Pub Date : 2024-05-01Epub Date: 2024-01-31DOI: 10.1002/pmh.1603
Maaike L Smits, Dine J Feenstra, Matthijs Blankers, Jan H Kamphuis, Dawn L Bales, Jack J M Dekker, Roel Verheul, Jan J V Busschbach, Patrick Luyten
This study examined the impact of clinical severity on treatment outcome in two programs that differ markedly in treatment intensity: day hospital mentalization-based treatment (MBT-DH) and intensive outpatient mentalization-based treatment (MBT-IOP) for borderline personality disorder (BPD). A multicenter randomized controlled trial was conducted. Participants include the full intention-to-treat sample of the original trial of N = 114 randomized BPD patients (MBT-DH n = 70, MBT-IOP n = 44), who were assessed at baseline and subsequently every 6 up to 36 months after start of treatment. Outcomes were general symptom severity, borderline features, and interpersonal functioning. Clinical severity was examined in terms of severity of BPD, general symptom severity, comorbid symptom disorders, comorbid personality disorders, and cluster C personality features. None of the severity measures was related to treatment outcome or differentially predicted treatment outcome in MBT-DH and MBT-IOP, with the exception of a single moderating effect of co morbid symptom disorders on outcome in terms of BPD features, indicating less improvement in MBT-DH for patients with more symptom disorders. Overall, patients with varying levels of clinical severity benefited equally from MBT-DH and MBT-IOP, indicating that clinical severity may not be a useful criterion to differentiate in treatment intensity.
{"title":"Impact of clinical severity on treatment response in a randomized controlled trial comparing day hospital and intensive outpatient mentalization-based treatment for borderline personality disorder.","authors":"Maaike L Smits, Dine J Feenstra, Matthijs Blankers, Jan H Kamphuis, Dawn L Bales, Jack J M Dekker, Roel Verheul, Jan J V Busschbach, Patrick Luyten","doi":"10.1002/pmh.1603","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pmh.1603","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examined the impact of clinical severity on treatment outcome in two programs that differ markedly in treatment intensity: day hospital mentalization-based treatment (MBT-DH) and intensive outpatient mentalization-based treatment (MBT-IOP) for borderline personality disorder (BPD). A multicenter randomized controlled trial was conducted. Participants include the full intention-to-treat sample of the original trial of N = 114 randomized BPD patients (MBT-DH n = 70, MBT-IOP n = 44), who were assessed at baseline and subsequently every 6 up to 36 months after start of treatment. Outcomes were general symptom severity, borderline features, and interpersonal functioning. Clinical severity was examined in terms of severity of BPD, general symptom severity, comorbid symptom disorders, comorbid personality disorders, and cluster C personality features. None of the severity measures was related to treatment outcome or differentially predicted treatment outcome in MBT-DH and MBT-IOP, with the exception of a single moderating effect of co morbid symptom disorders on outcome in terms of BPD features, indicating less improvement in MBT-DH for patients with more symptom disorders. Overall, patients with varying levels of clinical severity benefited equally from MBT-DH and MBT-IOP, indicating that clinical severity may not be a useful criterion to differentiate in treatment intensity.</p>","PeriodicalId":46871,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Mental Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139651841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01Epub Date: 2023-12-27DOI: 10.1002/pmh.1601
Lucas de Francisco Carvalho, Fabiano Koich Miguel, Gisele Magarotto Machado, Cibelle de Oliveira, Giselle Pianowski
In the COVID-19 context, traits associated with antisociality can decrease concern and awareness about the potential harmfulness of the virus. This study investigated associations of pathological traits of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) with behaviours and beliefs linked to COVID-19 containment measures. The sample consisted of 2230 Brazilian adults who answered ASPD-related facets of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 and a questionnaire regarding adherence to COVID-19 containment measures. We applied the DSM-5 ASPD criteria to divide the sample into antisocial and non-antisocial groups. Our findings suggest that individuals meeting the criteria for ASPD tend to exhibit reduced compliance with pandemic control measures and lower adherence to hygiene practices. Moreover, sex, income, and age should be considered potential covariates in research investigating the relationship between antisocial traits and adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures. Altogether, our findings highlight ASPD traits' role in the predisposition to lack of prosocial behaviours of adherence to COVID-19 containment measures.
