Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.1177/00943061231181317mm
J. Klein
Superfluous Women: Art, Feminism, and Revolution in Twenty-First-Century Ukraine explores the art and activism of Ukraine’s “interrevolutionary” generation—the generation between 2004’s Orange Revolution and 2014’s Euromaidan. Jessica Zychowicz argues that across the spectrum of artistic and political movements of that period, the focus was on the failure of the reforms promised after the 2004 mass uprising against falsified elections. Interrogating state and economic violence, these artistic and political movements reassert the human body as a site of agency and protest. Specifically, Zychowicz the female body is the of dissent: and sexuality remain in the foreground of these activists’ experimentations and their appropriations of representational schemata of past canonical works from nineteenth- and twentieth-century Slavic and and photography”
{"title":"Superfluous Women: Art, Feminism, and Revolution in Twenty-First-Century Ukraine","authors":"J. Klein","doi":"10.1177/00943061231181317mm","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00943061231181317mm","url":null,"abstract":"Superfluous Women: Art, Feminism, and Revolution in Twenty-First-Century Ukraine explores the art and activism of Ukraine’s “interrevolutionary” generation—the generation between 2004’s Orange Revolution and 2014’s Euromaidan. Jessica Zychowicz argues that across the spectrum of artistic and political movements of that period, the focus was on the failure of the reforms promised after the 2004 mass uprising against falsified elections. Interrogating state and economic violence, these artistic and political movements reassert the human body as a site of agency and protest. Specifically, Zychowicz the female body is the of dissent: and sexuality remain in the foreground of these activists’ experimentations and their appropriations of representational schemata of past canonical works from nineteenth- and twentieth-century Slavic and and photography”","PeriodicalId":46889,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Sociology-A Journal of Reviews","volume":"52 1","pages":"388 - 389"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45725953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.1177/00943061231181317d
Shauntey James
understanding of work-life balance. As noted earlier, the final section, ‘‘Digital and Visual Methods,’’ contains projects using novel methodologies that allow researchers to examine work-life balance in mostly unobtrusive ways. Using data collected through a mobile phone app, Julia Cook and Dan Woodman (Chapter 15) explore how young couples organize and manage time together. They followed this data collection with indepth interviews to clarify issues and deepen their understanding of challenges along the way. In Chapter Sixteen, Caroline Gatrell discusses a netography project on the lives and concerns of pregnant and breastfeeding employees. The final chapter, by Marjan De Coster and Patrizia Zanoni, uses visuals to challenge the gendered binary nature of much work-life balance research by allowing participants to step outside of the normative scripts of work-life and gender. Overall, this collection shows the breadth and depth of work-life balance research and methods. It engages an international group of authors using a wide variety of methods and touches on the challenges and opportunities created by the COVID-19 pandemic. The volume also encourages ways to think about work-life in understudied populations. While the inclusion of research on fathers and older adults shows the expansion of work-life research outside of the focus on mothers and traditional populations, it also highlights the continuing heterosexual and parenting focus of much work-life research. Yet the studies and newer methodologies point to ways that work-life among non-heterosexual, non-parenting, and non-partnered individuals could be studied. The Cage of Days: Time and Temporal Experience in Prison, by K. C. Carceral and Michael G. Flaherty. New York: Columbia University Press, 2022. 320 pp. $35.00 paper. ISBN: 9780231203456.
理解工作与生活的平衡。如前所述，最后一节“数字和视觉方法”包含了使用新颖方法的项目，这些方法使研究人员能够以最不引人注目的方式检查工作与生活的平衡。Julia Cook和Dan Woodman（第15章）利用通过手机应用程序收集的数据，探讨了年轻夫妇如何组织和管理在一起的时间。他们在收集数据后进行了深入的采访，以澄清问题并加深对挑战的理解。在第十六章中，Caroline Gatrell讨论了一个关于孕妇和哺乳期员工的生活和担忧的网络摄影项目。最后一章由Marjan De Coster和Patrizia Zanoni撰写，通过让参与者走出工作-生活和性别的规范脚本，利用视觉来挑战许多工作-生活平衡研究的性别二元性。总体而言，本集展示了工作与生活平衡研究的广度和深度及方法。它让一个国际作者小组使用多种方法参与进来，并触及新冠肺炎大流行带来的挑战和机遇。该卷还鼓励人们思考研究不足人群的工作生活。虽然纳入对父亲和老年人的研究表明，工作生活研究的范围超出了对母亲和传统人群的关注，但它也突出了许多工作生活研究对异性恋和养育子女的持续关注。然而，这些研究和更新的方法指出了可以研究非异性恋、非父母和非伴侣个人的工作生活的方法。《天的牢笼：监狱中的时间和时间体验》，K.C.Carceral和Michael G.Flaherty著。纽约：哥伦比亚大学出版社，2022年。320页，论文35.00美元。ISBN:9780231203456。
{"title":"The Cage of Days: Time and Temporal Experience in Prison","authors":"Shauntey James","doi":"10.1177/00943061231181317d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00943061231181317d","url":null,"abstract":"understanding of work-life balance. As noted earlier, the final section, ‘‘Digital and Visual Methods,’’ contains projects using novel methodologies that allow researchers to examine work-life balance in mostly unobtrusive ways. Using data collected through a mobile phone app, Julia Cook and Dan Woodman (Chapter 15) explore how young couples organize and manage time together. They followed this data collection with indepth interviews to clarify issues and deepen their understanding of challenges along the way. In Chapter Sixteen, Caroline Gatrell discusses a netography project on the lives and concerns of pregnant and breastfeeding employees. The final chapter, by Marjan De Coster and Patrizia Zanoni, uses visuals to challenge the gendered binary nature of much work-life balance research by allowing participants to step outside of the normative scripts of work-life and gender. Overall, this collection shows the breadth and depth of work-life balance research and methods. It engages an international group of authors using a wide variety of methods and touches on the challenges and opportunities created by the COVID-19 pandemic. The volume also encourages ways to think about work-life in understudied populations. While the inclusion of research on fathers and older adults shows the expansion of work-life research outside of the focus on mothers and traditional populations, it also highlights the continuing heterosexual and parenting focus of much work-life research. Yet the studies and newer methodologies point to ways that work-life among non-heterosexual, non-parenting, and non-partnered individuals could be studied. The Cage of Days: Time and Temporal Experience in Prison, by K. C. Carceral and Michael G. Flaherty. New York: Columbia University Press, 2022. 320 pp. $35.00 paper. ISBN: 9780231203456.","PeriodicalId":46889,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Sociology-A Journal of Reviews","volume":"52 1","pages":"323 - 324"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46163906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.1177/00943061231181317g
