Z. Stacho, L. Ližbetinová, Katarína Stachová, A. Stareček
In the context of developments influenced by digitalization, as well as the crisis caused by the Covid-19 pandemic, and not most minor changes in employee demands on the working environment across all generations, new tools and concepts are being developed in the field of people management in order to sustain competitiveness. The main objective of the paper is to present results of research focused on a specific analysis of applying modern human resource management tools in entities operating in Slovakia with a focus on the maintenance and growth potential of their competitiveness in the European economic area. To meet this objective, particular data obtained through a questionnaire survey were statistically processed and 841 enterprises were contacted. Elements of playful principles (gamification), used in various human resource management tools, bring a positive effect both in saving resources and in qualitative outputs, which was the purpose of the research focus on identifying the existence of the so-called “aha effect”. Evaluations of formulated hypotheses as well as determination of whether there is a statistically significant dependence between the actual application in the enterprises and the degree of importance for their future in relation to individual tools and concepts in human resource management were carried out with the use of Spearman’s correlation test. The research results show that there is a strong positive and statistically significant dependence between the actual application of the analyzed tools and concepts in the enterprises and the perceived degree of their importance for the future competitiveness of the enterprises.
{"title":"The Application of Progressive HR Tools in the Environment of Slovak Enterprises","authors":"Z. Stacho, L. Ližbetinová, Katarína Stachová, A. Stareček","doi":"10.7441/joc.2022.03.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7441/joc.2022.03.10","url":null,"abstract":"In the context of developments influenced by digitalization, as well as the crisis caused by the Covid-19 pandemic, and not most minor changes in employee demands on the working environment across all generations, new tools and concepts are being developed in the field of people management in order to sustain competitiveness. The main objective of the paper is to present results of research focused on a specific analysis of applying modern human resource management tools in entities operating in Slovakia with a focus on the maintenance and growth potential of their competitiveness in the European economic area. To meet this objective, particular data obtained through a questionnaire survey were statistically processed and 841 enterprises were contacted. Elements of playful principles (gamification), used in various human resource management tools, bring a positive effect both in saving resources and in qualitative outputs, which was the purpose of the research focus on identifying the existence of the so-called “aha effect”. Evaluations of formulated hypotheses as well as determination of whether there is a statistically significant dependence between the actual application in the enterprises and the degree of importance for their future in relation to individual tools and concepts in human resource management were carried out with the use of Spearman’s correlation test. The research results show that there is a strong positive and statistically significant dependence between the actual application of the analyzed tools and concepts in the enterprises and the perceived degree of their importance for the future competitiveness of the enterprises.","PeriodicalId":46971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Competitiveness","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41368056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Predicting the default of small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) using the hazard model approach represents an area relatively neglected by mainstream literature. On the one hand, SMEs are regarded as the backbone of the economy; on the other hand, their specific features pose a challenge to the modelling process. This issue is further complicated by the fact that many modern structural approaches to default modelling are simply unsuitable for SMEs due to their limited size. Therefore, researchers only rely on accounting, non-financial, or macroeconomic data. The gap is especially noticeable in several studies on SME default prediction that employ the hazard model approach, which models the probability of default with respect to the time factor. A better understanding of the factors driving SMEs’ default might help in adopting policies that strengthen their competitiveness. The aim of this study is to introduce a hazard model for EU-28 SMEs and analyse the contribution of macroeconomic indicators and proxies of external financial obstacle factors. This model was derived using the Cox semiparametric proportional model, leaving the baseline hazard unspecified and employing macroeconomic variables as explanatory variables. By analysing a sample of 202,209 European SMEs over the period 2014–2019, the results indicated that factors of employment rate, personal cost per employee, and interest rate play significant roles in determining the survival of SMEs. Adding these macroeconomic variables significantly increased the area under curve values compared to the situation where only accounting variables were used.