{"title":"Antisocial personality traits relationship with behaviours and beliefs on COVID-19 containment measures: Investigation in a large Brazilian sample.","authors":"Lucas de Francisco Carvalho, Fabiano Koich Miguel, Gisele Magarotto Machado, Cibelle de Oliveira, Giselle Pianowski","doi":"10.1002/pmh.1601","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pmh.1601","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the COVID-19 context, traits associated with antisociality can decrease concern and awareness about the potential harmfulness of the virus. This study investigated associations of pathological traits of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) with behaviours and beliefs linked to COVID-19 containment measures. The sample consisted of 2230 Brazilian adults who answered ASPD-related facets of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 and a questionnaire regarding adherence to COVID-19 containment measures. We applied the DSM-5 ASPD criteria to divide the sample into antisocial and non-antisocial groups. Our findings suggest that individuals meeting the criteria for ASPD tend to exhibit reduced compliance with pandemic control measures and lower adherence to hygiene practices. Moreover, sex, income, and age should be considered potential covariates in research investigating the relationship between antisocial traits and adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures. Altogether, our findings highlight ASPD traits' role in the predisposition to lack of prosocial behaviours of adherence to COVID-19 containment measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":46871,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Mental Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139040730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01Epub Date: 2024-03-01DOI: 10.1002/pmh.1606
Roxanna Short, Darrick Jolliffe, Ben Carter, Colin Campbell
Offenders with personality disorder cause disproportionate harm to society and pose significant challenges for those responsible for their care and rehabilitation. Personality disorders are heterogeneous in terms of symptoms, as well as their pathways to offending behaviour. Thus, there is limited evidence regarding effective interventions. One solution might be to focus on how interventions are delivered as well as what is delivered. Within the non-offender personality disorder literature, the identification of potential mediators of change has enabled interventions to focus on 'how' they are delivered (e.g., therapeutic alliance) rather than the intervention itself. We explore the evidence and present a scoping review of the available literature on the mechanisms of change in psychological treatments for offenders with personality disorder. Only one study was found in the scoping review, highlighting a significant gap in the evidence base. We discuss the implications of this finding and potential future directions.
{"title":"Mediators of change in psychological interventions for adult offenders with personality disorders: A scoping review of the literature.","authors":"Roxanna Short, Darrick Jolliffe, Ben Carter, Colin Campbell","doi":"10.1002/pmh.1606","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pmh.1606","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Offenders with personality disorder cause disproportionate harm to society and pose significant challenges for those responsible for their care and rehabilitation. Personality disorders are heterogeneous in terms of symptoms, as well as their pathways to offending behaviour. Thus, there is limited evidence regarding effective interventions. One solution might be to focus on how interventions are delivered as well as what is delivered. Within the non-offender personality disorder literature, the identification of potential mediators of change has enabled interventions to focus on 'how' they are delivered (e.g., therapeutic alliance) rather than the intervention itself. We explore the evidence and present a scoping review of the available literature on the mechanisms of change in psychological treatments for offenders with personality disorder. Only one study was found in the scoping review, highlighting a significant gap in the evidence base. We discuss the implications of this finding and potential future directions.</p>","PeriodicalId":46871,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Mental Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139997834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01Epub Date: 2023-11-23DOI: 10.1002/pmh.1599
Vanessa Tedesco, Nicholas John Stephen Day, Sophie Lucas, Brin F S Grenyer
Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a severe mental health condition marked by impairments in self and interpersonal functioning. Stigma from health staff may often result in a reluctance to diagnose, impacting recovery trajectories. Qualitative interviews were conducted with participants (N = 15; M Age = 36.4 years, SD = 7.5; 93.3% female) with lived experience of BPD exploring topics of illness onset, insight, experience of diagnosis and treatment. Qualitative responses were analysed within a co-design framework with a member of the research team who identifies as having a lived experience of BPD. On average, participant symptoms emerged at 12.1 years of age (SD = 6.6 years, range 1.5-27), but diagnoses of BPD were delayed until 30.2 years (SD = 7.8 years, range 18-44) resulting in a 'diagnosis gap' of 18.1 years (SD = 9.6 years, range 3-30). Participant explanations for BPD emergence varied from biological, psychological and social factors. Benefits of diagnosis (e.g., fostering insight, aiding treatment planning and reducing isolation) were contrasted with challenges (e.g., stigma and treatment unavailability). Delay in diagnosis was common, and no participants reported receiving a diagnosis of BPD during their adolescence yet 85% felt they would have benefited from a diagnosis in adolescence. Only a quarter (27%) felt highly supported in the diagnostic process. An ideal four-step diagnosis procedure was outlined based on recommendations from participants with a lived experience; this involved the following: (1) explain the process, (2) assess thoroughly, (3) explore how the features are active in everyday life and (4) link diagnosis to evidence-based treatment planning.
