Franziska S. Roth, Carina Weinmann, F. Schneider, F. R. Hopp, Melanie J. Bindl, P. Vorderer
Two studies were conducted to test the relation between hedonic and eudaimonic entertainment experiences as well as their respective influence on information processing while watching a political talk show on TV. Assumptions from entertainment theory and positive psychology served as theoretical basis. A curvilinear relationship between hedonic and eudaimonic entertainment experiences was found through an online survey (N = 675). The second study (N = 132) was an experiment in which hedonic entertainment experiences were manipulated. Again, a curvilinear relationship between both entertainment experiences was detected. Furthermore, entertainment experiences were associated with information processing in a meaningful pattern. These results point to the distinct relationships and effects of different forms of entertainment experiences. Implications for political media and entertainment education are discussed.
{"title":"Curving Entertainment: The Curvilinear Relationship Between Hedonic and Eudaimonic Entertainment Experiences While Watching a Political Talk Show and Its Implications for Information Processing","authors":"Franziska S. Roth, Carina Weinmann, F. Schneider, F. R. Hopp, Melanie J. Bindl, P. Vorderer","doi":"10.1037/ppm0000147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/ppm0000147","url":null,"abstract":"Two studies were conducted to test the relation between hedonic and eudaimonic entertainment experiences as well as their respective influence on information processing while watching a political talk show on TV. Assumptions from entertainment theory and positive psychology served as theoretical basis. A curvilinear relationship between hedonic and eudaimonic entertainment experiences was found through an online survey (N = 675). The second study (N = 132) was an experiment in which hedonic entertainment experiences were manipulated. Again, a curvilinear relationship between both entertainment experiences was detected. Furthermore, entertainment experiences were associated with information processing in a meaningful pattern. These results point to the distinct relationships and effects of different forms of entertainment experiences. Implications for political media and entertainment education are discussed.","PeriodicalId":46995,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Popular Media Culture","volume":"7 1","pages":"499–517"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1037/ppm0000147","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45009481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Little is known about how adolescent and college-aged women interpret music media or how their perceptions of music media are related to their acceptance of physical or nonphysical forms of sexual behavior by male peers. Adolescent and emerging adult women (n = 259) viewed and responded to randomly selected music videos. Results from MANCOVA indicate that viewers’ perceptions of women in music videos differed by age/social context and, after accounting for their perceptions of the videos’ entertainment value and realism, differed within the music video sets. College women were more likely than high-school-aged women to perceive women in music videos as attractive and powerful. Viewers were more likely to perceive women in music videos to be attractive when they also perceived them to be sexual objects but not when they perceived the women in music videos to be powerful. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that participants who accepted sexual objectification and who were entertained by the music videos were less likely to be offended by nonphysical potentially offensive sexual behaviors (POSB) such as dirty jokes or cat calls. Women who accepted sexual objectification of women and perceived the music videos to be realistic were less likely to be offended by physical POSB (e.g., being touched or grabbed, unwanted sexual advances). Results suggest that personal attitudes and finding music videos to be entertaining or realistic may together inform attitudes that normalize the acceptance of POSB.
{"title":"Sexual Objectification in Music Videos and Acceptance of Potentially Offensive Sexual Behaviors","authors":"K. Rodgers, Stacey J. T. Hust","doi":"10.1037/ppm0000142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/ppm0000142","url":null,"abstract":"Little is known about how adolescent and college-aged women interpret music media or how their perceptions of music media are related to their acceptance of physical or nonphysical forms of sexual behavior by male peers. Adolescent and emerging adult women (n = 259) viewed and responded to randomly selected music videos. Results from MANCOVA indicate that viewers’ perceptions of women in music videos differed by age/social context and, after accounting for their perceptions of the videos’ entertainment value and realism, differed within the music video sets. College women were more likely than high-school-aged women to perceive women in music videos as attractive and powerful. Viewers were more likely to perceive women in music videos to be attractive when they also perceived them to be sexual objects but not when they perceived the women in music videos to be powerful. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that participants who accepted sexual objectification and who were entertained by the music videos were less likely to be offended by nonphysical potentially offensive sexual behaviors (POSB) such as dirty jokes or cat calls. Women who accepted sexual objectification of women and perceived the music videos to be realistic were less likely to be offended by physical POSB (e.g., being touched or grabbed, unwanted sexual advances). Results suggest that personal attitudes and finding music videos to be entertaining or realistic may together inform attitudes that normalize the acceptance of POSB.","PeriodicalId":46995,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Popular Media Culture","volume":"7 1","pages":"413–428"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44560308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"“Positive and negative aspects of Facebook use by service members during deployment to Afghanistan: Associations with perceived social support”: Correction to Skopp et al. (2018).","authors":"","doi":"10.1037/ppm0000214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/ppm0000214","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46995,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Popular Media Culture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44731207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Intimate partner violence (IPV), in particular dating violence, occurs at alarmingly high rates in emerging adulthood and is associated with negative consequences. Various predictors of dating violence have been studied, but few studies have considered the role of media outside of aggressive media consumption. Based on the Media Practice Model (Steele & Brown, 1995), the present study examined measures of early experiences (e.g., family relationships, peer support of aggression), individual factors (e.g., religiosity, self-esteem, dating and sexual experiences), media use (identification, influence, and preference for aggressive media), as well as attitudes supportive of violence and dating violence victimization and perpetration. Participants were 417 emerging adults (71% female) who completed an online survey. The majority of the sample had both experienced and perpetrated some type of dating violence. The final multigroup structural equation model fit the data adequately with relatively few gender differences. Having more conflict-laden, less supportive early family relationships was related to numerous risk factors (e.g., less religiosity, having peers who were more supportive of aggression, lower self-esteem), which generally related to the media variables, specifically greater identification with people in the media, as well as more influence by and preference for aggressive media. In general, there was evidence that media use mediated the relationships between early lived experience, individual factors, and attitudes accepting of aggression in relationships, as well as overall experience with dating violence. Implications for future research and preventative programing including conflict resolution training and media literacy programing for both young people and families, are discussed.
{"title":"Using the Media Practice Model to Examine Dating Violence in Emerging Adults","authors":"Pam McAuslan, M. Leonard, T. Pickett","doi":"10.1037/ppm0000151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/ppm0000151","url":null,"abstract":"Intimate partner violence (IPV), in particular dating violence, occurs at alarmingly high rates in emerging adulthood and is associated with negative consequences. Various predictors of dating violence have been studied, but few studies have considered the role of media outside of aggressive media consumption. Based on the Media Practice Model (Steele & Brown, 1995), the present study examined measures of early experiences (e.g., family relationships, peer support of aggression), individual factors (e.g., religiosity, self-esteem, dating and sexual experiences), media use (identification, influence, and preference for aggressive media), as well as attitudes supportive of violence and dating violence victimization and perpetration. Participants were 417 emerging adults (71% female) who completed an online survey. The majority of the sample had both experienced and perpetrated some type of dating violence. The final multigroup structural equation model fit the data adequately with relatively few gender differences. Having more conflict-laden, less supportive early family relationships was related to numerous risk factors (e.g., less religiosity, having peers who were more supportive of aggression, lower self-esteem), which generally related to the media variables, specifically greater identification with people in the media, as well as more influence by and preference for aggressive media. In general, there was evidence that media use mediated the relationships between early lived experience, individual factors, and attitudes accepting of aggression in relationships, as well as overall experience with dating violence. Implications for future research and preventative programing including conflict resolution training and media literacy programing for both young people and families, are discussed.","PeriodicalId":46995,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Popular Media Culture","volume":"7 1","pages":"429–449"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43070946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The current study examines the potential influence of self-socialization uses of media (SSUMs) on individual levels of self-selected exposure to 3 popular media franchises: The Harry Potter Series, The Twilight Saga, and The Hunger Games Trilogy. In contrast to many common media theories focusing on the possible, one-directional influence of media on an individual’s thoughts and behaviors, this study follows the more interactive tenants inherent to the Uses and Gratification Approach and the Media Practice Model. Consistent with study hypotheses, an individual’s level of self-reported exposure to the books and films in each of these franchises—particularly high levels of repeated exposure—was related to the extent to which they perceived that franchise served to gratify at least 1 of the 5 possible SSUMs: Entertainment, Identity Formation, Sensation Seeking, Coping, and Cultural Identification. Although Entertainment was the SSUM most consistently associated with exposure level across the 3 franchises, the other SSUMs also evidenced significant interactions, including different interactions involving rereading the books or rewatching the films within a franchise. These findings not only contribute to ongoing theoretical discussions regarding the interactive nature of media influences but also provide the foundation for future research explicitly exploring the connection between SSUMs of fictional media and real-world experiences of the media consumer, particularly as it relates to issues of Identity Formation and Coping.