Ebonie Cunningham Stringer
expensive than temporary, emergency services) or identity-based (veterans have served our country and should not remain homeless). Together, economic and identity-based arguments show the strength of the nation’s commitment to free market capitalism and to assistance that rewards people seen as innocent, good, or deserving. These pillars of public opinion have endured for generations and inform policy decisions that will be monumentally difficult to change. The authors may agree with this conclusion. In fact, and despite this book’s significant contributions, the looming question of whether or not we, as a nation, ‘‘will extend the same focus, attention, and resources to the rest of the population without stable housing’’ (p. 204) remains unanswered.
{"title":"Black Identity Viewed from a Barber's Chair: Nigrescence and Eudaimonia","authors":"Ebonie Cunningham Stringer","doi":"10.1177/00943061231181317g","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00943061231181317g","url":null,"abstract":"expensive than temporary, emergency services) or identity-based (veterans have served our country and should not remain homeless). Together, economic and identity-based arguments show the strength of the nation’s commitment to free market capitalism and to assistance that rewards people seen as innocent, good, or deserving. These pillars of public opinion have endured for generations and inform policy decisions that will be monumentally difficult to change. The authors may agree with this conclusion. In fact, and despite this book’s significant contributions, the looming question of whether or not we, as a nation, ‘‘will extend the same focus, attention, and resources to the rest of the population without stable housing’’ (p. 204) remains unanswered.","PeriodicalId":46889,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Sociology-A Journal of Reviews","volume":"52 1","pages":"328 - 330"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46644844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.1177/00943061231181317q
Alexandrea J. Ravenelle
the ‘‘doing’’ of the research. Of course, this iterative and sequential process is possible because of the careful attention to training and test data. Sequential and iterative research is perhaps clearest in the discovery section of the text. Here the authors devote a substantial portion of the text to explaining the excitement of allowing one to discover an unexpected concept while in the process of analyzing data. Beginning from the assumption that text data does not have one ‘‘truth’’ to tell but rather that there are myriad methods to represent what the text can tell us (some more useful than others), the authors demonstrate that by using different methodologies, researchers can discover distinct aspects of bodies of text. They explain in detail several methods (e.g., clustering, mixed-membership topic models, and embeddings) that allow a researcher to uncover a pattern in text data that might not have otherwise emerged. That is, using a subset of textual data, researchers uncover a theme that they may not have begun their project with. This exciting new finding can then spur additional inquiries without ‘‘starting over’’ or polluting the scientific process. The authors navigate a fine line here and emphasize that this process of discovery (as well as other analytical procedures such as measurement and causal inference) maintains integrity by splitting the textual data into groups—some that the researcher discovers with and some that the researcher validates with. Here, we encounter a key aspect of this text that links computer science and the social sciences as well as inductive and deductive scholarship: the process of validation. Much of this text is dedicated to validation—its definition, its implementation, and especially its importance in the analysis of textual data. Hesitant readers should rest assured that the authors are not circumventing methodological rigor. This ambitious project is particularly admirable for its pursuit of multiple audiences. At different points in the text, the content is well suited for an advanced undergraduate methods class. At others, the methodological detail is such that even a experienced practitioner may not find it entirely comprehensible. As with most guidebooks, Text as Data cannot be all things to all interested parties; but it provides guidance for social scientists at multiple points in their journey. Helpfully, the authors are also careful to credit the many innovators and innovations in text analysis, pointing eager readers to other sources to further their study. Very occasionally, introducing the research process from the perspective of textual data does not balance well with the methodological specificity that follows in each section. This text is a much-needed addition to methodological work in the social sciences— not just because of its niche application to textual data, but because it contributes an important argument amid our occasional obsession with methodological purity at the cost o