{"title":"Diagnosing borderline personality disorder: Reports and recommendations from people with lived experience.","authors":"Vanessa Tedesco, Nicholas John Stephen Day, Sophie Lucas, Brin F S Grenyer","doi":"10.1002/pmh.1599","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pmh.1599","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a severe mental health condition marked by impairments in self and interpersonal functioning. Stigma from health staff may often result in a reluctance to diagnose, impacting recovery trajectories. Qualitative interviews were conducted with participants (N = 15; M Age = 36.4 years, SD = 7.5; 93.3% female) with lived experience of BPD exploring topics of illness onset, insight, experience of diagnosis and treatment. Qualitative responses were analysed within a co-design framework with a member of the research team who identifies as having a lived experience of BPD. On average, participant symptoms emerged at 12.1 years of age (SD = 6.6 years, range 1.5-27), but diagnoses of BPD were delayed until 30.2 years (SD = 7.8 years, range 18-44) resulting in a 'diagnosis gap' of 18.1 years (SD = 9.6 years, range 3-30). Participant explanations for BPD emergence varied from biological, psychological and social factors. Benefits of diagnosis (e.g., fostering insight, aiding treatment planning and reducing isolation) were contrasted with challenges (e.g., stigma and treatment unavailability). Delay in diagnosis was common, and no participants reported receiving a diagnosis of BPD during their adolescence yet 85% felt they would have benefited from a diagnosis in adolescence. Only a quarter (27%) felt highly supported in the diagnostic process. An ideal four-step diagnosis procedure was outlined based on recommendations from participants with a lived experience; this involved the following: (1) explain the process, (2) assess thoroughly, (3) explore how the features are active in everyday life and (4) link diagnosis to evidence-based treatment planning.</p>","PeriodicalId":46871,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Mental Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138300303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Research has indicated loneliness to be a detrimental correlate of narcissistic vulnerability. However, no research has examined if this relationship persists across time or why it occurs. The present study explores the link between narcissistic vulnerability and loneliness across time and examines which domains of personality dysfunction (i.e., identity, self-direction, empathy, and intimacy) may account for why narcissistic vulnerability is related to loneliness. Adult participants (N = 298) were recruited from Prolific and completed study questionnaires assessing narcissistic vulnerability, narcissistic grandiosity, loneliness, domains of self and interpersonal functioning, and neuroticism. Two months later, participants repeated the measure of loneliness. Correlations among all study variables were calculated, followed by linear regression analyses to investigate how personality functioning domains may mediate the longitudinal relationship between narcissistic vulnerability and loneliness. The effects of baseline loneliness, relationship status, and trait neuroticism were controlled for. Narcissistic vulnerability, but not narcissistic grandiosity, was associated with loneliness at baseline and 2 months later. Intimacy functioning, but not identity, self-direction, or empathy functioning, was a significant mediator of the relationship between narcissistic vulnerability and loneliness over time. These findings suggest that narcissistic vulnerability may contribute to the development or maintenance of loneliness across time, highlighting the role of impaired intimacy functioning in this relationship. The impact of these findings on our understanding of interpersonal functioning in narcissistic vulnerability, as well as clinical implications, is discussed.
