Pub Date : 2021-09-17DOI: 10.1177/14649934211014425
Matt Birkinshaw
Andrea Ballestero. 2019. A Future History of Water. Durham and London: Duke University Press. ISBN: 9781478004516 (ebook); ISBN: 9781478003595 (hardcover: alk. paper). Hardback £79.99; Paperback £19.99.
{"title":"Book review: Andrea Ballestero. 2019. A Future History of Water","authors":"Matt Birkinshaw","doi":"10.1177/14649934211014425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14649934211014425","url":null,"abstract":"Andrea Ballestero. 2019. A Future History of Water. Durham and London: Duke University Press. ISBN: 9781478004516 (ebook); ISBN: 9781478003595 (hardcover: alk. paper). Hardback £79.99; Paperback £19.99.","PeriodicalId":47042,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Development Studies","volume":"22 1","pages":"90 - 92"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43732981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-17DOI: 10.1177/14649934211019340
Aishwarya Bhuta
Hall, J. C., and Harper, S., eds., 2019: Economic and Political Institutions and Development (1st ed.). Cham, Switzerland: Springer. 182 pp., ₹8,559 (eBook). ISBN: 978-3-030-06049-7.
{"title":"Book Review: Hall, J. C., and Harper, S., eds., 2019: Economic and Political Institutions and Development","authors":"Aishwarya Bhuta","doi":"10.1177/14649934211019340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14649934211019340","url":null,"abstract":"Hall, J. C., and Harper, S., eds., 2019: Economic and Political Institutions and Development (1st ed.). Cham, Switzerland: Springer. 182 pp., ₹8,559 (eBook). ISBN: 978-3-030-06049-7.","PeriodicalId":47042,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Development Studies","volume":"22 1","pages":"197 - 199"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43142863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-17DOI: 10.1177/14649934211006810
Salma Tihani
Broto, V. C. and Westman, L. 2019: Urban Sustainability and Justice: Just Sustainabilities and Environmental Planning. London: Zed Books Ltd. 208 pp., £65 (Hardback). ISBN: 978-1-78699-492-9.
{"title":"Book review: Broto, V. C. and Westman, L. 2019: Urban Sustainability and Justice: Just Sustainabilities and Environmental Planning","authors":"Salma Tihani","doi":"10.1177/14649934211006810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14649934211006810","url":null,"abstract":"Broto, V. C. and Westman, L. 2019: Urban Sustainability and Justice: Just Sustainabilities and Environmental Planning. London: Zed Books Ltd. 208 pp., £65 (Hardback). ISBN: 978-1-78699-492-9.","PeriodicalId":47042,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Development Studies","volume":"22 1","pages":"93 - 95"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49650320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-06DOI: 10.1177/14649934211030462
Shelli Israelsen, Andrea Malji
Significant variations in infection, testing, and mortality rates have exposed key differences in the initial COVID-19 response by Indian states. At the onset of the pandemic, states like Gujarat, known for its large economic output, suffered high COVID-19 case fatality rates, a disorganized response, and poor access to healthcare. In contrast, Kerala, a less industrialized state on India’s southwestern coast, experienced low infection rates and fatalities. The low case fatality rate was accompanied by widespread access to care, extensive testing, and an organized response by the state. The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic provides an opportunity to compare how the Gujarat and Kerala models performed. Since 2000, the Gujarat model has emphasized industrialization and economic development, often at the expense of social development. In contrast, the Kerala model emphasizes social development, often at the expense of economic development. This article analyses the initial response to COVID-19 by Kerala and Gujarat and finds that the Kerala model and its emphasis on social development helped the state respond more effectively to the first wave of the pandemic compared to Gujarat.