{"title":"Spent behind the Wheel: Drivers' Labor in the Uber Economy","authors":"Alexandrea J. Ravenelle","doi":"10.1177/00943061231181317q","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00943061231181317q","url":null,"abstract":"the ‘‘doing’’ of the research. Of course, this iterative and sequential process is possible because of the careful attention to training and test data. Sequential and iterative research is perhaps clearest in the discovery section of the text. Here the authors devote a substantial portion of the text to explaining the excitement of allowing one to discover an unexpected concept while in the process of analyzing data. Beginning from the assumption that text data does not have one ‘‘truth’’ to tell but rather that there are myriad methods to represent what the text can tell us (some more useful than others), the authors demonstrate that by using different methodologies, researchers can discover distinct aspects of bodies of text. They explain in detail several methods (e.g., clustering, mixed-membership topic models, and embeddings) that allow a researcher to uncover a pattern in text data that might not have otherwise emerged. That is, using a subset of textual data, researchers uncover a theme that they may not have begun their project with. This exciting new finding can then spur additional inquiries without ‘‘starting over’’ or polluting the scientific process. The authors navigate a fine line here and emphasize that this process of discovery (as well as other analytical procedures such as measurement and causal inference) maintains integrity by splitting the textual data into groups—some that the researcher discovers with and some that the researcher validates with. Here, we encounter a key aspect of this text that links computer science and the social sciences as well as inductive and deductive scholarship: the process of validation. Much of this text is dedicated to validation—its definition, its implementation, and especially its importance in the analysis of textual data. Hesitant readers should rest assured that the authors are not circumventing methodological rigor. This ambitious project is particularly admirable for its pursuit of multiple audiences. At different points in the text, the content is well suited for an advanced undergraduate methods class. At others, the methodological detail is such that even a experienced practitioner may not find it entirely comprehensible. As with most guidebooks, Text as Data cannot be all things to all interested parties; but it provides guidance for social scientists at multiple points in their journey. Helpfully, the authors are also careful to credit the many innovators and innovations in text analysis, pointing eager readers to other sources to further their study. Very occasionally, introducing the research process from the perspective of textual data does not balance well with the methodological specificity that follows in each section. This text is a much-needed addition to methodological work in the social sciences— not just because of its niche application to textual data, but because it contributes an important argument amid our occasional obsession with methodological purity at the cost o","PeriodicalId":46889,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Sociology-A Journal of Reviews","volume":"52 1","pages":"348 - 350"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41426871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.1177/00943061231181317a
M. Berg
Climate change has made it clear that humans are facing one of their most daunting challenges: to reach broad awareness of the unsustainability of current trajectories of development and to change the route. However, the global environmental issues at hand are not limited to climate change. Humanity has come to interfere with several planetary boundaries, including biodiversity loss, chemical pollution, and freshwater use (Rockström et al. 2009). Human interference with planetary systems and its fundamental environmental consequences have led to the conclusion that we have entered a new geological era. We are now living in the Anthropocene. The concept of Anthropocene suggests that no part of the natural world is untouched by humans. This implies that humans have broad responsibility for nature and that solutions to environmental problems need to place humans near the center (p. 11). One of the most dramatic consequences of these insights is that humans are (or should be) competing against time to limit the negative consequences of the current environmental crises. Democratic Norms of Earth System Governance: Deliberative Politics in the Anthropocene, by Walter Baber and Robert Bartlett, starts with this daunting challenge, arguing that ‘‘[t]he processes that must be confronted and reflexively transformed lie at the heart of modernity, notably the forces and relations of economic production, the ways that risk is managed, and the processes of knowledge generation and dissemination’’ (p. 1). But the challenge does not end there. In a global world economy and political order, successful governance measures need to address local to global levels through institutions that are not only flexible and adjustable to context but that are also accountable and serve to protect nature and humans in a just and responsible manner. Due to the limited time frame that is available to address these challenges before they grow even more severe, Baber and Bartlett suggest that the existing global administrative bureaucracy is bound to have a key role in this transformation. A deliberative model of administrative accountability may serve to increase its legitimacy and efficiency, as well as moral accountability. The book, as I read it, fills two purposes. The first one is to map the terrain of global environmental governance, and the second one is to propose and argue for institutional changes suitable for environmental governance in the Anthropocene. When mapping the terrain, Baber and Bartlett start with five dimensions of global environmental governance that have been key topics within academic debate over the last decades. There has been an extensive debate regarding the role of the state as well as the influence of a broader set of actors in governance networks. When accounting for agency in global environmental governance, Baber and Bartlett give specific attention to academics, activists, billionaires, and bureaucrats; people or groups within the established sy
气候变化清楚地表明，人类正面临着最艰巨的挑战之一:广泛认识到当前发展轨迹的不可持续性，并改变发展路线。然而，当前的全球环境问题并不局限于气候变化。人类已经开始干扰几个地球边界，包括生物多样性丧失、化学污染和淡水利用(Rockström et al. 2009)。人类对行星系统的干扰及其对环境的根本影响使我们得出这样的结论:我们已经进入了一个新的地质时代。我们现在生活在人类世。人类世的概念表明，自然界的任何部分都是人类未曾触及的。这意味着人类对自然负有广泛的责任，解决环境问题需要把人类放在中心附近(第11页)。这些见解所带来的最引人注目的后果之一是，人类正在(或应该)与时间竞争，以限制当前环境危机的负面后果。沃尔特·巴伯和罗伯特·巴特利特的《地球系统治理的民主规范:人类世中的协商政治》从这一艰巨的挑战开始，认为“必须面对和反思性地改变的过程位于现代性的核心，特别是经济生产的力量和关系，风险管理的方式，以及知识产生和传播的过程”(第1页)。但挑战并没有就此结束。在全球化的世界经济和政治秩序中，成功的治理措施需要通过不仅灵活和可根据具体情况调整，而且负责任并以公正和负责任的方式保护自然和人类的机构来解决地方和全球层面的问题。由于在这些挑战变得更加严重之前，应对这些挑战的可用时间有限，Baber和Bartlett认为，现有的全球行政官僚制度势必在这一转变中发挥关键作用。行政问责的协商模式可能有助于提高其合法性和效率，以及道德问责。在我看来，这本书有两个目的。第一个是绘制全球环境治理的版图，第二个是提出并论证适合人类世环境治理的制度变革。在绘制地形图时，巴伯和巴特利特从全球环境治理的五个维度开始，这些维度在过去几十年里一直是学术辩论的关键话题。关于国家的角色以及治理网络中更广泛的行为者的影响，人们进行了广泛的辩论。在考虑全球环境治理中的机构时，Baber和Bartlett特别关注学者、活动家、亿万富翁和官僚;在已建立的系统内具有推动和挑战系统以完成变革性变化的潜力的人或团体。其他方面是环境治理的结构(其体制结构)，例如全球协定和框架、伙伴关系和网络;问责制和合法性问题;公平分配资源;以及治理系统对不同背景和环境的适应性。本书的章节旨在概述环境治理的这五个维度(机构、架构、问责制、分配和适应性)与良好环境治理的五个规范民主标准之间的关键联系，即它应该是赋权的、嵌入的、实验性的、模棱两可的和公平的。这些规范标准被认为对人类世有效的环境治理至关重要。在《评论317》中，模棱两可和实验性是对全球环境治理特别关键的准则
