Many years ago, Sundheim proposed the “universal golden rule” by experiments, i.e. the ratio of the partial ionic conductivities in molten binary salt is equal to the inverse mass ratio of each ions, σ+/σ− = m−/m−. In the previous works, we have proved this relation by the theory using Langevin equation, and by molecular dynamics simulations (MD). In this study, the pseudo binary molten salt NaCl‐KCl system is investigated in the same theoretical framework as previous works as the serial work in molten salts. The MD results are also reported in connection with the theoretical analysis.
{"title":"A Theory of Electrical Conductivity of Pseudo‐Binary Equivalent Molten Salt","authors":"S. Matsunaga, T. Koishi, S. Tamaki","doi":"10.1063/1.2897825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2897825","url":null,"abstract":"Many years ago, Sundheim proposed the “universal golden rule” by experiments, i.e. the ratio of the partial ionic conductivities in molten binary salt is equal to the inverse mass ratio of each ions, σ+/σ− = m−/m−. In the previous works, we have proved this relation by the theory using Langevin equation, and by molecular dynamics simulations (MD). In this study, the pseudo binary molten salt NaCl‐KCl system is investigated in the same theoretical framework as previous works as the serial work in molten salts. The MD results are also reported in connection with the theoretical analysis.","PeriodicalId":46935,"journal":{"name":"Complex Systems","volume":"982 1","pages":"399-402"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2008-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1063/1.2897825","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58348078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sow-Hsin Chen, F. Mallamace, Li Liu, Dazhi Liu, Xiang-Qiang Chu, Yang Zhang, Chansoo Kim, A. Faraone, C. Mou, E. Fratini, P. Baglioni, A. Kolesnikov, V. García-Sakai
We have observed a Fragile‐to‐Strong Dynamic Crossover (FSC) phenomenon of the α‐relaxation time and self‐diffusion constant in confined supercooled water. The α‐relaxation time is measured by Quasielastic Neutron Scattering (QENS) experiments and the self‐diffusion constant by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) experiments. Water is confined in 1‐d geometry in cylindrical pores of nanoscale silica materials, MCM‐41‐S and in Double‐Wall Carbon Nanotubes (DWNT). The crossover phenomenon can also be observed from appearance of a Boson peak in Incoherent Inelastic Neutron Scattering experiments. We observe a pronounced violation of the Stokes‐Einstein Relation at and below the crossover temperature at ambient pressure. Upon applying pressure to the confined water, the crossover temperature is shown to track closely the Widom line emanating from the existence of a liquid‐liquid critical point in an unattainable deeply supercooled state of bulk water. Relation of the dynamic crossover phenomenon to the existence of a density minimum in supercooled confined water is discussed. Finally, we discuss a role of the FSC of the hydration water in a biopolymer that controls the biofunctionality of the biopolymer.We have observed a Fragile‐to‐Strong Dynamic Crossover (FSC) phenomenon of the α‐relaxation time and self‐diffusion constant in confined supercooled water. The α‐relaxation time is measured by Quasielastic Neutron Scattering (QENS) experiments and the self‐diffusion constant by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) experiments. Water is confined in 1‐d geometry in cylindrical pores of nanoscale silica materials, MCM‐41‐S and in Double‐Wall Carbon Nanotubes (DWNT). The crossover phenomenon can also be observed from appearance of a Boson peak in Incoherent Inelastic Neutron Scattering experiments. We observe a pronounced violation of the Stokes‐Einstein Relation at and below the crossover temperature at ambient pressure. Upon applying pressure to the confined water, the crossover temperature is shown to track closely the Widom line emanating from the existence of a liquid‐liquid critical point in an unattainable deeply supercooled state of bulk water. Relation of the dynamic crossover phenomenon to the existence...