{"title":"The Hazard Model for European SMEs: Combining Accounting and Macroeconomic Variables","authors":"Michael Karas","doi":"10.7441/joc.2022.03.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7441/joc.2022.03.05","url":null,"abstract":"Predicting the default of small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) using the hazard model approach represents an area relatively neglected by mainstream literature. On the one hand, SMEs are regarded as the backbone of the economy; on the other hand, their specific features pose a challenge to the modelling process. This issue is further complicated by the fact that many modern structural approaches to default modelling are simply unsuitable for SMEs due to their limited size. Therefore, researchers only rely on accounting, non-financial, or macroeconomic data. The gap is especially noticeable in several studies on SME default prediction that employ the hazard model approach, which models the probability of default with respect to the time factor. A better understanding of the factors driving SMEs’ default might help in adopting policies that strengthen their competitiveness. The aim of this study is to introduce a hazard model for EU-28 SMEs and analyse the contribution of macroeconomic indicators and proxies of external financial obstacle factors. This model was derived using the Cox semiparametric proportional model, leaving the baseline hazard unspecified and employing macroeconomic variables as explanatory variables. By analysing a sample of 202,209 European SMEs over the period 2014–2019, the results indicated that factors of employment rate, personal cost per employee, and interest rate play significant roles in determining the survival of SMEs. Adding these macroeconomic variables significantly increased the area under curve values compared to the situation where only accounting variables were used.","PeriodicalId":46971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Competitiveness","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42479093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The business that is not focused solely on short-term profits and takes sustainability principles into account can be called a sustainable business. In contrast, the sustainable competitive advantage is the basis of business performance. This article discusses the benefits of selected strategic trends for sustainable competitiveness. The sustainability approach has rarely been considered in the competitiveness studies examined. An appropriate framework for its sustainable competitiveness requires taking into account the economic, socio-cultural, and environmental dimensions on the one hand and the consideration of all stakeholders on the other one. While global corporations have been integrating sustainable business into their strategies, this important step to make still awaits Czech organizations. The main goal of the study was to identify strategic trends implemented by the selected Czech organizations aiming at ensuring competitive advantage and evaluating the orientation of organizations depending on the selected variables. The factor analysis was used (principal component method, varimax method), and the dependencies of the organizations´ orientation and the identifying variables from the questionnaire survey (n1 = 183) and focus groups (n2 = 8) were tested. The results from the questionnaire survey and focus groups have revealed six factors, namely, the integrated management system, employee development, CSR reporting, the organizational structure for innovation development, succession planning, and knowledge continuity.
{"title":"Strategic Trends of Organizations in the Context of New Perspectives of Sustainable Competitiveness","authors":"P. Vrabcová, H. Urbancová, M. Hudakova","doi":"10.7441/joc.2022.02.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7441/joc.2022.02.10","url":null,"abstract":"The business that is not focused solely on short-term profits and takes sustainability principles into account can be called a sustainable business. In contrast, the sustainable competitive advantage is the basis of business performance. This article discusses the benefits of selected strategic trends for sustainable competitiveness. The sustainability approach has rarely been considered in the competitiveness studies examined. An appropriate framework for its sustainable competitiveness requires taking into account the economic, socio-cultural, and environmental dimensions on the one hand and the consideration of all stakeholders on the other one. While global corporations have been integrating sustainable business into their strategies, this important step to make still awaits Czech organizations. The main goal of the study was to identify strategic trends implemented by the selected Czech organizations aiming at ensuring competitive advantage and evaluating the orientation of organizations depending on the selected variables. The factor analysis was used (principal component method, varimax method), and the dependencies of the organizations´ orientation and the identifying variables from the questionnaire survey (n1 = 183) and focus groups (n2 = 8) were tested. The results from the questionnaire survey and focus groups have revealed six factors, namely, the integrated management system, employee development, CSR reporting, the organizational structure for innovation development, succession planning, and knowledge continuity.","PeriodicalId":46971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Competitiveness","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48234456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vishnu Parmar, Rizwan Raheem Ahmed, D. Štreimikienė, J. Streimikis
This research examines the challenges of female business graduate entrepreneurs; we have developed a modified conceptual framework in which willingness to become an entrepreneur has been taken as a dependent variable. However, financial, cultural, marketing, and technological challenges are independent variables. Additionally, we incorporated competitiveness as a mediation variable between independent and dependent variables. The competitiveness could be beneficial to the female business graduates’ entrepreneurs and might be reduced by their financial, marketing, cultural, and technological challenges. The data was collected through a modified structured questionnaire from the entrepreneurs of female business graduates. The information was collected from Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka; we have collected 386 responses for the period from February 2021 to July 2021. We employed a structural equation modelingbased (SEM-based) multivariate approach and conditional process modeling for the data analysis. The findings of this research exhibit that the financial challenges, cultural challenges, marketing challenges, and technological challenges have a significant negative impact on female business entrepreneurs. These are the constraints that restrict female business graduates’ entrepreneurial opportunities. On the other hand, the mediation analysis showed that competitiveness has a positive and significant impact between financial challenges, cultural challenges, marketing challenges, & technological challenges, and willingness to become an entrepreneur. The perfect mediation of competitiveness established that the business success of SMEs does not rely on the individuals’ competencies and success factors only, but organizational competitiveness is equally essential for organizational performance.