{"title":"Democratic Norms of Earth System Governance: Deliberative Politics in the Anthropocene","authors":"M. Berg","doi":"10.1177/00943061231181317a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00943061231181317a","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change has made it clear that humans are facing one of their most daunting challenges: to reach broad awareness of the unsustainability of current trajectories of development and to change the route. However, the global environmental issues at hand are not limited to climate change. Humanity has come to interfere with several planetary boundaries, including biodiversity loss, chemical pollution, and freshwater use (Rockström et al. 2009). Human interference with planetary systems and its fundamental environmental consequences have led to the conclusion that we have entered a new geological era. We are now living in the Anthropocene. The concept of Anthropocene suggests that no part of the natural world is untouched by humans. This implies that humans have broad responsibility for nature and that solutions to environmental problems need to place humans near the center (p. 11). One of the most dramatic consequences of these insights is that humans are (or should be) competing against time to limit the negative consequences of the current environmental crises. Democratic Norms of Earth System Governance: Deliberative Politics in the Anthropocene, by Walter Baber and Robert Bartlett, starts with this daunting challenge, arguing that ‘‘[t]he processes that must be confronted and reflexively transformed lie at the heart of modernity, notably the forces and relations of economic production, the ways that risk is managed, and the processes of knowledge generation and dissemination’’ (p. 1). But the challenge does not end there. In a global world economy and political order, successful governance measures need to address local to global levels through institutions that are not only flexible and adjustable to context but that are also accountable and serve to protect nature and humans in a just and responsible manner. Due to the limited time frame that is available to address these challenges before they grow even more severe, Baber and Bartlett suggest that the existing global administrative bureaucracy is bound to have a key role in this transformation. A deliberative model of administrative accountability may serve to increase its legitimacy and efficiency, as well as moral accountability. The book, as I read it, fills two purposes. The first one is to map the terrain of global environmental governance, and the second one is to propose and argue for institutional changes suitable for environmental governance in the Anthropocene. When mapping the terrain, Baber and Bartlett start with five dimensions of global environmental governance that have been key topics within academic debate over the last decades. There has been an extensive debate regarding the role of the state as well as the influence of a broader set of actors in governance networks. When accounting for agency in global environmental governance, Baber and Bartlett give specific attention to academics, activists, billionaires, and bureaucrats; people or groups within the established sy","PeriodicalId":46889,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Sociology-A Journal of Reviews","volume":"52 1","pages":"317 - 319"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42009321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.1177/00943061231181317cc
Dan Cassino
{"title":"Essential Dads: The Inequalities and Politics of Fathering","authors":"Dan Cassino","doi":"10.1177/00943061231181317cc","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00943061231181317cc","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46889,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Sociology-A Journal of Reviews","volume":"52 1","pages":"370 - 372"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48361151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.1177/00943061231181317ll
Ranita Ray
risk of childhood obesity. Valdez argues that we do not need this type of science to know who is sick now nor to predict who will get sick in the future—we already know. This is what Valdez calls ‘‘epigenetic foreclosure,’’ which is essentially the insights gained and lost by examining some, but not all, epigenetic variables using traditional evidence-based medicine. Weighing the Future also gives readers an interesting glimpse into clinical trial recruitment. The trials under study had goals to recruit a diverse sample of overweight women, yet recruitment did not acknowledge the history of racism in medical experimentation nor societal fat-shaming. We also saw why people chose to enroll in prenatal nutritional clinical trials; these people wanted support in enduring social and medical stigmas associated with being overweight, diverse, and pregnant in a fat-phobic, racist society (p. 138). Yet, by enrolling in these trials, the participants subject themselves to extra surveillance and management practices that are not devoid of these stigmatizing cultural conceptions. Readers are also exposed to methodological issues such as the types of data that are collected in clinical trials (e.g., Valdez notes that certain aspects of epigenetics are selectively ignored) and how they are classified. Valdez also captures the complexity of trying to categorize race and ethnicity into distinct and quantifiable categories. These data collection and classification decisions are made by the PI and research team; thus, depending on the study, different data could be collected, or the same data that are collected could be classified differently (e.g., behavioral versus biological, when the two may be interrelated). What data are collected and how they are classified moves research in certain directions, including ultimate findings and suggestions for potential interventions. These data can also be used or sold for other medical research. This book could be of interest for graduate courses in public health, science and medicine studies, medical sociology, health sciences, and race or ethnic studies. Readers are left with the knowledge that the trials Valdez observed, and others, did not find conclusive results on effects of pregnancy weight gain on offspring; yet many scientists maintain their theoretical orientations and shift those to further surveilling preand post-pregnancy eating behaviors. Thus, in our current iteration of scientific knowledge, individual bodies remain the focus, rather than larger environmental or epigenetic explanatory variables. This is exactly why we need this book and need to continue to embed social science in health studies.