{"title":"Dynamic crossover phenomenon in confined supercooled water and its relation to the existence of a liquid-liquid critical point in water","authors":"Sow-Hsin Chen, F. Mallamace, Li Liu, Dazhi Liu, Xiang-Qiang Chu, Yang Zhang, Chansoo Kim, A. Faraone, C. Mou, E. Fratini, P. Baglioni, A. Kolesnikov, V. García-Sakai","doi":"10.1063/1.2897826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2897826","url":null,"abstract":"We have observed a Fragile‐to‐Strong Dynamic Crossover (FSC) phenomenon of the α‐relaxation time and self‐diffusion constant in confined supercooled water. The α‐relaxation time is measured by Quasielastic Neutron Scattering (QENS) experiments and the self‐diffusion constant by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) experiments. Water is confined in 1‐d geometry in cylindrical pores of nanoscale silica materials, MCM‐41‐S and in Double‐Wall Carbon Nanotubes (DWNT). The crossover phenomenon can also be observed from appearance of a Boson peak in Incoherent Inelastic Neutron Scattering experiments. We observe a pronounced violation of the Stokes‐Einstein Relation at and below the crossover temperature at ambient pressure. Upon applying pressure to the confined water, the crossover temperature is shown to track closely the Widom line emanating from the existence of a liquid‐liquid critical point in an unattainable deeply supercooled state of bulk water. Relation of the dynamic crossover phenomenon to the existence of a density minimum in supercooled confined water is discussed. Finally, we discuss a role of the FSC of the hydration water in a biopolymer that controls the biofunctionality of the biopolymer.We have observed a Fragile‐to‐Strong Dynamic Crossover (FSC) phenomenon of the α‐relaxation time and self‐diffusion constant in confined supercooled water. The α‐relaxation time is measured by Quasielastic Neutron Scattering (QENS) experiments and the self‐diffusion constant by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) experiments. Water is confined in 1‐d geometry in cylindrical pores of nanoscale silica materials, MCM‐41‐S and in Double‐Wall Carbon Nanotubes (DWNT). The crossover phenomenon can also be observed from appearance of a Boson peak in Incoherent Inelastic Neutron Scattering experiments. We observe a pronounced violation of the Stokes‐Einstein Relation at and below the crossover temperature at ambient pressure. Upon applying pressure to the confined water, the crossover temperature is shown to track closely the Widom line emanating from the existence of a liquid‐liquid critical point in an unattainable deeply supercooled state of bulk water. Relation of the dynamic crossover phenomenon to the existence...","PeriodicalId":46935,"journal":{"name":"Complex Systems","volume":"38 1","pages":"39-52"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2008-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1063/1.2897826","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58348089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Kageshima, Y. Nishihara, Y. Hirata, T. Inoue, Y. Naitoh, Y. Sugawara
Viscoelactic response of a titin single molecule chain during the course of forced unraveling was studied using atomic force microscopy. Effect of transition to/from an unfolding intermediate onto the measured elasticity data was analyzed. The result hinted that emergence of the transition onto the elasticity depends on the experimental condition such as modulation force amplitude. Anomalous slow unraveling of one domain was observed and its viscoelastic response was discussed from the viewpoint of internal friction of polymer.
{"title":"Viscoelasticity and Dynamics of Single Biopolymer Chain Measured with Magnetically Modulated Atomic Force Microscopy","authors":"M. Kageshima, Y. Nishihara, Y. Hirata, T. Inoue, Y. Naitoh, Y. Sugawara","doi":"10.1063/1.2897846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2897846","url":null,"abstract":"Viscoelactic response of a titin single molecule chain during the course of forced unraveling was studied using atomic force microscopy. Effect of transition to/from an unfolding intermediate onto the measured elasticity data was analyzed. The result hinted that emergence of the transition onto the elasticity depends on the experimental condition such as modulation force amplitude. Anomalous slow unraveling of one domain was observed and its viscoelastic response was discussed from the viewpoint of internal friction of polymer.","PeriodicalId":46935,"journal":{"name":"Complex Systems","volume":"44 1","pages":"504-507"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2008-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1063/1.2897846","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58348184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
He-ping Li, Guo Li, Wenting Sun, Sen Wang, Cheng-Yu Bao, Liyan Wang, Ziliang Huang, Nan Ding, Hongxin Zhao, X. Xing
Radio‐frequency (RF), atmospheric‐pressure glow discharge (APGD) plasmas with bare metallic electrodes have shown their promising prospects in different fields. In this paper, based on the induced gas discharge approach, the discharge characteristics of RF, APGD plasmas using helium/oxygen mixture as the plasma working‐gas are presented. The bio‐medical effects of the helium RF APGD plasma jet acting on the gfp DNA and E. coli are also reported. Studies concerning the lethal and sub‐lethal effects of the RF APGDs on the molecular and cell levels, which are related with the characteristics of the plasmas and their operation conditions are necessary in the future work based on a closer cooperation between the researchers in the field of the plasma science & technology and of the bio‐medical science.