{"title":"The Mediating Role of Competitiveness Between Entrepreneurial Challenges and Willingness of Female Business Graduates","authors":"Vishnu Parmar, Rizwan Raheem Ahmed, D. Štreimikienė, J. Streimikis","doi":"10.7441/joc.2022.02.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7441/joc.2022.02.04","url":null,"abstract":"This research examines the challenges of female business graduate entrepreneurs; we have developed a modified conceptual framework in which willingness to become an entrepreneur has been taken as a dependent variable. However, financial, cultural, marketing, and technological challenges are independent variables. Additionally, we incorporated competitiveness as a mediation variable between independent and dependent variables. The competitiveness could be beneficial to the female business graduates’ entrepreneurs and might be reduced by their financial, marketing, cultural, and technological challenges. The data was collected through a modified structured questionnaire from the entrepreneurs of female business graduates. The information was collected from Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka; we have collected 386 responses for the period from February 2021 to July 2021. We employed a structural equation modelingbased (SEM-based) multivariate approach and conditional process modeling for the data analysis. The findings of this research exhibit that the financial challenges, cultural challenges, marketing challenges, and technological challenges have a significant negative impact on female business entrepreneurs. These are the constraints that restrict female business graduates’ entrepreneurial opportunities. On the other hand, the mediation analysis showed that competitiveness has a positive and significant impact between financial challenges, cultural challenges, marketing challenges, & technological challenges, and willingness to become an entrepreneur. The perfect mediation of competitiveness established that the business success of SMEs does not rely on the individuals’ competencies and success factors only, but organizational competitiveness is equally essential for organizational performance.","PeriodicalId":46971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Competitiveness","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49118247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Potkány, J. Zavadsky, Roman Hlawiczka, Pavol Gajdos, J. Schmidtová
This research paper examines the issue of quality management practices (QMPs) as a supporting tool for managing and improving the performance and competitiveness of enterprises. The aim of the paper is to present the interconnection of the practical use of QMPs concerning the performance in the Slovak manufacturing enterprises. One of the main causal factors that may influence the different utilization of QMPs is the capital structure of the surveyed enterprises. The consequence factor is the achieved performance, parameterized in this research through Return on Sales. During the period 2020 to 2021, 364 manufacturing enterprises were interviewed through a questionnaire. In order to keep the population, the industrial structure stratified sampling method was applied and the sample representativeness was assessed by using the Chi-square goodness-of-fit test. Pearson’s chi-square test, interval estimates of proportions, and analysis of contingency were implemented to test the stated research hypotheses. The results of performed analyses revealed the existence of significant relations among capital structure, the scale of the use of QMPs and performance measured by Return on Sales. The survey results also point to differences in the practical use of quality management within the analysed industries. The difference factor is the size of the enterprise, the industry itself, and partly also the technology and performance of the industry given by the added value. At the same time, space for the implementation of selected approaches and concepts related to quality management in manufacturing enterprises that have the potential for more effective management has been identified to increase competitiveness.