{"title":"Loneliness in narcissistic vulnerability: Examining domains of personality functioning.","authors":"Ellen F Finch, D. Kealy","doi":"10.1002/pmh.1615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pmh.1615","url":null,"abstract":"Research has indicated loneliness to be a detrimental correlate of narcissistic vulnerability. However, no research has examined if this relationship persists across time or why it occurs. The present study explores the link between narcissistic vulnerability and loneliness across time and examines which domains of personality dysfunction (i.e., identity, self-direction, empathy, and intimacy) may account for why narcissistic vulnerability is related to loneliness. Adult participants (N = 298) were recruited from Prolific and completed study questionnaires assessing narcissistic vulnerability, narcissistic grandiosity, loneliness, domains of self and interpersonal functioning, and neuroticism. Two months later, participants repeated the measure of loneliness. Correlations among all study variables were calculated, followed by linear regression analyses to investigate how personality functioning domains may mediate the longitudinal relationship between narcissistic vulnerability and loneliness. The effects of baseline loneliness, relationship status, and trait neuroticism were controlled for. Narcissistic vulnerability, but not narcissistic grandiosity, was associated with loneliness at baseline and 2 months later. Intimacy functioning, but not identity, self-direction, or empathy functioning, was a significant mediator of the relationship between narcissistic vulnerability and loneliness over time. These findings suggest that narcissistic vulnerability may contribute to the development or maintenance of loneliness across time, highlighting the role of impaired intimacy functioning in this relationship. The impact of these findings on our understanding of interpersonal functioning in narcissistic vulnerability, as well as clinical implications, is discussed.","PeriodicalId":46871,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Mental Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140651991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elisabet Casellas-Pujol, Joaquim Soler, Carlos Schmidt, Jose Soriano, Juan C. Pascual
Although the clinical symptoms of borderline personality disorder (BPD) tend to remit over time, a substantial proportion continues to present "long-lasting symptoms" (LLS). This term refers to individuals who present some degree of clinical improvement, but low mood, feelings of emptiness, and poor psychosocial adjustment typically persist. The aim of this study was to compare the sociodemographic, clinical, and therapeutic variables in individuals with BPD with and without LLS. A total of 620 participants with BPD were included and subdivided into two groups: non-LLS group (n = 549, mean age = 28.02 [6.1] and range, 18-40 years) and LLS group (n = 71, mean age = 44.69 [3.6] and range, 41-56 years). The groups were compared in sociodemographic, clinical, and drug treatment characteristics. We also evaluated the impact of dialectical behavioral therapy-skills training (DBT-ST) on polypharmacy. The prevalence of individuals with long-lasting BPD symptoms increased significantly over a 20-year period (from <1% to 16%). The LLS group was characterized by less clinical severity, higher comorbidity with affective disorders but lower comorbidity with eating disorders, more disability, and more medication taking. Patients with LLS who received DBT-ST experienced a significant decrease in the use of benzodiazepines and the number of medications prescribed compared with those who did not receive DBT-ST. Clinicians should be aware of the specific features of older patients with BPD in order to better identify and address their specific therapeutic needs.
{"title":"Long-lasting symptoms in borderline personality disorder: Defining an emergent population with differential clinical and therapeutic features.","authors":"Elisabet Casellas-Pujol, Joaquim Soler, Carlos Schmidt, Jose Soriano, Juan C. Pascual","doi":"10.1002/pmh.1614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pmh.1614","url":null,"abstract":"Although the clinical symptoms of borderline personality disorder (BPD) tend to remit over time, a substantial proportion continues to present \"long-lasting symptoms\" (LLS). This term refers to individuals who present some degree of clinical improvement, but low mood, feelings of emptiness, and poor psychosocial adjustment typically persist. The aim of this study was to compare the sociodemographic, clinical, and therapeutic variables in individuals with BPD with and without LLS. A total of 620 participants with BPD were included and subdivided into two groups: non-LLS group (n = 549, mean age = 28.02 [6.1] and range, 18-40 years) and LLS group (n = 71, mean age = 44.69 [3.6] and range, 41-56 years). The groups were compared in sociodemographic, clinical, and drug treatment characteristics. We also evaluated the impact of dialectical behavioral therapy-skills training (DBT-ST) on polypharmacy. The prevalence of individuals with long-lasting BPD symptoms increased significantly over a 20-year period (from <1% to 16%). The LLS group was characterized by less clinical severity, higher comorbidity with affective disorders but lower comorbidity