{"title":"Radio‐Frequency, Atmospheric‐Pressure Glow Discharges: Producing Methods, Characteristics and Applications in Bio‐Medical Fields","authors":"He-ping Li, Guo Li, Wenting Sun, Sen Wang, Cheng-Yu Bao, Liyan Wang, Ziliang Huang, Nan Ding, Hongxin Zhao, X. Xing","doi":"10.1063/1.2897862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2897862","url":null,"abstract":"Radio‐frequency (RF), atmospheric‐pressure glow discharge (APGD) plasmas with bare metallic electrodes have shown their promising prospects in different fields. In this paper, based on the induced gas discharge approach, the discharge characteristics of RF, APGD plasmas using helium/oxygen mixture as the plasma working‐gas are presented. The bio‐medical effects of the helium RF APGD plasma jet acting on the gfp DNA and E. coli are also reported. Studies concerning the lethal and sub‐lethal effects of the RF APGDs on the molecular and cell levels, which are related with the characteristics of the plasmas and their operation conditions are necessary in the future work based on a closer cooperation between the researchers in the field of the plasma science & technology and of the bio‐medical science.","PeriodicalId":46935,"journal":{"name":"Complex Systems","volume":"982 1","pages":"584-591"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2008-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1063/1.2897862","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58348233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We investigate optically induced dynamics of micron‐sized particles by focusing a laser beam near the liquid‐air interface of a suspension droplet. We find three distinct regimes in behaviors of particles depending on the contact angle of the droplet: convection, linear flow and formation of a closed‐packed array. These behaviors are governed by the most dominant of effects arising from a focused laser beam, such as local heating and radiation pressure. We find that micron‐sized polystyrene beads can be assembled into a chain structure by taking advantage of linear flows. This novel method is applicable to the formation of a chain of carbon nanotubes, non‐transparent objects which are difficult to trap.
{"title":"Chain Structures of Microparticles Induced by Focusing a Laser Beam near the Liquid‐Air Interface of a Droplet","authors":"H. Adachi, K. Miyakawa","doi":"10.1063/1.2897886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2897886","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate optically induced dynamics of micron‐sized particles by focusing a laser beam near the liquid‐air interface of a suspension droplet. We find three distinct regimes in behaviors of particles depending on the contact angle of the droplet: convection, linear flow and formation of a closed‐packed array. These behaviors are governed by the most dominant of effects arising from a focused laser beam, such as local heating and radiation pressure. We find that micron‐sized polystyrene beads can be assembled into a chain structure by taking advantage of linear flows. This novel method is applicable to the formation of a chain of carbon nanotubes, non‐transparent objects which are difficult to trap.","PeriodicalId":46935,"journal":{"name":"Complex Systems","volume":"15 1","pages":"721-724"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2008-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1063/1.2897886","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58348289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We investigated certain kinds of vertex correlation in networks formed by traces of random walkers. In this paper, the sign of correlation between degree and local clustering on adjacent vertices is interpreted based on the capacity for new creation of links for highly connected vertices. These interpretations are consistent with numerical simulation of network evolution. Other types of correlation can be related with each other. It is interesting that the local rules of network evolution determined by the movement of random walkers naturally provide large clustering coefficients and various finite vertex correlations.
{"title":"Explanation of Correlation between Adjacent Vertices in Network Formed by Traces of Random Walkers","authors":"N. Ikeda","doi":"10.1063/1.2897891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2897891","url":null,"abstract":"We investigated certain kinds of vertex correlation in networks formed by traces of random walkers. In this paper, the sign of correlation between degree and local clustering on adjacent vertices is interpreted based on the capacity for new creation of links for highly connected vertices. These interpretations are consistent with numerical simulation of network evolution. Other types of correlation can be related with each other. It is interesting that the local rules of network evolution determined by the movement of random walkers naturally provide large clustering coefficients and various finite vertex correlations.","PeriodicalId":46935,"journal":{"name":"Complex Systems","volume":"982 1","pages":"740-743"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2008-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1063/1.2897891","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58348325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The origin of the specific temperature beneficial to finite‐time optimization by simulated annealing is discussed on the analogy of the dynamics of complex physical systems. Rate‐cycling experiments are introduced and performed on practical time scales on the random Euclidean traveling salesman problems. In the present systems, the effective relaxation dynamics and the resulting good optimization performance are not only dependent on but also sensitive to the search around an intermediate temperature. This influential temperature is understood to be determined from the temperature dependence of the Deborah number used to identify glass transition.