{"title":"Quality Management Practices in Manufacturing Enterprises in the Context of Their Performance","authors":"M. Potkány, J. Zavadsky, Roman Hlawiczka, Pavol Gajdos, J. Schmidtová","doi":"10.7441/joc.2022.02.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7441/joc.2022.02.06","url":null,"abstract":"This research paper examines the issue of quality management practices (QMPs) as a supporting tool for managing and improving the performance and competitiveness of enterprises. The aim of the paper is to present the interconnection of the practical use of QMPs concerning the performance in the Slovak manufacturing enterprises. One of the main causal factors that may influence the different utilization of QMPs is the capital structure of the surveyed enterprises. The consequence factor is the achieved performance, parameterized in this research through Return on Sales. During the period 2020 to 2021, 364 manufacturing enterprises were interviewed through a questionnaire. In order to keep the population, the industrial structure stratified sampling method was applied and the sample representativeness was assessed by using the Chi-square goodness-of-fit test. Pearson’s chi-square test, interval estimates of proportions, and analysis of contingency were implemented to test the stated research hypotheses. The results of performed analyses revealed the existence of significant relations among capital structure, the scale of the use of QMPs and performance measured by Return on Sales. The survey results also point to differences in the practical use of quality management within the analysed industries. The difference factor is the size of the enterprise, the industry itself, and partly also the technology and performance of the industry given by the added value. At the same time, space for the implementation of selected approaches and concepts related to quality management in manufacturing enterprises that have the potential for more effective management has been identified to increase competitiveness.","PeriodicalId":46971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Competitiveness","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42700136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Kováčová, V. Krajčík, Lucia Michalkova, R. Blazek
Capital structure is one of the most frequently discussed issues within Corporate Finance Theory. Optimizing the capital structure and value of the tax shield through the evaluation of its interests can lead to the increasing value of the enterprise, followed by the rising competitiveness and flexibility. The aim of this study is to provide a novel look at the value of the interest tax shield and its determinants in the emerging economies of the Visegrad Four. The model was created on a net sample of nearly 7,000 profitable enterprises between 2015 and 2019 using a one-way fixed effects model of panel data. Regional model results show five main determinants of the debt tax shield (Tangibility, Current Ratio, Gearing, Cost of debt and Size). Others, such as non-debt tax shield, business growth or profitability, are regional, and their impact varies depending on the economic conditions of the countries. The direction of influence of the main determinants indicates that, contrary to the assumed trade-off theory, profitable companies manage the capital structure and the value of tax shield according to the pecking order or modified pecking order theory. The tax shield is made up mostly of interest on short-term loans, which increases the risk of financial distress. There is a hierarchy of funding sources, from trade credit, through shortterm loans, to long-term loans, which are used in the analysed firms to the smallest extent. The structure of liabilities may be considered another determinant of the debt tax shield.
{"title":"Valuing the Interest Tax Shield in the Central European Economies: Panel Data Approach","authors":"M. Kováčová, V. Krajčík, Lucia Michalkova, R. Blazek","doi":"10.7441/joc.2022.02.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7441/joc.2022.02.03","url":null,"abstract":"Capital structure is one of the most frequently discussed issues within Corporate Finance Theory. Optimizing the capital structure and value of the tax shield through the evaluation of its interests can lead to the increasing value of the enterprise, followed by the rising competitiveness and flexibility. The aim of this study is to provide a novel look at the value of the interest tax shield and its determinants in the emerging economies of the Visegrad Four. The model was created on a net sample of nearly 7,000 profitable enterprises between 2015 and 2019 using a one-way fixed effects model of panel data. Regional model results show five main determinants of the debt tax shield (Tangibility, Current Ratio, Gearing, Cost of debt and Size). Others, such as non-debt tax shield, business growth or profitability, are regional, and their impact varies depending on the economic conditions of the countries. The direction of influence of the main determinants indicates that, contrary to the assumed trade-off theory, profitable companies manage the capital structure and the value of tax shield according to the pecking order or modified pecking order theory. The tax shield is made up mostly of interest on short-term loans, which increases the risk of financial distress. There is a hierarchy of funding sources, from trade credit, through shortterm loans, to long-term loans, which are used in the analysed firms to the smallest extent. The structure of liabilities may be considered another determinant of the debt tax shield.","PeriodicalId":46971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Competitiveness","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44683927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The current paper contributes to the existing literature on migration by explaining the emigration pattern from Denmark, Finland and Sweden to Germany. We have tried to discover the reason why people migrate from high-income European Union (EU) member states to Germany, which for a long time has hosted the highest number of migrants when compared to other EU member states. We have employed gravity models using fixed effects and ordinary least squares estimation for 1998 – 2019. Our results have indicated that Germany, compared to other EU member states, is more competitive in terms of its labour market efficiency. Germany is an attractive destination for migrants from Denmark, Finland and Sweden in terms of its employment rate, wages and effective government support of its labour force programmes. The current research provides insights into enhancing German competitiveness in terms of labour market factors, which is important for both the migrant and native populations. The results show that if wisely managed, the labour market attracts the labour force, which can address critical social issues Europe is currently facing. In particular, competition issues for high-skilled workers, an aging population, and a low birth rate. The study indicates that the long-term attractiveness of Germany for migrants is based on the efficient participation of the government in labour management-related decisions.