{"title":"COVID-19 in India: A Comparative Analysis of the Kerala and Gujarat Development Models’ Initial Responses","authors":"Shelli Israelsen, Andrea Malji","doi":"10.1177/14649934211030462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14649934211030462","url":null,"abstract":"Significant variations in infection, testing, and mortality rates have exposed key differences in the initial COVID-19 response by Indian states. At the onset of the pandemic, states like Gujarat, known for its large economic output, suffered high COVID-19 case fatality rates, a disorganized response, and poor access to healthcare. In contrast, Kerala, a less industrialized state on India’s southwestern coast, experienced low infection rates and fatalities. The low case fatality rate was accompanied by widespread access to care, extensive testing, and an organized response by the state. The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic provides an opportunity to compare how the Gujarat and Kerala models performed. Since 2000, the Gujarat model has emphasized industrialization and economic development, often at the expense of social development. In contrast, the Kerala model emphasizes social development, often at the expense of economic development. This article analyses the initial response to COVID-19 by Kerala and Gujarat and finds that the Kerala model and its emphasis on social development helped the state respond more effectively to the first wave of the pandemic compared to Gujarat.","PeriodicalId":47042,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Development Studies","volume":"21 1","pages":"397 - 418"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43933606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-27DOI: 10.1177/14649934211030457
I. Khambule
The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted social and economic activities across the world, resulting in the contraction of national economies and the global economy, causing an unprecedented loss of employment. The pandemic’s detrimental impact has meant that governments have to play an interventionist role to mitigate the staggering social and economic effects of the COVID-19 lockdown on sustainable development. In light of the damaging impact of the pandemic on the economy, employment and poverty, this article assesses the socio-economic contribution and effectiveness of the counter-cyclical policies in mitigating the socio-economic impact of COVID-19 in South Africa. Methodologically, the article used secondary qualitative and quantitative data to assess the government’s fiscal and monetary measures. The findings suggest that South Africa adopted extensive counter-cyclical fiscal and monetary policies, such as increased government spending on social and economic public goods, tax relief, interest rate cuts and job protection measures. While these counter-cyclical measures had some degree of effectiveness, they were undermined by the lack of comprehensively targeted measures for low-income households. This article argues that the country needs to find proactive ways of managing its counter-cyclical fiscal measures to ensure a higher degree of effectiveness and economic stabilization to reach those in greatest need.
{"title":"COVID-19 and the Counter-cyclical Role of the State in South Africa","authors":"I. Khambule","doi":"10.1177/14649934211030457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14649934211030457","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted social and economic activities across the world, resulting in the contraction of national economies and the global economy, causing an unprecedented loss of employment. The pandemic’s detrimental impact has meant that governments have to play an interventionist role to mitigate the staggering social and economic effects of the COVID-19 lockdown on sustainable development. In light of the damaging impact of the pandemic on the economy, employment and poverty, this article assesses the socio-economic contribution and effectiveness of the counter-cyclical policies in mitigating the socio-economic impact of COVID-19 in South Africa. Methodologically, the article used secondary qualitative and quantitative data to assess the government’s fiscal and monetary measures. The findings suggest that South Africa adopted extensive counter-cyclical fiscal and monetary policies, such as increased government spending on social and economic public goods, tax relief, interest rate cuts and job protection measures. While these counter-cyclical measures had some degree of effectiveness, they were undermined by the lack of comprehensively targeted measures for low-income households. This article argues that the country needs to find proactive ways of managing its counter-cyclical fiscal measures to ensure a higher degree of effectiveness and economic stabilization to reach those in greatest need.","PeriodicalId":47042,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Development Studies","volume":"21 1","pages":"380 - 396"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47994772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-15DOI: 10.1177/14649934211031745
H. Ahmadzai
In this article, I present empirical evidence on the extent of crop diversification and assess its merits as a strategy for improving production efficiency in Afghanistan. The transformed Herfindahl–Harshman index is used to measure the scale and magnitude of crop diversification. I find a compelling evidence that diversifying production portfolios significantly improves production efficiencies. This finding is critical, given that the data show that nearly a third of the farm households do not diversify, achieving, on average, about 52% of potential revenues. The estimated efficiency scores reveal that, on average, the farm households in our analytical sample of over 7,000 households achieve 74% of potential revenue, with nearly 15% of households realizing less than 50% and about 23% between 50% and 70% of potential revenue. These results infer that there exist substantial inefficacies in agricultural production that can be eliminated by employing improved management practices without having to use additional inputs and production resources and rising cost of production. Our results are robust to potential endogeneity bias in crop diversification; I account for the endogeneity problem in the stochastic frontier analysis, by employing a recent estimation approach, using instrumental variable techniques. Mapping the spatial distribution of crop diversification index and estimated efficiency scores across the country revealed that districts with higher diversification levels correspond to higher efficiency indices. Aside from crop diversification, other socio-economic factors also have critical implications for efficiency; households with access to farm assets (such as land, cattle, oxen and tractor) and extension services appear to realize substantially higher production efficiencies. A direct policy recommendation that can be generated from the findings of this study is that crop diversification should be given more recognition by policymakers to enhance productivity and resilience in agriculture.
