Negative emotions are usually avoided in daily life yet often appreciated in artistic endeavors. The present study investigated emotional experiences induced by death metal music with extremely violent themes and examined whether enjoyment of this genre of music is associated with personality traits. Fans (N 48) and nonfans (N 97) listened to 60-s excerpts of death metal music and rated their emotional experiences. Compared with nonfans, fans experienced a wide range of positive emotions including power, joy, peace, and wonder. In contrast, nonfans reported uniformly negative experiences, including tension, anger, and fear. Fans and nonfans were also distinguished by personality traits, with fans lower in conscientiousness and agreeableness, and in their motivations for listening to music. Results suggest that individuals with certain personality traits and music-listening motivations are drawn toward aggressive music with violent themes, and their enthusiasm for this genre promotes a range of positive emotional responses to this music.
{"title":"Who enjoys listening to violent music and why?","authors":"W. Thompson, Andrew Geeves, Kirk N. Olsen","doi":"10.1037/PPM0000184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/PPM0000184","url":null,"abstract":"Negative emotions are usually avoided in daily life yet often appreciated in artistic endeavors. The present study investigated emotional experiences induced by death metal music with extremely violent themes and examined whether enjoyment of this genre of music is associated with personality traits. Fans (N 48) and nonfans (N 97) listened to 60-s excerpts of death metal music and rated their emotional experiences. Compared with nonfans, fans experienced a wide range of positive emotions including power, joy, peace, and wonder. In contrast, nonfans reported uniformly negative experiences, including tension, anger, and fear. Fans and nonfans were also distinguished by personality traits, with fans lower in conscientiousness and agreeableness, and in their motivations for listening to music. Results suggest that individuals with certain personality traits and music-listening motivations are drawn toward aggressive music with violent themes, and their enthusiasm for this genre promotes a range of positive emotional responses to this music.","PeriodicalId":46995,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Popular Media Culture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45091913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Flayelle, P. Maurage, C. Vögele, L. Karila, J. Billieux
The advent of the digital age with its progress in digital technology has been associated in recent years with an increase in binge-watching (i.e., seeing multiple episodes of the same TV series in one session). Binge-watching has now become the new normative way to consume TV shows. Nevertheless, along with its recent massive rise has come concerns about the associated mental and physical health outcomes. Currently available results suggest the potential harmfulness and even addictive nature of binge-watching. The psychological investigation of this behavior, however, is still in its infancy, with most studies using a confirmatory approach and assuming a priori its genuine addictive nature. In contrast, the current perspective article argues the case for an exploratory approach as an initial step for conducting research on behaviors that—at first sight—look like addiction when applying a symptom-based approach. A qualitative understanding of the phenomenological characteristics of binge-watching as the foundation of an initial comprehensive discussion makes it possible to formulate hypotheses concerning its potentially addictive nature and to emphasize challenges and directions for future research. Here we propose an exploration of the dynamics of binge-watching behavior based on a model involving emotion regulation in the etiology and maintenance of problem binge-watching
{"title":"Time for a plot twist: Beyond confirmatory approaches to binge-watching research.","authors":"M. Flayelle, P. Maurage, C. Vögele, L. Karila, J. Billieux","doi":"10.1037/PPM0000187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/PPM0000187","url":null,"abstract":"The advent of the digital age with its progress in digital technology has been\u0000associated in recent years with an increase in binge-watching (i.e., seeing multiple\u0000episodes of the same TV series in one session). Binge-watching has now become\u0000the new normative way to consume TV shows. Nevertheless, along with its recent\u0000massive rise has come concerns about the associated mental and physical health\u0000outcomes. Currently available results suggest the potential harmfulness and even\u0000addictive nature of binge-watching. The psychological investigation of this behavior,\u0000however, is still in its infancy, with most studies using a confirmatory approach\u0000and assuming a priori its genuine addictive nature. In contrast, the current perspective\u0000article argues the case for an exploratory approach as an initial step for\u0000conducting research on behaviors that—at first sight—look like addiction when\u0000applying a symptom-based approach. A qualitative understanding of the phenomenological\u0000characteristics of binge-watching