Dincă, Waniek Iulia
Holding a managerial position within a company in 2019 is a challenging task and within this period the business climate is a dynamic one. When conceiving rightful strategies, managers should take into account every detail regarding the fast-changing Romanian business environment. Bushido is one of the oldest moral systems in Japan and refers to a code of honour and standards that commanded the samurai way of life and these principles advanced by Bushido are still worthy in several corporate systems. Several studies showed how using the attributes of ‘Bushido’ can lead managers to become more effective and prosperous in their business and can help them establish and maintain a credible image within the industry. For this study, interviews were taken in order to obtain the views of the representatives of 37 corporations in Romania and the objectives of the study were to: (1) To assess which canons of Bushido are being implemented by managers within the Romanian contemporary businesses and are applicable to business context analysis, strategic enforcement & control and development of business partnerships and collaborations, (2) To determine if and how the extent of incorporating Bushido’s principles within the management strategies and operations of companies has an effect on the company’s success’ factors. The achieved results of this study can be mentioned as follows. 1. The Bushido code is being integrated within the Romanian contemporary organizations’ management and business relationships with other firms. The paper revealed that for almost all the managers included in the sample there were recorded notable interrelationships between the Bushido principles and the managers’ goals in the sense that if they apply the Bushido principles on a higher and more developed level, it will be less difficult for them to attain their strategic objectives. 2. The most significant factors leading to business success achievement obtained due to the application the Bushido principles within the business processes of the companies were indicated as: the growth of the company’s and manager’s image and professional reputation; prestige and good attitude from the stakeholders; a boost within the research and development process and the raise of the quality of business relationships
{"title":"The Application of the Bushido – Samurai Code Principles within Romanian Companies","authors":"Nobumichi Watahiki, Yoshikazu Matsui, V. Dincă, Waniek Iulia","doi":"10.24818/EA/2019/53/152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24818/EA/2019/53/152","url":null,"abstract":"Holding a managerial position within a company in 2019 is a challenging task and within this period the business climate is a dynamic one. When conceiving rightful strategies, managers should take into account every detail regarding the fast-changing Romanian business environment. Bushido is one of the oldest moral systems in Japan and refers to a code of honour and standards that commanded the samurai way of life and these principles advanced by Bushido are still worthy in several corporate systems. Several studies showed how using the attributes of ‘Bushido’ can lead managers to become more effective and prosperous in their business and can help them establish and maintain a credible image within the industry. For this study, interviews were taken in order to obtain the views of the representatives of 37 corporations in Romania and the objectives of the study were to: (1) To assess which canons of Bushido are being implemented by managers within the Romanian contemporary businesses and are applicable to business context analysis, strategic enforcement & control and development of business partnerships and collaborations, (2) To determine if and how the extent of incorporating Bushido’s principles within the management strategies and operations of companies has an effect on the company’s success’ factors. The achieved results of this study can be mentioned as follows. 1. The Bushido code is being integrated within the Romanian contemporary organizations’ management and business relationships with other firms. The paper revealed that for almost all the managers included in the sample there were recorded notable interrelationships between the Bushido principles and the managers’ goals in the sense that if they apply the Bushido principles on a higher and more developed level, it will be less difficult for them to attain their strategic objectives. 2. The most significant factors leading to business success achievement obtained due to the application the Bushido principles within the business processes of the companies were indicated as: the growth of the company’s and manager’s image and professional reputation; prestige and good attitude from the stakeholders; a boost within the research and development process and the raise of the quality of business relationships","PeriodicalId":46837,"journal":{"name":"Amfiteatru Economic","volume":"22 1","pages":"152-163"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46230372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Cetină, C. Elena, Ciobotar Georgeta Narcisa, Andrei L. Bădin
The economic-social and technological dynamism, the changes produced in the natural environment force the society to change the attitude and the behavior towards the environment by developing the ecological awareness, a process that must materialize in a behavior of acquisition, purchase and consumption based on ecological principles and criteria. The major differences in consumer behavior, business practices, and entrepreneurial practices are an effect of cultural differences. Under the conditions of sustainable and systematic development of the states of the world, it has become necessary to consider cultural institutions as organizations that through their purchasing behavior based on ecological principles and by creating and transmitting thematic messages, can significantly contribute to the development of the ecological awareness of the society. In this context, the purpose of the research is to determine the impact of major cultural events on increasing the awareness of the society regarding the protection of the environment, through the component of ecological acquisitions. The opinion poll conducted took into account the participants' perceptions during large-scale cultural events regarding the importance attributed by organizers to the development of the ecological awareness and the way in which they practice ecological acquisitions. Also, through this survey it was aimed to establish the existence or non-existence of the relationship between the degree of reception of the message with ecological theme of the organizers and the demographic-cultural characteristics of the attending public, implicitly of the society. The aim was to analyze the need of increasing major cultural events organizers' degree of involvement in increasing participants' ecological awareness by diversifying the types of actions that will stimulate acquisition, buying and ecological consumption behavior.
{"title":"Large-Scale Cultural Events: An Argument for Strengthening Ecological Awarenes","authors":"I. Cetină, C. Elena, Ciobotar Georgeta Narcisa, Andrei L. Bădin","doi":"10.24818/ea/2020/53/239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24818/ea/2020/53/239","url":null,"abstract":"The economic-social and technological dynamism, the changes produced in the natural environment force the society to change the attitude and the behavior towards the environment by developing the ecological awareness, a process that must materialize in a behavior of acquisition, purchase and consumption based on ecological principles and criteria. The major differences in consumer behavior, business practices, and entrepreneurial practices are an effect of cultural differences. Under the conditions of sustainable and systematic development of the states of the world, it has become necessary to consider cultural institutions as organizations that through their purchasing behavior based on ecological principles and by creating and transmitting thematic messages, can significantly contribute to the development of the ecological awareness of the society. In this context, the purpose of the research is to determine the impact of major cultural events on increasing the awareness of the society regarding the protection of the environment, through the component of ecological acquisitions. The opinion poll conducted took into account the participants' perceptions during large-scale cultural events regarding the importance attributed by organizers to the development of the ecological awareness and the way in which they practice ecological acquisitions. Also, through this survey it was aimed to establish the existence or non-existence of the relationship between the degree of reception of the message with ecological theme of the organizers and the demographic-cultural characteristics of the attending public, implicitly of the society. The aim was to analyze the need of increasing major cultural events organizers' degree of involvement in increasing participants' ecological awareness by diversifying the types of actions that will stimulate acquisition, buying and ecological consumption behavior.","PeriodicalId":46837,"journal":{"name":"Amfiteatru Economic","volume":"22 1","pages":"239-239"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41737806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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