{"title":"The Movement for Reproductive Justice: Empowering Women of Color through Social Activism","authors":"Ranita Ray","doi":"10.1177/00943061231181317ll","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00943061231181317ll","url":null,"abstract":"risk of childhood obesity. Valdez argues that we do not need this type of science to know who is sick now nor to predict who will get sick in the future—we already know. This is what Valdez calls ‘‘epigenetic foreclosure,’’ which is essentially the insights gained and lost by examining some, but not all, epigenetic variables using traditional evidence-based medicine. Weighing the Future also gives readers an interesting glimpse into clinical trial recruitment. The trials under study had goals to recruit a diverse sample of overweight women, yet recruitment did not acknowledge the history of racism in medical experimentation nor societal fat-shaming. We also saw why people chose to enroll in prenatal nutritional clinical trials; these people wanted support in enduring social and medical stigmas associated with being overweight, diverse, and pregnant in a fat-phobic, racist society (p. 138). Yet, by enrolling in these trials, the participants subject themselves to extra surveillance and management practices that are not devoid of these stigmatizing cultural conceptions. Readers are also exposed to methodological issues such as the types of data that are collected in clinical trials (e.g., Valdez notes that certain aspects of epigenetics are selectively ignored) and how they are classified. Valdez also captures the complexity of trying to categorize race and ethnicity into distinct and quantifiable categories. These data collection and classification decisions are made by the PI and research team; thus, depending on the study, different data could be collected, or the same data that are collected could be classified differently (e.g., behavioral versus biological, when the two may be interrelated). What data are collected and how they are classified moves research in certain directions, including ultimate findings and suggestions for potential interventions. These data can also be used or sold for other medical research. This book could be of interest for graduate courses in public health, science and medicine studies, medical sociology, health sciences, and race or ethnic studies. Readers are left with the knowledge that the trials Valdez observed, and others, did not find conclusive results on effects of pregnancy weight gain on offspring; yet many scientists maintain their theoretical orientations and shift those to further surveilling preand post-pregnancy eating behaviors. Thus, in our current iteration of scientific knowledge, individual bodies remain the focus, rather than larger environmental or epigenetic explanatory variables. This is exactly why we need this book and need to continue to embed social science in health studies.","PeriodicalId":46889,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Sociology-A Journal of Reviews","volume":"52 1","pages":"386 - 387"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48099172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.1177/00943061231181317ii
Amanda Pullum
come from a mostly homogeneous group, their experiences as activists differ widely. Stanger discovered gendered differences in participants’ responses and experiences. Men and women described their reasons for joining their respective movements differently, and they described jails, prison camps, and prisons differently based on their experiences in separate carceral spaces. Stanger argues that women tended to leave prison more changed and with a greater desire to participate in prison reform or abolition. But gender is not the sole factor in Stanger’s analysis. She analyzes the differences between religious and non-religious participants, noting how religious beliefs shaped carceral experiences. She also takes time to discuss race and racial identity, including a particularly memorable story where white participants were ‘‘baffled’’ when SOA Watch member Derrlyn Tom had to explain that their prison experiences differed because the other activists were ‘‘not of color’’ (p. 131). Derrlyn’s explanation points to one of Stanger’s recurring points: most of the participants in this study possess what Stanger calls ‘‘privilege power,’’ which allows them to act as they do (p. 100). They can act as prison witnesses because their white skin, economic privileges, high levels of education, Christian/ Catholic faith, heterosexuality or chaste status, and professional achievements make them seem like unlikely prisoners. Privilege often acts as a shield for participants; it serves as a tool that participants can wield, and it also shapes their experiences as prisoners. However, Stanger’s research reveals that this ‘‘privilege power’’ does not lead to universal experiences for the participants in her study. Stanger is clear about what this study does and does not focus on. She does not debate whether or not the actions taken by the participants in her study count as nonviolent to everyone because she accepts that these actors have articulated their actions as nonviolent. She also stresses that while she understands the limitations and shortcomings of the participants and movements in her research, she chose to uplift the stories that provide models for transformative change. Her work does not ignore difficult questions, but it remains focused on her subjects and their voices. There are some weaknesses within this study—notably, in her historical analysis, Stanger fails to fully address the violent aspects of abolition, and she mentions historical figures such as Emma Goldman and Alexander Berkman without discussing any of their public stances on the use of violence for tactical means. However, the strengths of this research outweigh its weaknesses. Incarcerated Resistance offers a thoughtful, feminist analysis of justice action prisoners. Stanger’s work can help readers better understand how activists employ privilege to fight injustice, as well as the consequences of their work.