as the foundation of an initial comprehensive\u0000discussion makes it possible to formulate hypotheses concerning its\u0000potentially addictive nature and to emphasize challenges and directions for future\u0000research. Here we propose an exploration of the dynamics of binge-watching\u0000behavior based on a model involving emotion regulation in the etiology and\u0000maintenance of problem binge-watching","PeriodicalId":46995,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Popular Media Culture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43380494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"How “real” is reality television? Marginalized group representativeness in competitive reality television programming.","authors":"K. Dillon, Elizabeth Jones","doi":"10.1037/PPM0000193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/PPM0000193","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46995,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Popular Media Culture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44299595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Grady, Malina Her, G. Moreno, Catherine Perez, Jillian Yelinek
{"title":"Emotions in storybooks: A comparison of storybooks that represent ethnic and racial groups in the United States.","authors":"J. Grady, Malina Her, G. Moreno, Catherine Perez, Jillian Yelinek","doi":"10.1037/PPM0000185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/PPM0000185","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46995,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Popular Media Culture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43802787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cynthia Vinney, Karen E. Dill-Shackleford, C. Plante, Anne Bartsch
The purpose of this research was to develop a measure that systematically assesses the various components of film and television fan identity and to test its connection to well-being. Across two studies, the multidimensional Fan Identity Scale was developed and validated. The resulting 9-item survey yielded three factors that encompassed both personal and social dimensions of fan identity. In Study 2, the relationship between these dimensions and three facets of well-being was also explored. Results indicated that overall fan identity predicted overall well-being. In addition, social fan identity predicted relational well-being and marginally predicted physical well-being. Avenues for future research involving the Fan Identity Scale are discussed.
{"title":"Development and validation of a measure of popular media fan identity and its relationship to well-being.","authors":"Cynthia Vinney, Karen E. Dill-Shackleford, C. Plante, Anne Bartsch","doi":"10.1037/PPM0000188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/PPM0000188","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this research was to develop a measure that systematically assesses the various components of film and television fan identity and to test its connection to well-being. Across two studies, the multidimensional Fan Identity Scale was developed and validated. The resulting 9-item survey yielded three factors that encompassed both personal and social dimensions of fan identity. In Study 2, the relationship between these dimensions and three facets of well-being was also explored. Results indicated that overall fan identity predicted overall well-being. In addition, social fan identity predicted relational well-being and marginally predicted physical well-being. Avenues for future research involving the Fan Identity Scale are discussed.","PeriodicalId":46995,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Popular Media Culture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46260495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There is substantial evidence that exposure to violent media increases aggressive thoughts and behaviors, potentially due in part to alterations to inhibitory mechanisms mediated by prefrontal cortex. Past research has demonstrated that playing a violent video game for short periods decreases subsequent prefrontal activity during inhibition, yet the impact of long-term game play is unclear. To assess how extensive video game play impacts brain activity, young adult males (n = 49; ages 18–29) with limited video game experience performed a go/no-go task during fMRI for 3 consecutive weeks. Following a baseline scan, these men were randomly assigned to extensively play a violent video game (VG) or avoid all video game play (control) during the subsequent week. After 1 week, inhibition-related activity decreased in right inferior frontal gyrus and right cerebellum in the VG group, compared to the control sample, and self-reported executive functioning problems were higher. VG participants assigned to a second week of game play had similarly reduced bilateral prefrontal activity during inhibition, relative to the control group. However, VG participants assigned to avoid game play or play a cognitive training game during the second week demonstrated similar overall changes from baseline as the control group. This research provides preliminary evidence indicating how long-term video game play may impact brain function during inhibition, which may impair control of aggressive behavior.
