Nursing Research and Practice最新文献

Introduction: Diabetes affects more than 25% of elderly residents in nursing homes in Cádiz, Spain. Historically, therapeutic diets in these centers have included restrictions on calories, fats, and sugars, which may reduce food intake and increase the risk of malnutrition. In recent years, more flexible dietary approaches have emerged, aiming to improve both nutritional status and quality of life.

Objective: To explore the perceptions and experiences of nurses in nursing homes regarding dietary management and meal schedules for residents with diabetes.

Methods: A qualitative study was conducted with in-depth interviews of 18 nurses from nursing homes in Cádiz. Data were analyzed thematically.

Results: Three major positions emerged: (1) Support for dietary flexibility, reported by 8 out of 18 nurses, who emphasized the positive effects of relaxed dietary restrictions on residents' quality of life and emotional well-being. (2) Preference for strict diabetic diets, supported by 4 nurses, highlighting the importance of sugar-free and low-carbohydrate alternatives for glycemic control. (3) Criticism of current institutional meal schedules, expressed by 6 nurses, which were seen as rigid, contributing to long fasting periods and increased risk of nocturnal hypoglycemia. Nurses also noted that these schedules prioritize staff convenience over resident-centered care.

Conclusions: Dietary management and institutional meal schedules pose significant challenges to diabetes care in nursing homes. Incorporating greater dietary flexibility and adapting meal schedules to residents' individual needs may enhance both glycemic control and overall well-being.

Background: Self-care agency is crucial for the management of diabetes patients. The Appraisal of Self-Care Agency Scale-Revised (ASAS-R) is a reliable and brief measure of diabetic patients' SCA. In the MENA region, there is currently no Arabic version of the ASAS-R scale available.

Aim: To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Arabic version of the ASAS-R among Arabic patients with DM.

Methods: This study utilized a descriptive cross-sectional design. Exploratory factor analysis was used to test the scale's construct validity. Pearson correlation was used to test for its criterion-related and convergent validity.

Results: Participants' ASAS-R total scores significantly correlated with diabetes self-efficacy (r = 0.543, p ≤ 0.001) and diabetes self-care management (r = 0.566, p ≤ 0.001) but did not correlate with their demographics. Factor analysis revealed a 2-factor solution that retained all items and explained a variance of 46.3%. Cronbach's alpha was 0.775 for the total scale and 0.691-0.851 for subscales indicating a high internal consistency. Also, no item redundancy was noted with the maximum interitem correlation of 0.695.

Conclusion: The ASAS-R was found to be a psychometrically sound measure to evaluate self-care agency among Arabic patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus, for which future studies interested in self-care among patients with diabetes are invited to use the ASAS-R to validate its psychometric properties.

The transition process for newly graduated registered nurses (NGN) entering hospital work is critical in managing challenges like insecurity and stress, while also supporting role navigation, learning, job satisfaction and retention. This study aimed to explore NGNs' perceptions and experiences during their first four months transitioning to hospital work. A cross-sectional survey with Likert-scale questions and two open-ended free text questions was conducted with NGNs enrolled in a regional transition program at five Swedish hospitals, gathering data from 216 nurses between September 2021 and September 2022. Descriptive statistics and qualitative content analysis were used to assess the data. The findings revealed that 61% of NGNs felt well prepared by their undergraduate nursing education, and 85% enjoyed their profession as nurses. Most reported they were integrated into their teams, satisfied with their support, and understood their responsibilities. However, only 28% reported feeling fully recovered for work, and 44% expressed fear of making mistakes. Qualitative responses highlighted feelings of unpreparedness for the workload, pace and ward-specific routines, although opportunities for learning, building relationships and validating their skills were viewed positively. The transition experience was influenced by individual, social, and organisational factors. Ongoing improvement in transition processes requires shared responsibility between nurses, educational institutions and hospitals.

Aim: This paper explores the impact of a Spaced Retrieval and Montessori-based activity (SPREMON) intervention on mealtime independence, mealtime engagement and affect (mood), and the nutritional status of people with dementia living in nursing homes.

Methods: Quasi-experimental pilot study design. The SPREMON intervention consisted of 20 sessions delivered over 7 weeks. Data were collected at baseline, postintervention, and at 3-month follow-up, using the Edinburgh Feeding Evaluation in Dementia Scale, the Engagement of a Person with Dementia Scale, and the Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data.