{"title":"Self-Perceived Use of Popular Culture Media Franchises: Does Gratification Impact Multiple Exposures?","authors":"L. Garmon, R. Glover, Elizabeth C. Vozzola","doi":"10.1037/ppm0000153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/ppm0000153","url":null,"abstract":"The current study examines the potential influence of self-socialization uses of media (SSUMs) on individual levels of self-selected exposure to 3 popular media franchises: The Harry Potter Series, The Twilight Saga, and The Hunger Games Trilogy. In contrast to many common media theories focusing on the possible, one-directional influence of media on an individual’s thoughts and behaviors, this study follows the more interactive tenants inherent to the Uses and Gratification Approach and the Media Practice Model. Consistent with study hypotheses, an individual’s level of self-reported exposure to the books and films in each of these franchises—particularly high levels of repeated exposure—was related to the extent to which they perceived that franchise served to gratify at least 1 of the 5 possible SSUMs: Entertainment, Identity Formation, Sensation Seeking, Coping, and Cultural Identification. Although Entertainment was the SSUM most consistently associated with exposure level across the 3 franchises, the other SSUMs also evidenced significant interactions, including different interactions involving rereading the books or rewatching the films within a franchise. These findings not only contribute to ongoing theoretical discussions regarding the interactive nature of media influences but also provide the foundation for future research explicitly exploring the connection between SSUMs of fictional media and real-world experiences of the media consumer, particularly as it relates to issues of Identity Formation and Coping.","PeriodicalId":46995,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Popular Media Culture","volume":"7 1","pages":"572–588"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47857846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elucidating the psychological mechanisms involved in predicting cyberbullying perpetration is an important step in creating or modifying intervention efforts to help reduce this harmful behavior. The current study employed a short-term longitudinal design with US youth (average age = 14.34 years) to examine a possible expansion of the Barlett and Gentile Cyberbullying Model (BGCM)—a learning-based social model focused on predicting cyberbullying perpetration from procyberbullying attitudes, anonymity perceptions, and the belief that physical stature is irrelevant online. We tested whether online disinhibition could add more predictive power to this model. Participants (N = 145) completed measures of these aforementioned constructs at baseline and again 6 months later. Results showed that the original derivation of the BGCM was replicated; however, online disinhibition did not predict cyberbullying attitudes longitudinally. This suggests that online disinhibition, although correlated with cyberbullying perpetration, is not likely a learned consequence of continued cyberbullying.
{"title":"Longitudinal Relations Between Early Online Disinhibition and Anonymity Perceptions on Later Cyberbullying Perpetration: A Theoretical Test on Youth","authors":"Christopher P. Barlett, Kaitlyn Helmstetter","doi":"10.1037/ppm0000149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/ppm0000149","url":null,"abstract":"Elucidating the psychological mechanisms involved in predicting cyberbullying perpetration is an important step in creating or modifying intervention efforts to help reduce this harmful behavior. The current study employed a short-term longitudinal design with US youth (average age = 14.34 years) to examine a possible expansion of the Barlett and Gentile Cyberbullying Model (BGCM)—a learning-based social model focused on predicting cyberbullying perpetration from procyberbullying attitudes, anonymity perceptions, and the belief that physical stature is irrelevant online. We tested whether online disinhibition could add more predictive power to this model. Participants (N = 145) completed measures of these aforementioned constructs at baseline and again 6 months later. Results showed that the original derivation of the BGCM was replicated; however, online disinhibition did not predict cyberbullying attitudes longitudinally. This suggests that online disinhibition, although correlated with cyberbullying perpetration, is not likely a learned consequence of continued cyberbullying.","PeriodicalId":46995,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Popular Media Culture","volume":"7 1","pages":"561–571"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49161047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Over the past decade, entertainment scholars have extended affective disposition theory beyond traditional hero narratives to better understand the enjoyment of antihero narratives. This study builds upon and unifies this work through the development of a generalized model of the antihero narrative enjoyment process. Participants (n = 234) viewed 1 of the 3 feature-length antihero films. The findings revealed a consistent enjoyment model that highlights the role of the individual-difference variable willingness to accept violence as a predictor of situational moral disengagement, leading to character identification and liking, which in turn predicted enjoyment. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that identification seems to be the process through which we build dispositions toward an antihero character, rather than moral judgments, extending previous research on the role of identification for antihero enjoyment.