{"title":"Decreased Prefrontal Activity During a Cognitive Inhibition Task Following Violent Video Game Play: A Multi-Week Randomized Trial","authors":"T. Hummer, W. Kronenberger, Yang Wang, V. Mathews","doi":"10.1037/ppm0000141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/ppm0000141","url":null,"abstract":"There is substantial evidence that exposure to violent media increases aggressive thoughts and behaviors, potentially due in part to alterations to inhibitory mechanisms mediated by prefrontal cortex. Past research has demonstrated that playing a violent video game for short periods decreases subsequent prefrontal activity during inhibition, yet the impact of long-term game play is unclear. To assess how extensive video game play impacts brain activity, young adult males (n = 49; ages 18–29) with limited video game experience performed a go/no-go task during fMRI for 3 consecutive weeks. Following a baseline scan, these men were randomly assigned to extensively play a violent video game (VG) or avoid all video game play (control) during the subsequent week. After 1 week, inhibition-related activity decreased in right inferior frontal gyrus and right cerebellum in the VG group, compared to the control sample, and self-reported executive functioning problems were higher. VG participants assigned to a second week of game play had similarly reduced bilateral prefrontal activity during inhibition, relative to the control group. However, VG participants assigned to avoid game play or play a cognitive training game during the second week demonstrated similar overall changes from baseline as the control group. This research provides preliminary evidence indicating how long-term video game play may impact brain function during inhibition, which may impair control of aggressive behavior.","PeriodicalId":46995,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Popular Media Culture","volume":"8 1","pages":"63–75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44413698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christopher T. Barry, Shari R. Reiter, Alexandra C. Anderson, M. Schoessler, Chloe L. Sidoti
The present study sought to replicate and extend recent research on the association between posting self-photographs (“selfies”) and self-perception, particularly narcissism. This study also considered the link between self-perception and photos of oneself that were not selfies (“posies”) to determine if there were intrapersonal implications of selfies versus other self-displays on the popular social media platform, Instagram. Participants with both self-report and observational data were 100 (20 males, 80 female) undergraduates. Selfies and posies were coded according to their frequency relative to participants’ posts that did not include their own image and according to themes (i.e., physical appearance, event/activity/location, affiliation with others, collage, other/undifferentiated). Overall, such posts were not associated with narcissism or self-esteem, with some specific themes showing small correlations with narcissism and concerns regarding societal attitudes about appearance. Some aspects of participants’ Instagram activity (i.e., number of likes for selfies and posies; number of followers) were significantly correlated with posting posies. The implications of these findings for research methodology on social media behavior and in the connection between self-perception and photo sharing on social media are discussed.
{"title":"“Let Me Take Another Selfie”: Further Examination of the Relation Between Narcissism, Self-Perception, and Instagram Posts","authors":"Christopher T. Barry, Shari R. Reiter, Alexandra C. Anderson, M. Schoessler, Chloe L. Sidoti","doi":"10.1037/ppm0000155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/ppm0000155","url":null,"abstract":"The present study sought to replicate and extend recent research on the association between posting self-photographs (“selfies”) and self-perception, particularly narcissism. This study also considered the link between self-perception and photos of oneself that were not selfies (“posies”) to determine if there were intrapersonal implications of selfies versus other self-displays on the popular social media platform, Instagram. Participants with both self-report and observational data were 100 (20 males, 80 female) undergraduates. Selfies and posies were coded according to their frequency relative to participants’ posts that did not include their own image and according to themes (i.e., physical appearance, event/activity/location, affiliation with others, collage, other/undifferentiated). Overall, such posts were not associated with narcissism or self-esteem, with some specific themes showing small correlations with narcissism and concerns regarding societal attitudes about appearance. Some aspects of participants’ Instagram activity (i.e., number of likes for selfies and posies; number of followers) were significantly correlated with posting posies. The implications of these findings for research methodology on social media behavior and in the connection between self-perception and photo sharing on social media are discussed.","PeriodicalId":46995,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Popular Media Culture","volume":"8 1","pages":"22–33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57305942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01Epub Date: 2017-11-16DOI: 10.1037/ppm0000163