{"title":"Competitiveness of Germany and the Labour Market: A Migration Perspective","authors":"Andrej Přívara","doi":"10.7441/joc.2022.02.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7441/joc.2022.02.07","url":null,"abstract":"The current paper contributes to the existing literature on migration by explaining the emigration pattern from Denmark, Finland and Sweden to Germany. We have tried to discover the reason why people migrate from high-income European Union (EU) member states to Germany, which for a long time has hosted the highest number of migrants when compared to other EU member states. We have employed gravity models using fixed effects and ordinary least squares estimation for 1998 – 2019. Our results have indicated that Germany, compared to other EU member states, is more competitive in terms of its labour market efficiency. Germany is an attractive destination for migrants from Denmark, Finland and Sweden in terms of its employment rate, wages and effective government support of its labour force programmes. The current research provides insights into enhancing German competitiveness in terms of labour market factors, which is important for both the migrant and native populations. The results show that if wisely managed, the labour market attracts the labour force, which can address critical social issues Europe is currently facing. In particular, competition issues for high-skilled workers, an aging population, and a low birth rate. The study indicates that the long-term attractiveness of Germany for migrants is based on the efficient participation of the government in labour management-related decisions.","PeriodicalId":46971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Competitiveness","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49025133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Digitalization is the core component of future development in the 4.0 industrial era. It represents a powerful mechanism for enhancing the sustainable competitiveness of economies worldwide. Diverse triggering effects shape future digitalization trends. Thus, the main research goal in this study is to use sustainable competitiveness pillars (such as social, economic, environmental and energy) to evaluate international digitalization development. The proposed empirical model generates comprehensive knowledge of the sustainable competitiveness-digitalization nexus. For that purpose, a nonlinear regression has been applied on gathered annual data that consist of 33 European countries, ranging from 2010 to 2016. The dataset has been deployed using Bernoulli’s binominal distribution to derive training and testing samples and the entire analysis has been adjusted in that context. The empirical findings of artificial neural networks (ANN) suggest strong effects of the economic and energy use indicators on the digitalization progress. Nonlinear regression and ANN model summary report valuable results with a high degree of coefficient of determination (R2>0.9 for all models). Research findings state that the digitalization process is multidimensional and cannot be evaluated as an isolated phenomenon without incorporating other relevant factors that emerge in the environment. Indicators report the consumption of electrical energy in industry and households and GDP per capita to achieve the strongest effect.
{"title":"Modelling Complex Relationships Between Sustainable Competitiveness and Digitalization","authors":"I. Petkovski, Aleksandra Fedajev, J. Bazen","doi":"10.7441/joc.2022.02.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7441/joc.2022.02.05","url":null,"abstract":"Digitalization is the core component of future development in the 4.0 industrial era. It represents a powerful mechanism for enhancing the sustainable competitiveness of economies worldwide. Diverse triggering effects shape future digitalization trends. Thus, the main research goal in this study is to use sustainable competitiveness pillars (such as social, economic, environmental and energy) to evaluate international digitalization development. The proposed empirical model generates comprehensive knowledge of the sustainable competitiveness-digitalization nexus. For that purpose, a nonlinear regression has been applied on gathered annual data that consist of 33 European countries, ranging from 2010 to 2016. The dataset has been deployed using Bernoulli’s binominal distribution to derive training and testing samples and the entire analysis has been adjusted in that context. The empirical findings of artificial neural networks (ANN) suggest strong effects of the economic and energy use indicators on the digitalization progress. Nonlinear regression and ANN model summary report valuable results with a high degree of coefficient of determination (R2>0.9 for all models). Research findings state that the digitalization process is multidimensional and cannot be evaluated as an isolated phenomenon without incorporating other relevant factors that emerge in the environment. Indicators report the consumption of electrical energy in industry and households and GDP per capita to achieve the strongest effect.","PeriodicalId":46971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Competitiveness","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44766816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Md Harun Or Rosid, Xuefeng Zhao, Reajmin Sultana, Najmul Hasan