{"title":"Movements and Parties: Critical Connections in American Political Development","authors":"Amanda Pullum","doi":"10.1177/00943061231181317ii","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00943061231181317ii","url":null,"abstract":"come from a mostly homogeneous group, their experiences as activists differ widely. Stanger discovered gendered differences in participants’ responses and experiences. Men and women described their reasons for joining their respective movements differently, and they described jails, prison camps, and prisons differently based on their experiences in separate carceral spaces. Stanger argues that women tended to leave prison more changed and with a greater desire to participate in prison reform or abolition. But gender is not the sole factor in Stanger’s analysis. She analyzes the differences between religious and non-religious participants, noting how religious beliefs shaped carceral experiences. She also takes time to discuss race and racial identity, including a particularly memorable story where white participants were ‘‘baffled’’ when SOA Watch member Derrlyn Tom had to explain that their prison experiences differed because the other activists were ‘‘not of color’’ (p. 131). Derrlyn’s explanation points to one of Stanger’s recurring points: most of the participants in this study possess what Stanger calls ‘‘privilege power,’’ which allows them to act as they do (p. 100). They can act as prison witnesses because their white skin, economic privileges, high levels of education, Christian/ Catholic faith, heterosexuality or chaste status, and professional achievements make them seem like unlikely prisoners. Privilege often acts as a shield for participants; it serves as a tool that participants can wield, and it also shapes their experiences as prisoners. However, Stanger’s research reveals that this ‘‘privilege power’’ does not lead to universal experiences for the participants in her study. Stanger is clear about what this study does and does not focus on. She does not debate whether or not the actions taken by the participants in her study count as nonviolent to everyone because she accepts that these actors have articulated their actions as nonviolent. She also stresses that while she understands the limitations and shortcomings of the participants and movements in her research, she chose to uplift the stories that provide models for transformative change. Her work does not ignore difficult questions, but it remains focused on her subjects and their voices. There are some weaknesses within this study—notably, in her historical analysis, Stanger fails to fully address the violent aspects of abolition, and she mentions historical figures such as Emma Goldman and Alexander Berkman without discussing any of their public stances on the use of violence for tactical means. However, the strengths of this research outweigh its weaknesses. Incarcerated Resistance offers a thoughtful, feminist analysis of justice action prisoners. Stanger’s work can help readers better understand how activists employ privilege to fight injustice, as well as the consequences of their work.","PeriodicalId":46889,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Sociology-A Journal of Reviews","volume":"52 1","pages":"381 - 383"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48247356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.1177/00943061231181317i
Katherine K. Chen
bloc. Following the line of Francis Fukuyama’s ‘‘the end of history,’’ many academicians in the United States appear to believe that Communist ideology, even if it was dangerous, evaporated at the end of the Cold War, even though one-fifth of the world’s population has remained under the iron grip of a Communist Party that is indeed totalitarian with a global reach, and its threats to liberal democracies have increased in recent years. Clearly following a leftist line, Chapters Three through Five are framed in terms of race, gender, and sexuality and are critical of conservative religious coalitions in American politics. The framing issue or biased political position aside, it is actually interesting to read about Black entertainer Sammy Davis Jr. and White celebrities Marilyn Monroe and Elizabeth Taylor converting from Protestantism to Judaism in the 1960s, Black boxer Cassius Clay/Muhammad Ali to Islam (the Nation of Islam in particular, although later he changed to Sunni Islam) in the 1960s, and Chuck Colson (a former advisor of President Richard Nixon) and several others to Evangelical Protestantism in the 1970s. These highly publicized conversions variously attracted and repelled many people, as described by the author. As time goes on, however, it has become accepted by the American public as normal for Americans to convert to these and other religions. The author details the initial disbelief of Ali’s conversion by his own father and the media. Eventually, however, Davis admits that ‘‘Ali represented the greatness of American athleticism and the strength of American religious freedom when he lit the Olympic torch in 1996 in Atlanta’’ (p. 176). Given the eventual acceptance or affirmation of Muhammad Ali by the American public, I think it is right to say that religious freedom in the United States has in fact been enlarged to be inclusive of various religions. As a matter of fact, the anti-cult paranoia also died down by the 1990s. Religion in America has changed greatly in the twentieth century. In recent years, a significant proportion of Americans have given up self-identification with any religion. Which secularisms have substituted for their past religion? How much has Communism or militant atheism crept up on American society or politics again? What about religious conversions in other parts of the world, especially in post-Communist Eastern Europe and the rapidly developing economies of East and Southeast Asia? This historical study serves as a call for scholars to carry out more objective, unbiased, social scientific studies of conversion across religions and religion-like secularisms in the United States and around the globe.