Sarah E Domoff, Kristen Harrison, Ashley N Gearhardt, Douglas A Gentile, Julie C Lumeng, Alison L Miller
Although problematic media use among adolescents is of wide interest, less is known regarding problematic media use among younger children. The current study reports on the development and validation of a parent-report measure of one potential aspect of children's problematic use-screen media addiction-via the Problematic Media Use Measure (PMUM). Items were based on the nine criteria for Internet Gaming Disorder in the DSM-5. The first study describes the development and preliminary validation of the PMUM in a sample of 291 mothers. Mothers (80.8% identified as White) of children 4 through 11 years of age completed the PMUM and measures of child screen time and child psychosocial functioning. EFA indicated a unidimensional construct of screen media addiction. The final versions of the PMUM (27 items) and PMUM Short Form (PMUM-SF, 9 items) evidenced high internal consistency (Cronbach α = .97 and α = .93, respectively). Regression analyses were conducted to examine convergent validity of the PMUM with indicators of child psychosocial functioning. Convergent validity was supported and the PMUM scales also independently predicted children's total difficulties in functioning, over and above hours of screen time, indicating incremental validity. The second study sought to confirm the factor structure of the PMUM-SF and test for measurement invariance across gender. In a sample of 632 parents, we confirmed the factor structure of the PMUM-SF and found measurement invariance for boys and girls. These studies support the use of the PMUM-SF as a measure of screen media addiction in children ages 4 through 11 years old.
{"title":"Development and Validation of the Problematic Media Use Measure: A Parent Report Measure of Screen Media \"Addiction\" in Children.","authors":"Sarah E Domoff, Kristen Harrison, Ashley N Gearhardt, Douglas A Gentile, Julie C Lumeng, Alison L Miller","doi":"10.1037/ppm0000163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/ppm0000163","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although problematic media use among adolescents is of wide interest, less is known regarding problematic media use among younger children. The current study reports on the development and validation of a parent-report measure of one potential aspect of children's problematic use-screen media addiction-via the Problematic Media Use Measure (PMUM). Items were based on the nine criteria for Internet Gaming Disorder in the DSM-5. The first study describes the development and preliminary validation of the PMUM in a sample of 291 mothers. Mothers (80.8% identified as White) of children 4 through 11 years of age completed the PMUM and measures of child screen time and child psychosocial functioning. EFA indicated a unidimensional construct of screen media addiction. The final versions of the PMUM (27 items) and PMUM Short Form (PMUM-SF, 9 items) evidenced high internal consistency (Cronbach α = .97 and α = .93, respectively). Regression analyses were conducted to examine convergent validity of the PMUM with indicators of child psychosocial functioning. Convergent validity was supported and the PMUM scales also independently predicted children's total difficulties in functioning, over and above hours of screen time, indicating incremental validity. The second study sought to confirm the factor structure of the PMUM-SF and test for measurement invariance across gender. In a sample of 632 parents, we confirmed the factor structure of the PMUM-SF and found measurement invariance for boys and girls. These studies support the use of the PMUM-SF as a measure of screen media addiction in children ages 4 through 11 years old.</p>","PeriodicalId":46995,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Popular Media Culture","volume":"8 1","pages":"2-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6411079/pdf/nihms920555.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37058959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"2019 Acknowledgments","authors":"","doi":"10.1037/ppm0000258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/ppm0000258","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46995,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Popular Media Culture","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57306443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Supplemental Material for Once Upon a Game: Exploring Video Game Nostalgia and Its Impact on Well-Being","authors":"","doi":"10.1037/ppm0000208.supp","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/ppm0000208.supp","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46995,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Popular Media Culture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46477224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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