The undeniable significance of production has prompted experts to explore further the competitive productivity of various nations across the globe. Despite the importance of global productivity competitiveness, prior studies have not included a comprehensive assessment of the multidimensional productivity index (MPI). Therefore, this study aims to achieve two objectives. First, it extends the scope of prior studies by integrating capital as an input alongside labor and energy consumption, based on 50 factors under 11 indices (including democracy, global competitiveness, and innovation index). Second, global competitive productivity convergence is reaffirmed and expanded. This study employed secondary panel data from 2007 to 2018, and 60,000 data points were obtained from 100 nations. The results reveal that the USA is the most productive country, followed by China, India, and Japan in the context of global competitive productivity. Regional productivity scores show that Asia has a superior productivity rank compared to Europe. However, Africa is performing worse than average. Unlike earlier studies, this study shows that macroeconomic, innovation and infrastructural variables mainly determine the MPI score. The main finding of this study is that there is no statistically significant difference in total factor productivity (TFP) among the developed, developing, and least developed countries. Also, there is no significant influence of regions or alliances on TFP across the countries, confirming the global convergence in competitive productivity. The novelty of this study is that certain statistical evidence accurately portrays global competitiveness in terms of productivity.
{"title":"A Comprehensive Approach to Measuring the Multidimensional Productivity Index: A Reiteration of Global Productivity Convergence","authors":"Md Harun Or Rosid, Xuefeng Zhao, Reajmin Sultana, Najmul Hasan","doi":"10.7441/joc.2022.02.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7441/joc.2022.02.08","url":null,"abstract":"The undeniable significance of production has prompted experts to explore further the competitive productivity of various nations across the globe. Despite the importance of global productivity competitiveness, prior studies have not included a comprehensive assessment of the multidimensional productivity index (MPI). Therefore, this study aims to achieve two objectives. First, it extends the scope of prior studies by integrating capital as an input alongside labor and energy consumption, based on 50 factors under 11 indices (including democracy, global competitiveness, and innovation index). Second, global competitive productivity convergence is reaffirmed and expanded. This study employed secondary panel data from 2007 to 2018, and 60,000 data points were obtained from 100 nations. The results reveal that the USA is the most productive country, followed by China, India, and Japan in the context of global competitive productivity. Regional productivity scores show that Asia has a superior productivity rank compared to Europe. However, Africa is performing worse than average. Unlike earlier studies, this study shows that macroeconomic, innovation and infrastructural variables mainly determine the MPI score. The main finding of this study is that there is no statistically significant difference in total factor productivity (TFP) among the developed, developing, and least developed countries. Also, there is no significant influence of regions or alliances on TFP across the countries, confirming the global convergence in competitive productivity. The novelty of this study is that certain statistical evidence accurately portrays global competitiveness in terms of productivity.","PeriodicalId":46971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Competitiveness","volume":"854 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71330081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Karin Tothova, Martina Chladkova, Alice Kahunova, S. Formankova, R. Kucerova
This research focuses on hotel competitiveness in the Czech Republic. It provides evidence that proactive environmental strategies implemented in hotel operations are a competitive advantage for hotels, especially during a crisis. This research determined the impact of proactive environmental strategies on hotel competitiveness in the period before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Competitiveness was assessed based on the occupancy rate and hotel experience. Data were obtained through quantitative research, which involved 110 accommodation facilities from the Czech Republic, of which 51 were common hotels and 59 were green hotels. The research yields two groups of results. The first group is the results of testing the dependence between the type of hotel and changes in hotel competitiveness. These results did not confirm the relationship between hotel type according to implementation of proactive environmental strategies and competitiveness based neither on evaluation of hotel experience nor on the occupancy rate. According to these findings, it does not matter whether the hotel is green during a crisis. The second group of results includes concrete values of changes in occupancy in the second and third quarters of 2019 and 2020, as well as specific changes in the clientele. The decrease in occupancy in the second quarter of 2020 compared with 2019 was not as significant as expected. In the third quarter of 2020, the year-on-year change was minimal, and some accommodation facilities experienced an increase in occupancy because Czech visitors embraced domestic tourism. In this case, the absolute indicators show that green hotels had an advantage.
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