{"title":"Hope for Change: Is Diversifying Production Portfolios an Ideal Strategy to Boost Farming Efficiency in Afghanistan?","authors":"H. Ahmadzai","doi":"10.1177/14649934211031745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14649934211031745","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, I present empirical evidence on the extent of crop diversification and assess its merits as a strategy for improving production efficiency in Afghanistan. The transformed Herfindahl–Harshman index is used to measure the scale and magnitude of crop diversification. I find a compelling evidence that diversifying production portfolios significantly improves production efficiencies. This finding is critical, given that the data show that nearly a third of the farm households do not diversify, achieving, on average, about 52% of potential revenues. The estimated efficiency scores reveal that, on average, the farm households in our analytical sample of over 7,000 households achieve 74% of potential revenue, with nearly 15% of households realizing less than 50% and about 23% between 50% and 70% of potential revenue. These results infer that there exist substantial inefficacies in agricultural production that can be eliminated by employing improved management practices without having to use additional inputs and production resources and rising cost of production. Our results are robust to potential endogeneity bias in crop diversification; I account for the endogeneity problem in the stochastic frontier analysis, by employing a recent estimation approach, using instrumental variable techniques. Mapping the spatial distribution of crop diversification index and estimated efficiency scores across the country revealed that districts with higher diversification levels correspond to higher efficiency indices. Aside from crop diversification, other socio-economic factors also have critical implications for efficiency; households with access to farm assets (such as land, cattle, oxen and tractor) and extension services appear to realize substantially higher production efficiencies. A direct policy recommendation that can be generated from the findings of this study is that crop diversification should be given more recognition by policymakers to enhance productivity and resilience in agriculture.","PeriodicalId":47042,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Development Studies","volume":"22 1","pages":"7 - 31"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45159266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-09DOI: 10.1177/14649934211030449
Maren Duvendack, L. Sonne
COVID-19 has severely impacted the society not only in terms of health but also in terms of economic survival of individuals. Unless adequate support is provided, the pandemic will have long-lasting effects, especially on the lives of the most vulnerable, often working in the informal sector. In this article, we present a case study drawing on systems thinking and complexity theory, outlining how the city of Mumbai has responded to COVID-19. We find a multifaceted scenario where non-profit organizations, businesses and citizen volunteers operate alongside government bodies to support Mumbai’s population to overcome this pandemic. We provide broader policy lessons, as well as more specific lessons in relation to particular actors, from the first wave of the pandemic stressing the importance of becoming ‘systems thinkers’ and highlighting the importance of forming new partnerships and exploring new modes of knowledge sharing to effectively respond to crises.
{"title":"Responding to the Multifaceted COVID-19 Crisis: The Case of Mumbai, India","authors":"Maren Duvendack, L. Sonne","doi":"10.1177/14649934211030449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14649934211030449","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19 has severely impacted the society not only in terms of health but also in terms of economic survival of individuals. Unless adequate support is provided, the pandemic will have long-lasting effects, especially on the lives of the most vulnerable, often working in the informal sector. In this article, we present a case study drawing on systems thinking and complexity theory, outlining how the city of Mumbai has responded to COVID-19. We find a multifaceted scenario where non-profit organizations, businesses and citizen volunteers operate alongside government bodies to support Mumbai’s population to overcome this pandemic. We provide broader policy lessons, as well as more specific lessons in relation to particular actors, from the first wave of the pandemic stressing the importance of becoming ‘systems thinkers’ and highlighting the importance of forming new partnerships and exploring new modes of knowledge sharing to effectively respond to crises.","PeriodicalId":47042,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Development Studies","volume":"21 1","pages":"361 - 379"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42187776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.1177/14649934211018519
L. Baker
The bicycle has been prescribed as an ‘intermediate mode of transport’ intended as a low-cost approach to address mobility inequality and poverty in sub-Saharan Africa. Within this framework, the bicycle is commonly intended to technologically advance head portage for those who cannot access motorized transport. The singular vision of the bicycle as a load-carrying device has sought to encourage industrious activities over alternative practices, such as play, embodied sensory experiences of mobility and conspicuous consumption for identity performance that are important aspects of youth agency. This article alternatively demonstrates the complexity of mobility and consumer behaviour among young Namibians as they negotiate multiple identities embodied in their mobility. In doing so, the article examines the limitations of youth agency expressed in play, mobility and subject formation, given the normative understandings of gender.
{"title":"Rational versus Fashionable: Youth Identity, Play and Agency in Namibian Cycling Mobilities","authors":"L. Baker","doi":"10.1177/14649934211018519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14649934211018519","url":null,"abstract":"The bicycle has been prescribed as an ‘intermediate mode of transport’ intended as a low-cost approach to address mobility inequality and poverty in sub-Saharan Africa. Within this framework, the bicycle is commonly intended to technologically advance head portage for those who cannot access motorized transport. The singular vision of the bicycle as a load-carrying device has sought to encourage industrious activities over alternative practices, such as play, embodied sensory experiences of mobility and conspicuous consumption for identity performance that are important aspects of youth agency. This article alternatively demonstrates the complexity of mobility and consumer behaviour among young Namibians as they negotiate multiple identities embodied in their mobility. In doing so, the article examines the limitations of youth agency expressed in play, mobility and subject formation, given the normative understandings of gender.","PeriodicalId":47042,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Development Studies","volume":"21 1","pages":"264 - 279"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/14649934211018519","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43804029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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