{"title":"Effectiveness of Slow Relaxation Dynamics in Finite-Time Optimization by Simulated Annealing","authors":"M. Hasegawa","doi":"10.1063/1.2897906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2897906","url":null,"abstract":"The origin of the specific temperature beneficial to finite‐time optimization by simulated annealing is discussed on the analogy of the dynamics of complex physical systems. Rate‐cycling experiments are introduced and performed on practical time scales on the random Euclidean traveling salesman problems. In the present systems, the effective relaxation dynamics and the resulting good optimization performance are not only dependent on but also sensitive to the search around an intermediate temperature. This influential temperature is understood to be determined from the temperature dependence of the Deborah number used to identify glass transition.","PeriodicalId":46935,"journal":{"name":"Complex Systems","volume":"324 1","pages":"796-799"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2008-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1063/1.2897906","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58347961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We study the radial current driven vortex dynamics in the Corbino disk sample at zero field, by using a logarithmically interacting point vortex model involving effect of temperature, random pinning centers, and disk wall confinement force. We also take into account both the current induced vortex pair nucleation and the vortex pair annihilation processes in the model. Simulation results demonstrate that the vortex motion induced voltage exhibits almost periodic pulse behavior in time, observed experimentally, for a certain range of the model parameters. Such an anomalous behavior is thought to originate from large fluctuations of the vortex number due to the collective dynamics of this vortex system.
{"title":"Vortex Nucleation Effects on Vortex Dynamics in Corbino Disk at Zero Field","authors":"Y. Enomoto, M. Ohta, Y. Yamada","doi":"10.1063/1.2897900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2897900","url":null,"abstract":"We study the radial current driven vortex dynamics in the Corbino disk sample at zero field, by using a logarithmically interacting point vortex model involving effect of temperature, random pinning centers, and disk wall confinement force. We also take into account both the current induced vortex pair nucleation and the vortex pair annihilation processes in the model. Simulation results demonstrate that the vortex motion induced voltage exhibits almost periodic pulse behavior in time, observed experimentally, for a certain range of the model parameters. Such an anomalous behavior is thought to originate from large fluctuations of the vortex number due to the collective dynamics of this vortex system.","PeriodicalId":46935,"journal":{"name":"Complex Systems","volume":"982 1","pages":"772-775"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2008-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1063/1.2897900","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58348391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A model system is studied via Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation. The system consists of 3,200 molecules placed in the rigid cubic cell with the periodic boundary condition. A molecule has 100 united atoms which are assumed the CH2. The molecule has the bonds between the united atoms nearby, the bends to the next bond, and the torsional potential. The motions of the united atoms in the model system have at least three time stages before the time region of the system relaxation. The first stage is marked by the ballistic motion. The second stage is marked by the motion in some cage. The third stage is marked by the collective motion with the surrounding united atoms. The fourth stage is marked by the elementary process which causes the system relaxation for long time.
{"title":"A Molecular Dynamics Simulation of a Supercooled System with 3,200 Model Polymers","authors":"T. Muranaka","doi":"10.1063/1.2897796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2897796","url":null,"abstract":"A model system is studied via Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation. The system consists of 3,200 molecules placed in the rigid cubic cell with the periodic boundary condition. A molecule has 100 united atoms which are assumed the CH2. The molecule has the bonds between the united atoms nearby, the bends to the next bond, and the torsional potential. The motions of the united atoms in the model system have at least three time stages before the time region of the system relaxation. The first stage is marked by the ballistic motion. The second stage is marked by the motion in some cage. The third stage is marked by the collective motion with the surrounding united atoms. The fourth stage is marked by the elementary process which causes the system relaxation for long time.","PeriodicalId":46935,"journal":{"name":"Complex Systems","volume":"982 1","pages":"244-247"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2008-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1063/1.2897796","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58348388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Hashimoto, Y. Aoki, Y. Seshimo, K. Sasanuma, Y. Ike, S. Kojima
Polymorphism and dehydration process are studied in lysozyme crystals. Three kinds of crystals with tetragonal, orthorhombic, monoclinic systems are successfully grown by two liquids method. The dehydration process of a tetragonal crystal is investigated by the micro‐Brillouin scattering techniques. This process is discussed by the Avrami–Erofe'ev equation.
{"title":"Micro‐Brillouin Scattering Study of Acoustic Properties of Protein Crystals","authors":"E. Hashimoto, Y. Aoki, Y. Seshimo, K. Sasanuma, Y. Ike, S. Kojima","doi":"10.1063/1.2897817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2897817","url":null,"abstract":"Polymorphism and dehydration process are studied in lysozyme crystals. Three kinds of crystals with tetragonal, orthorhombic, monoclinic systems are successfully grown by two liquids method. The dehydration process of a tetragonal crystal is investigated by the micro‐Brillouin scattering techniques. This process is discussed by the Avrami–Erofe'ev equation.","PeriodicalId":46935,"journal":{"name":"Complex Systems","volume":"982 1","pages":"367-370"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2008-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1063/1.2897817","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58348009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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