Results: Of the 20 consumer participants enrolled, 8 (40%) completed the intervention. The completed groups had significantly lower eating difficulty, significantly higher engagement and affect scores, and fewer comorbidities and polypharmacy than the dropouts at baseline. Engagement and affect and drink consumption changed significantly from pre- to postintervention. While positive trends were observed in eating difficulties and nutritional status scores within the completed group, these changes did not reach statistical significance.

Conclusions: Delivering the SPREMON intervention via this pilot study demonstrates its feasibility and potential benefits, given the positive trends in eating independence, engagement, affect, and nutrition. Larger studies are needed to confirm these findings, assess who benefits most, and explore scalability.

Implications: Combining SPREMON may improve eating independence, engagement and affect, and nutrition outcomes in people with dementia.

Impact: SPREMON shows promise as a person-centered approach to enhance mealtime outcomes in dementia care, informing practice for health professionals, researchers, and care managers.

Patient or public contribution: This intervention was co-designed with aged care professionals and consumer participants.

Trial registration: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry: 12623001031651.

Background: Disasters create an environment characterized by chaos and uncertainty, often leaving nurses feeling unsupported by their management. Despite this, nurses play a crucial role in the healthcare system's response during such crises. Therefore, this study aims to explore the perspectives of experts on human resource management in nursing during disasters and emergencies.

Methods: This study employed a conventional qualitative content analysis design. Purposive sampling was used to recruit 21 experts and disaster managers in Iran between February and April 2025. Data were collected through semistructured interviews, which were audio recorded with participants' consent, transcribed verbatim into Word documents, and imported into MAXQDA software (Version 2020) for systematic organization and analysis. The data were analyzed using Graneheim and Lundman's (2020) qualitative content analysis method.

Results: The analysis of the findings resulted in one main theme, poor nursing human resource management in disasters, and five subthemes, ineffective command process, passive presence and withdrawal, ineffective employment of volunteer nursing, insufficient attention to safety, and insufficient reinforcement of motivation.

Conclusion: Given our ongoing observations of nurses' capabilities during disasters and emergencies, it is expected that the results of this study will aid planners, policymakers, and health sector managers in effectively allocating nursing manpower in potential future disasters. This will improve the quality of services offered to injured individuals and their families during such events.

Aim: To test the structural validity and internal consistency of one (A-scale) of the two Professional Nurse Self-Assessment Scale II (ProffNurse SAS II) scales among graduating Nordic nursing students with the goal of assessing their psychometric properties when used separately.

Design: This study employed an explorative factor analyses to validate the ProffNurse SAS II A-scale items (n = 50) (self-assessed clinical competence).

Methods: The data were analyzed using jamovi Version 2.3.21. The suitability of the data for the planned analyses was assessed using established criteria for good model fit prior to conducting statistical tests. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used to examine the underlying structure of one of the two scales, given its application in a new population and the lack of prior confirmation of its factor structure within this specific context. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's alpha.

Data sources: Convenience sampling was used to select the participants among graduating nursing students in five Nordic countries. Data collection was made digitally during 2021-2022. A total of 274 graduating nursing students from five Nordic countries and 12 different universities completed the ProffNurse SAS II A-scale holding 50 items in local languages.

Results: EFA and parallel analysis elicited a five-factor solution accounting for 52.14% of variance in scores. Internal consistency reliability was supported with Cronbach's alpha of 0.960 for the ProffNurse SAS II A-scale. The five factors were named Direct Clinical Practice (1), Ethical and Collaborative Practice (2); Pharmaceutical Practice (3); Digital Coaching and Guidance (4); and Development and Leadership (5). The A-scale with a reduced number of items (from 50 to 44 items) showed proper structural validity and internal consistency for measuring self-assessed clinical competence and needs for further training among graduating nursing students.

Conclusions: The scale supports the study's theoretical framework and competencies of the graduating nursing students.

Implications for the profession and/or patient care: Self-assessment supports evidence-based practice and nursing education, and the ProffNurse SAS II A-scale offers a valid tool for measuring clinical competence among graduating students.

Reporting method: The STROBE checklist for cross-sectional studies was adhered to, as well as the COSMIN reporting guideline.

Patient or public contribution: Graduating nursing students from five Nordic countries contributed to the study by answering the questionnaire.