{"title":"Modeling the Antihero Narrative Enjoyment Process","authors":"Sophie H. Janicke, Arthur A. Raney","doi":"10.1037/ppm0000152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/ppm0000152","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past decade, entertainment scholars have extended affective disposition theory beyond traditional hero narratives to better understand the enjoyment of antihero narratives. This study builds upon and unifies this work through the development of a generalized model of the antihero narrative enjoyment process. Participants (n = 234) viewed 1 of the 3 feature-length antihero films. The findings revealed a consistent enjoyment model that highlights the role of the individual-difference variable willingness to accept violence as a predictor of situational moral disengagement, leading to character identification and liking, which in turn predicted enjoyment. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that identification seems to be the process through which we build dispositions toward an antihero character, rather than moral judgments, extending previous research on the role of identification for antihero enjoyment.","PeriodicalId":46995,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Popular Media Culture","volume":"7 1","pages":"533–546"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48637718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Past work has shown that parental perceptions of their children’s Internet activity (e.g., hours spent online) does not match their children’s actual Internet involvement; however, no work has examined whether this mismatch is related to youths’ cyberbullying perpetration. Study 1 consisted of 75 parent–child dyads that completed measures to assess youth Internet behavior (including cyberbullying behavior and parental rules regarding Internet behaviors). Results showed that parents, on average, underestimated whether their children cyberbullied others and overestimated parental rule enforcement. Study 2 (N = 165 youth) used a correlational design to examine the relations between youth cyberbullying perpetration and parent Internet rules. Results showed that parental ignorance (how much parents are unaware of their child’s Internet activities) positively correlated with cyberbullying behaviors. Finally, Study 3 (N = 96 youth) used a short-term longitudinal study using the same measure as Study 2 and found that Wave 1 parental ignorance was related to Time 2 cyberbullying perpetration. Overall, results suggest that the extent to which parents are unaware of their child’s online behaviors positively predict cyberbullying perpetration.
{"title":"Examining the Relation Between Parental Ignorance and Youths’ Cyberbullying Perpetration","authors":"Christopher P. Barlett, Miranda J. Fennel","doi":"10.1037/ppm0000139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/ppm0000139","url":null,"abstract":"Past work has shown that parental perceptions of their children’s Internet activity (e.g., hours spent online) does not match their children’s actual Internet involvement; however, no work has examined whether this mismatch is related to youths’ cyberbullying perpetration. Study 1 consisted of 75 parent–child dyads that completed measures to assess youth Internet behavior (including cyberbullying behavior and parental rules regarding Internet behaviors). Results showed that parents, on average, underestimated whether their children cyberbullied others and overestimated parental rule enforcement. Study 2 (N = 165 youth) used a correlational design to examine the relations between youth cyberbullying perpetration and parent Internet rules. Results showed that parental ignorance (how much parents are unaware of their child’s Internet activities) positively correlated with cyberbullying behaviors. Finally, Study 3 (N = 96 youth) used a short-term longitudinal study using the same measure as Study 2 and found that Wave 1 parental ignorance was related to Time 2 cyberbullying perpetration. Overall, results suggest that the extent to which parents are unaware of their child’s online behaviors positively predict cyberbullying perpetration.","PeriodicalId":46995,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Popular Media Culture","volume":"7 1","pages":"547–560"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1037/ppm0000139","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42258283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study investigates audiences’ parasocial relationship (PSR) reduction, parasocial breakup (PSB), attribution of causes, and forgiveness of their liked and disliked media figures for the figures’ transgressions. Using a 2 (media figure: liked or disliked) × 2 (transgression severity: minor or major) between-subjects factorial design, an experiment was conducted. There were significant main effects of media figure and transgression severity on PSR reduction, attribution of causes, and forgiveness. Attribution of causes partially mediated the relationship between PSR and forgiveness.
{"title":"An Investigation Into Audiences’ Reactions to Transgressions by Liked and Disliked Media Figures","authors":"Mu Hu, James Young, Junwen Liang, Yun-Nan Guo","doi":"10.1037/ppm0000146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/ppm0000146","url":null,"abstract":"The present study investigates audiences’ parasocial relationship (PSR) reduction, parasocial breakup (PSB), attribution of causes, and forgiveness of their liked and disliked media figures for the figures’ transgressions. Using a 2 (media figure: liked or disliked) × 2 (transgression severity: minor or major) between-subjects factorial design, an experiment was conducted. There were significant main effects of media figure and transgression severity on PSR reduction, attribution of causes, and forgiveness. Attribution of causes partially mediated the relationship between PSR and forgiveness.","PeriodicalId":46995,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Popular Media Culture","volume":"7 1","pages":"484–498"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46813575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Supplemental Material for Do Computer Games Jeopardize Educational Outcomes? A Prospective Study on Gaming Times and Academic Achievement","authors":"","doi":"10.1037/ppm0000204.supp","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/ppm0000204.supp","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46995,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Popular Media Culture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45148046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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