with eating disorders, more disability, and more medication taking. Patients with LLS who received DBT-ST experienced a significant decrease in the use of benzodiazepines and the number of medications prescribed compared with those who did not receive DBT-ST. Clinicians should be aware of the specific features of older patients with BPD in order to better identify and address their specific therapeutic needs.","PeriodicalId":46871,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Mental Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140653105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Personality disorders are a highly prevalent mental health condition. Historically, clinician attitudes have been negative, and only a small number have specialised training. This study evaluated clinician attitudes and confidence in working with people with personality disorder following the combination of training and implementation of a stepped care whole-of-service approach. A total of 102 multidisciplinary mental health clinicians were trained to implement the stepped care approach, and completed surveys prior to implementation and at 12 months follow up. Clinicians delivered manualised structured psychological therapy as part of the model. Measures assessed changes in attitudes and confidence, and impact of the service changes and therapy approach. Qualitative responses elucidated core themes. Evaluation at 12 months post training and service redesign showed improvements in clinician skills, confidence, theoretical knowledge and attitudes. Qualitative thematic analysis found core themes of improved understanding, clinical skills and improvements in the accessibility and timeliness of treatment. Implementing a whole-of-service model featuring stepped care therapies enhanced clinician attitudes, confidence, skills and knowledge in working with people with personality disorders. Clinicians identified that the whole-of-service model also improved accessibility to treatment, and quality of clinical care to the consumer and their carers.
{"title":"Implementing a whole-of-service stepped care approach to personality disorder treatment: Impact of training and service redesign on clinician attitudes and skills","authors":"Brin F. S. Grenyer, Rachel C. Bailey","doi":"10.1002/pmh.1612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pmh.1612","url":null,"abstract":"Personality disorders are a highly prevalent mental health condition. Historically, clinician attitudes have been negative, and only a small number have specialised training. This study evaluated clinician attitudes and confidence in working with people with personality disorder following the combination of training and implementation of a stepped care whole-of-service approach. A total of 102 multidisciplinary mental health clinicians were trained to implement the stepped care approach, and completed surveys prior to implementation and at 12 months follow up. Clinicians delivered manualised structured psychological therapy as part of the model. Measures assessed changes in attitudes and confidence, and impact of the service changes and therapy approach. Qualitative responses elucidated core themes. Evaluation at 12 months post training and service redesign showed improvements in clinician skills, confidence, theoretical knowledge and attitudes. Qualitative thematic analysis found core themes of improved understanding, clinical skills and improvements in the accessibility and timeliness of treatment. Implementing a whole-of-service model featuring stepped care therapies enhanced clinician attitudes, confidence, skills and knowledge in working with people with personality disorders. Clinicians identified that the whole-of-service model also improved accessibility to treatment, and quality of clinical care to the consumer and their carers.","PeriodicalId":46871,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Mental Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140172944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01Epub Date: 2023-10-02DOI: 10.1002/pmh.1592
Krystle A P Penders, Gina Rossi, Inge Debast, Daniel L Segal, Inge G P Peeters, Job F M Metsemakers, Sebastiaan P J van Alphen
Previous research on self-informant reports in assessing personality disorders (PDs) has been mainly focused on adults, leaving older adults under-studied. We examined self-informant agreement in PD screening among older adults (≥60 years) using the Gerontological Personality disorders Scale (GPS). Potential differences such as who reports more personality pathology on a PD screener (i.e., GPS), item accessibility and the effect of relational aspects were studied as well. Data of 326 older adult-informant dyads, of which the older adults were sampled from five general practices in the Netherlands, were used. Results indicate that self-informant agreement ranged from r = 0.26-0.73, with lower concordance on the GPS-subscale measuring intrapersonal aspects of personality pathology. Informants were more sensitive to habitual pathological personality features than older adults. Two GPS items showed differential item functioning across self- and informant-report. Of relational aspects, only congeniality affected the GPS-iv scores; lower ratings on congeniality were associated with higher GPS-iv scores (i.e., higher reporting of personality problems).