{"title":"Justice in the Workplace: Overcoming Ethical Dilemmas","authors":"Katherine K. Chen","doi":"10.1177/00943061231181317i","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00943061231181317i","url":null,"abstract":"bloc. Following the line of Francis Fukuyama’s ‘‘the end of history,’’ many academicians in the United States appear to believe that Communist ideology, even if it was dangerous, evaporated at the end of the Cold War, even though one-fifth of the world’s population has remained under the iron grip of a Communist Party that is indeed totalitarian with a global reach, and its threats to liberal democracies have increased in recent years. Clearly following a leftist line, Chapters Three through Five are framed in terms of race, gender, and sexuality and are critical of conservative religious coalitions in American politics. The framing issue or biased political position aside, it is actually interesting to read about Black entertainer Sammy Davis Jr. and White celebrities Marilyn Monroe and Elizabeth Taylor converting from Protestantism to Judaism in the 1960s, Black boxer Cassius Clay/Muhammad Ali to Islam (the Nation of Islam in particular, although later he changed to Sunni Islam) in the 1960s, and Chuck Colson (a former advisor of President Richard Nixon) and several others to Evangelical Protestantism in the 1970s. These highly publicized conversions variously attracted and repelled many people, as described by the author. As time goes on, however, it has become accepted by the American public as normal for Americans to convert to these and other religions. The author details the initial disbelief of Ali’s conversion by his own father and the media. Eventually, however, Davis admits that ‘‘Ali represented the greatness of American athleticism and the strength of American religious freedom when he lit the Olympic torch in 1996 in Atlanta’’ (p. 176). Given the eventual acceptance or affirmation of Muhammad Ali by the American public, I think it is right to say that religious freedom in the United States has in fact been enlarged to be inclusive of various religions. As a matter of fact, the anti-cult paranoia also died down by the 1990s. Religion in America has changed greatly in the twentieth century. In recent years, a significant proportion of Americans have given up self-identification with any religion. Which secularisms have substituted for their past religion? How much has Communism or militant atheism crept up on American society or politics again? What about religious conversions in other parts of the world, especially in post-Communist Eastern Europe and the rapidly developing economies of East and Southeast Asia? This historical study serves as a call for scholars to carry out more objective, unbiased, social scientific studies of conversion across religions and religion-like secularisms in the United States and around the globe.","PeriodicalId":46889,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Sociology-A Journal of Reviews","volume":"52 1","pages":"332 - 333"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45402493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.1177/00943061231181316
Tristan Bridges
Beth Montemurro’s newest book, Getting It, Having It, Keeping It Up: Straight Men’s Sexuality in Public and Private, is among the most nuanced treatments of the sexual lives of cisgender straight men in the United States with which I am familiar. In the project, Montemurro explores how this group of men navigates their sexual identities and interactions from young adulthood through older age. This enables Montemurro to chart shifts in cisgender straight men’s sexual lives and selves over the course of the five decades of the life course represented by the project. It is a remarkable book from which I learned a great deal; it contributes lots of new information and charts new directions in research on the ways gender inequality structures cisgender straight men’s sexual lives and identities alongside collections of diverse and intersectional consequences. The data the book summarizes and analyzes comprise 95 interviews with straight cisgender men between the ages of 20 and 68. The sample is pretty evenly spread by decade of men’s lives in her sample. And this is important, as Montemurro notes that a good deal of the work on cisgender straight men’s sexualities has concentrated on adolescent and college-aged boys and men on one end of the life course and elderly men on the other. The data also include a racially diverse group, and similar proportions of the sample were married and were fathers to those reported by the U.S. Census (which is a majority here). The data themselves are fascinating for so many reasons, but one that stood out for me was that these men were willing to speak so candidly with Montemurro and her research assistants. Montemurro is a practiced scholar of sexualities and sexual life, but this stands out as cisgender straight men in the U.S. are not a group that has a reputation for enjoying speaking openly and honestly about all the nuances of their sex lives. So these men’s stories of their sexual lives offer a great deal of new information, helping us better comprehend cisgender straight men’s understandings of their own sexual selves and lives over the life course and in different contexts. Montemurro’s overarching framework and argument in Getting It, Having It, Keeping It Up is that sex authenticates masculinity in ways that cause sexual interactions to be laden with opportunities for cisgender straight men to gain (and lose) gendered social status. This builds on previous research and theory on the ways gender inequalities and sexual identities and practices are deeply intertwined. Montemurro adds to this work, in particular, with her focus on a distinction she refers to as between public and private masculinities. As she writes, ‘‘I look at how context impacts the expression of masculinity by examining the notion of private masculinities—that is, the way men demonstrate masculinity in intimate situations, where they are less likely to be policed’’ (p. 16). Here, Montemurro argues, women are framed by men as having the cap