Objective: This study aims to comprehend the current status of prehospital delay among patients with acute myocardial infarction. It analyzes the correlation between various factors and prehospital delay and explores the influencing factors. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted. From February to June 2023, 260 AMI patients were selected by consecutive sampling from the study hospital in Yanji City, Jilin Province. General Data Questionnaire, Pain level Scale, Family Support Scale, Psychological distress scale, and Chinese version of the perceived impairment of medical decision-making scale were used. SPSS 28.0 and AMOS 28.0 were employed for t-test, chi-square test, Pearson correlation analysis, binary logistic regression analysis, and model construction. Results: The median prehospital delay time was 4.67 h. There were 174 patients with prehospital delay, accounting for 66.92%. The structural equation model indicated that the total effect values of prehospital delay influencing factors from strong to weak were pain level (-0.294), a perceptual disorder of medical decision-making (0.209), psychological distress (0.084), and family support (-0.068). Conclusions: Approximately two-thirds of patients experience a prehospital delay. Risk factors for prehospital delay include being female, lower family monthly income, lower education level, complications, symptom relief after taking medicine, lack of health care awareness, seeing a doctor alone, psychological distress, and perceptual disorder of medical decision-making. Protective factors are the pain level and family support. Patient or Public Contribution: No patient or public contribution. Reporting Method: The authors adhered to the EQUATOR network guidelines STROBE to report observational cross-sectional studies.

Background: Numerous programs were promoted during the COVID-19 pandemic to mitigate stress and provide support. Healthcare workers (HCWs) response to these support measures has not been evaluated. Objective/Aim: The objective of this study was to identify and describe the HCWs well-being and support needs over the course of the pandemic and to inform disaster planning preparations. Methods: In this qualitative descriptive study, five semistructured focus groups with 24 multidisciplinary HCWs were conducted between March and June 2022. Using thematic analysis, team members read each transcript to identify patterns in the phrases and apply codes. Phrases were then compressed, and themes identified. Results: Three phases were identified, each with unique themes. Phase 1) "The Beginning": themes included "hard to know what's right", "looked like a warzone", "we're all in it together", "seeing patients suffer", and "it was kind of nonstop". Phase 2) "Tide Turned": themes included "trying to be strong", "angry when they had to come back", and "wanted it both ways". Phase 3) "Starting to Process": themes included "I couldn't cry then", "started therapy, had to keep living", and "considered leaving". Conclusions: HCWs need support during and after prolonged crises to manage ongoing fears and anxieties. Leader presence during the crisis is valuable. Disaster planning through interdisciplinary shared governance is warranted to identify and develop appropriate and meaningful interventions. Resources and plans for psychological support need to be vetted by staff. Support is required in preparation for the crisis, as well as during and after the crisis.

Background: In recent decades, noise pollution has become a significant concern, especially in sensitive environments such as hospitals. For neonates in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), noise can have serious implications due to their underdeveloped auditory and physiological systems. Elevated noise levels in NICUs have been linked to disruptions in normal physiological parameters and can negatively impact both neonatal health and staff performance. Aim: To identify and quantify sources of noise in the intensive care unit of a hospital NICU. Methods: An observational study was conducted to assess noise levels in a Mexican NICU. Noise measurements were taken across 22 different scenarios identified as potential noise sources, during all three shifts to capture variations throughout the day. Results: Noise levels ranged from 45 to 70 decibels (dB). The nursing shift change was identified as the scenario with the highest noise level, while the paper dispenser area recorded the lowest. These findings highlight specific times and locations within the NICU where noise reduction interventions should be focused. Conclusions: Targeted noise control strategies, especially during shift changes, could significantly improve the acoustic environment in NICUs, helping to safeguard neonatal well-being and staff performance.

Aim: The aim of this study is to explore the international landscape and hot topics within the field of wound, ostomy, and continence (WOC) nursing over recent years. Methods: Literature on WOC nursing published between 2012 and 2024 was retrieved from the Web of Science database. VOSviewer was employed as the primary tool, complemented by CiteSpace, to conduct a bibliometric analysis. This included examining collaborative networks at the author, institutional, and national levels, alongside keyword visualizations employing clustering, time zone diagram analysis, and emergence analyses. Results: An initial search identified 3474 publications. These were subsequently grouped into eight central clusters, encompassing the work of 6341 authors. Analysis revealed current research hotspots, including the field of pressure injury, ostomy management, wound management, incontinence, skin damage, therapy technology, nursing care, and telehealth. Conclusion: First, scientific research attention in the field of WOC nursing is not high. Second, the uneven development of WOC nursing is mainly reflected in the imbalance in the number of publications between journals and countries. Third, the research focus of WOC nursing is in the wound care sector, among which pressure injuries have always been a research hotspot.