{"title":"Personality disorders in older adults: Differences in self-informant ratings.","authors":"Krystle A P Penders, Gina Rossi, Inge Debast, Daniel L Segal, Inge G P Peeters, Job F M Metsemakers, Sebastiaan P J van Alphen","doi":"10.1002/pmh.1592","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pmh.1592","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Previous research on self-informant reports in assessing personality disorders (PDs) has been mainly focused on adults, leaving older adults under-studied. We examined self-informant agreement in PD screening among older adults (≥60 years) using the Gerontological Personality disorders Scale (GPS). Potential differences such as who reports more personality pathology on a PD screener (i.e., GPS), item accessibility and the effect of relational aspects were studied as well. Data of 326 older adult-informant dyads, of which the older adults were sampled from five general practices in the Netherlands, were used. Results indicate that self-informant agreement ranged from r = 0.26-0.73, with lower concordance on the GPS-subscale measuring intrapersonal aspects of personality pathology. Informants were more sensitive to habitual pathological personality features than older adults. Two GPS items showed differential item functioning across self- and informant-report. Of relational aspects, only congeniality affected the GPS-iv scores; lower ratings on congeniality were associated with higher GPS-iv scores (i.e., higher reporting of personality problems).</p>","PeriodicalId":46871,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Mental Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41147821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01Epub Date: 2023-11-14DOI: 10.1002/pmh.1598
David De Coninck, Koen Matthijs, Jan Van Bavel, Patrick Luyten
Research has shown that severity of depression increased in freshmen during their first months at university due to increased social and academic pressures. Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, several cross-sectional studies have suggested that levels of depression in university students are higher than before the pandemic, but longitudinal data are largely lacking. This study investigated severity of depression and negative affect linked to the pandemic among freshmen during their first semester at a large university in Flanders, Belgium. We also investigated whether epistemic trust predicted severity of depression and pandemic-related negative affect and whether problems with reflective functioning (or mentalizing) mediated these relations. Participants in this two-wave prospective study were 289 first-year students of the Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences of a large Belgian university. We conducted paired samples t-tests and cross-panel analysis to answer the research question. The number of students at risk of clinical depression increased by 41% between T1 (early October 2020) and T2 (late December 2020). Epistemic mistrust at T1 was prospectively associated with an increase in the prevalence and severity of depression at T2. Problems with mentalizing and negative COVID-19-related affect were positively associated with severity of depression at T2 and mediated the association between epistemic mistrust and severity of depression at T2. The findings highlight the key role of epistemic trust in the development of depression among freshmen, with the COVID-19 pandemic presenting an additional source of uncertainty.
{"title":"To be a freshman during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-lagged model of depression, mentalizing, and epistemic trust.","authors":"David De Coninck, Koen Matthijs, Jan Van Bavel, Patrick Luyten","doi":"10.1002/pmh.1598","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pmh.1598","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Research has shown that severity of depression increased in freshmen during their first months at university due to increased social and academic pressures. Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, several cross-sectional studies have suggested that levels of depression in university students are higher than before the pandemic, but longitudinal data are largely lacking. This study investigated severity of depression and negative affect linked to the pandemic among freshmen during their first semester at a large university in Flanders, Belgium. We also investigated whether epistemic trust predicted severity of depression and pandemic-related negative affect and whether problems with reflective functioning (or mentalizing) mediated these relations. Participants in this two-wave prospective study were 289 first-year students of the Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences of a large Belgian university. We conducted paired samples t-tests and cross-panel analysis to answer the research question. The number of students at risk of clinical depression increased by 41% between T1 (early October 2020) and T2 (late December 2020). Epistemic mistrust at T1 was prospectively associated with an increase in the prevalence and severity of depression at T2. Problems with mentalizing and negative COVID-19-related affect were positively associated with severity of depression at T2 and mediated the association between epistemic mistrust and severity of depression at T2. The findings highlight the key role of epistemic trust in the development of depression among freshmen, with the COVID-19 pandemic presenting an additional source of uncertainty.</p>","PeriodicalId":46871,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Mental Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92156881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01Epub Date: 2023-09-11DOI: 10.1002/pmh.1590
Randall T Salekin, Laura López-Romero, Jessica C Grant, Blair D Batky, Kasia Uzieblo, Olivier F Colins
The current study examined the psychometric properties of the Proposed Specifiers for Conduct Disorder (PSCD) in a sample of school-attending adolescent Belgian youth (N = 599; M age = 16.51 years, SD = 1.27). Given the recent interest in the PSCD-Short Version (PSCD-SV), this study focused on the 13-item variant of the PSCD. Study findings showed that the PSCD-SV had a hierarchical four-factor structure including the components of grandiose-manipulative (GM), callous-unemotional (CU), daring-impulsive (DI), and conduct disorder (CD). These interrelated factors were found to be internally consistent. The study also showed that the PSCD-SV total score was positively and significantly related to an alternate measure of psychopathy. Further, the study revealed the PSCD-SV was meaningfully related to the five-factor personality domains (i.e., extraversion, conscientiousness, agreeableness) as well as peer functioning and prosocial behavior. Bivariate correlations demonstrated that the dimensions differed in their associations with external correlates (e.g., peer functioning). Regression analyses showed that the GM, CU, and CD components of the PSCD-SV were uniquely associated to externalizing difficulties, whereas only the GM and CU components of the PSCD-SV were associated with low prosocial behaviors. These findings shed light on the conceptual and developmental models for the consideration of psychopathy and conduct problems. The use of the broader psychopathy condition as well as its underpinning dimensions may have important implications for assessment, treatment, and diagnostic manuals. The implications of the current study are further discussed.