Beth Montemurro的新书《得到它，拥有它，保持它:异性恋男性在公共和私人场合的性行为》是我所熟悉的对美国异性恋男性性生活最细致入微的处理之一。在这个项目中，Montemurro探索了这群男人如何从青年到老年，在他们的性别身份和互动中导航。这使得Montemurro能够绘制出顺性异性恋男性在该项目所代表的50年生命历程中性生活和自我的变化。这是一本了不起的书，我从中学到了很多东西;它提供了许多新的信息，并为性别不平等如何构建顺性异性恋男性的性生活和身份的研究指明了新的方向，同时也带来了各种各样的交叉后果。这本书总结和分析的数据包括对95名年龄在20岁至68岁之间的异性恋男性的采访。样本在她的样本中是均匀分布的。这一点很重要，正如Montemurro所指出的，很多关于顺性异性恋男性性行为的研究都集中在青春期和大学年龄的男孩和处于生命历程一端的男性，以及处于另一端的老年男性。这些数据还包括一个种族多样化的群体，样本中已婚和已为人父的比例与美国人口普查局报告的比例相似(这在这里占多数)。这些数据本身吸引人的原因有很多，但其中一个让我印象深刻的是，这些人愿意如此坦率地与蒙特莫罗和她的研究助理交谈。Montemurro是一位在性行为和性生活方面经验丰富的学者，但这一点很突出，因为在美国，异性恋男性并不是一个以喜欢公开和诚实地谈论他们性生活的所有细微差别而闻名的群体。因此，这些男性的性生活故事提供了大量新的信息，帮助我们更好地理解顺性直男对自己的性自我的理解，以及在不同的生活过程和不同的背景下的生活。Montemurro在《得到它，拥有它，保持它》一书中的总体框架和论点是，性以某种方式证明了男子气概，这种方式使性互动充满了让顺性直男获得(或失去)性别社会地位的机会。这是建立在先前关于性别不平等、性身份和性行为深深交织在一起的研究和理论基础上的。Montemurro特别关注她所说的公共和私人男性气概之间的区别，为这项工作增添了新的内容。正如她所写的，“我通过研究私人男子气概的概念来观察环境是如何影响男子气概的表达的——也就是说，男人在亲密的情况下展示男子气概的方式，在这种情况下他们不太可能被警察监视”(第16页)。在这里，Montemurro认为，由于男性的缺席，女性被男性框定为有能力肯定或否定男性的性别认同。《得到，拥有，保持:异性恋男性在公共和私人场合的性行为》，贝丝·蒙特默罗著。New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2022。274页。$120.00布。ISBN: 9781978817838。
{"title":"On the Enduring Ways Masculinity Structures Straight Men’s Sexual Lives","authors":"Tristan Bridges","doi":"10.1177/00943061231181316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00943061231181316","url":null,"abstract":"Beth Montemurro’s newest book, Getting It, Having It, Keeping It Up: Straight Men’s Sexuality in Public and Private, is among the most nuanced treatments of the sexual lives of cisgender straight men in the United States with which I am familiar. In the project, Montemurro explores how this group of men navigates their sexual identities and interactions from young adulthood through older age. This enables Montemurro to chart shifts in cisgender straight men’s sexual lives and selves over the course of the five decades of the life course represented by the project. It is a remarkable book from which I learned a great deal; it contributes lots of new information and charts new directions in research on the ways gender inequality structures cisgender straight men’s sexual lives and identities alongside collections of diverse and intersectional consequences. The data the book summarizes and analyzes comprise 95 interviews with straight cisgender men between the ages of 20 and 68. The sample is pretty evenly spread by decade of men’s lives in her sample. And this is important, as Montemurro notes that a good deal of the work on cisgender straight men’s sexualities has concentrated on adolescent and college-aged boys and men on one end of the life course and elderly men on the other. The data also include a racially diverse group, and similar proportions of the sample were married and were fathers to those reported by the U.S. Census (which is a majority here). The data themselves are fascinating for so many reasons, but one that stood out for me was that these men were willing to speak so candidly with Montemurro and her research assistants. Montemurro is a practiced scholar of sexualities and sexual life, but this stands out as cisgender straight men in the U.S. are not a group that has a reputation for enjoying speaking openly and honestly about all the nuances of their sex lives. So these men’s stories of their sexual lives offer a great deal of new information, helping us better comprehend cisgender straight men’s understandings of their own sexual selves and lives over the life course and in different contexts. Montemurro’s overarching framework and argument in Getting It, Having It, Keeping It Up is that sex authenticates masculinity in ways that cause sexual interactions to be laden with opportunities for cisgender straight men to gain (and lose) gendered social status. This builds on previous research and theory on the ways gender inequalities and sexual identities and practices are deeply intertwined. Montemurro adds to this work, in particular, with her focus on a distinction she refers to as between public and private masculinities. As she writes, ‘‘I look at how context impacts the expression of masculinity by examining the notion of private masculinities—that is, the way men demonstrate masculinity in intimate situations, where they are less likely to be policed’’ (p. 16). Here, Montemurro argues, women are framed by men as having the cap","PeriodicalId":46889,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Sociology-A Journal of Reviews","volume":"52 1","pages":"295 - 298"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47109277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：