本研究对在校比利时青少年样本(样本数=599;中位年龄=16.51岁,标准差=1.27)进行了行为失调症建议指标(PSCD)心理测量特性的研究。鉴于最近人们对行为失调症简易版(PSCD-Short Version,PSCD-SV)的关注,本研究主要关注行为失调症简易版的 13 个项目。研究结果表明,PSCD-SV 有一个层次分明的四因素结构,包括 "自大-操纵"(GM)、"冷酷-不情感"(CU)、"胆怯-冲动"(DI)和 "行为障碍"(CD)。研究发现,这些相互关联的因子具有内部一致性。研究还显示,PSCD-SV 的总分与另一种精神变态的测量结果呈显著正相关。此外,研究还显示,PSCD-SV 与五因素人格领域(即外向性、自觉性、合意性)以及同伴功能和亲社会行为存在有意义的关联。二元相关分析表明,各维度与外部相关因素(如同伴功能)的关系各不相同。回归分析表明,PSCD-SV 中的 GM、CU 和 CD 部分与外化困难有独特的关联,而 PSCD-SV 中只有 GM 和 CU 部分与低亲社会行为有关联。这些发现揭示了考虑变态心理和行为问题的概念和发展模型。使用更广泛的心理变态条件及其基础维度可能会对评估、治疗和诊断手册产生重要影响。我们将进一步讨论本研究的意义。
{"title":"Proposed Specifiers for Conduct Disorder (PSCD) self-report: Factor structure and validation in a community sample of Belgian youth.","authors":"Randall T Salekin, Laura López-Romero, Jessica C Grant, Blair D Batky, Kasia Uzieblo, Olivier F Colins","doi":"10.1002/pmh.1590","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pmh.1590","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The current study examined the psychometric properties of the Proposed Specifiers for Conduct Disorder (PSCD) in a sample of school-attending adolescent Belgian youth (N = 599; M age = 16.51 years, SD = 1.27). Given the recent interest in the PSCD-Short Version (PSCD-SV), this study focused on the 13-item variant of the PSCD. Study findings showed that the PSCD-SV had a hierarchical four-factor structure including the components of grandiose-manipulative (GM), callous-unemotional (CU), daring-impulsive (DI), and conduct disorder (CD). These interrelated factors were found to be internally consistent. The study also showed that the PSCD-SV total score was positively and significantly related to an alternate measure of psychopathy. Further, the study revealed the PSCD-SV was meaningfully related to the five-factor personality domains (i.e., extraversion, conscientiousness, agreeableness) as well as peer functioning and prosocial behavior. Bivariate correlations demonstrated that the dimensions differed in their associations with external correlates (e.g., peer functioning). Regression analyses showed that the GM, CU, and CD components of the PSCD-SV were uniquely associated to externalizing difficulties, whereas only the GM and CU components of the PSCD-SV were associated with low prosocial behaviors. These findings shed light on the conceptual and developmental models for the consideration of psychopathy and conduct problems. The use of the broader psychopathy condition as well as its underpinning dimensions may have important implications for assessment, treatment, and diagnostic manuals. The implications of the current study are further discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":46871,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Mental Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10212593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}