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Relationship Between Anti-DFS70 Autoantibodies and Oxidative Stress. 抗dfs70自身抗体与氧化应激的关系
IF 3.8 Q2 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/11772719211066791
Paweł Krzemień, Sławomir Kasperczyk, Maciej Banach, Aleksandra Kasperczyk, Michał Dobrakowski, Tomasz Tomasik, Adam Windak, Mirosław Mastej, Alberico Catapano, Kausik K Ray, Dimitri P Mikhailidis, Peter P Toth, George Howard, Gregory Yh Lip, Maciej Tomaszewski, Fadi J Charchar, Naveed Sattar, Bryan Williams, Thomas M MacDonald, Peter E Penson, Jacek J Jóźwiak
Background: The anti-DFS70 autoantibodies are one of the most commonly and widely described agent of unknown clinical significance, frequently detected in healthy individuals. It is not known whether the DFS70 autoantibodies are protective or pathogenic. One of the factors suspected of inducing the formation of anti-DFS70 antibodies is increased oxidative stress. We evaluated the coexistence of anti-DFS70 antibodies with selected markers of oxidative stress and investigated whether these antibodies could be considered as indirect markers of oxidative stress. Methods: The intensity of oxidative stress was measured in all samples via indices of free-radical damage to lipids and proteins such as total oxidant status (TOS), concentrations of lipid hydroperoxides (LPH), lipofuscin (LPS), and malondialdehyde (MDA). The parameters of the non-enzymatic antioxidant system, such as total antioxidant status (TAS) and uric acid concentration (UA), were also measured, as well as the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD). Based on TOS and TAS values, the oxidative stress index (OSI) was calculated. All samples were also tested with indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and 357 samples were selected for direct monospecific anti DFS70 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) testing. Results: The anti-DFS70 antibodies were confirmed by ELISA test in 21.29% of samples. Compared with anti-DFS70 negative samples we observed 23% lower concentration of LPH (P = .038) and 11% lower concentration of UA (P = .005). TOS was 20% lower (P = .014). The activity of SOD was up to 5% higher (P = .037). The Pearson correlation showed weak negative correlation for LPH, UA, and TOS and a weak positive correlation for SOD activity. Conclusion: In samples positive for the anti-DFS70 antibody a decreased level of oxidative stress was observed, especially in the case of samples with a high antibody titer. Anti-DFS70 antibodies can be considered as an indirect marker of reduced oxidative stress or a marker indicating the recent intensification of antioxidant processes.
背景:抗dfs70自身抗体是最常见和广泛描述的临床意义未知的药物之一,经常在健康个体中检测到。目前尚不清楚DFS70自身抗体是保护性的还是致病性的。被怀疑诱导形成抗dfs70抗体的因素之一是氧化应激的增加。我们评估了抗dfs70抗体与氧化应激标记物的共存情况,并研究了这些抗体是否可以被视为氧化应激的间接标记物。方法:通过总氧化状态(TOS)、脂质氢过氧化物(LPH)、脂褐素(LPS)和丙二醛(MDA)浓度等自由基对脂质和蛋白质的损伤指数来测量所有样品的氧化应激强度。测定了非酶促抗氧化系统的总抗氧化状态(TAS)、尿酸浓度(UA)及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性。根据TOS和TAS值计算氧化应激指数(OSI)。所有样品均采用间接免疫荧光法(IFA)检测,并选择357份样品进行直接单特异性抗DFS70酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测。结果:21.29%的样品经ELISA检测,检测出dfs70抗体。与抗dfs70阴性样品相比,LPH浓度降低23% (P = 0.038), UA浓度降低11% (P = 0.005)。TOS降低20% (P = 0.014)。SOD活性比对照组高5% (P = 0.037)。Pearson相关性显示LPH、UA和TOS呈弱负相关,SOD活性呈弱正相关。结论:在抗dfs70抗体阳性的样品中,氧化应激水平下降,特别是在抗体滴度高的样品中。抗dfs70抗体可以被认为是氧化应激降低的间接标记物或表明近期抗氧化过程增强的标记物。
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引用次数: 1
Analysis of Sex-Specific Prostanoid Production Using a Mouse Model of Selective Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibition. 利用选择性环氧化酶-2抑制小鼠模型分析性别特异性前列腺素生成。
IF 3.8 Q2 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/11772719221142151
Rita K Upmacis, Wendy L Becker, Donna M Rattendi, Raven S Bell, Kelsey D Jordan, Shayan Saniei, Elena Mejia

Background: Prostanoids are a family of lipid mediators formed from arachidonic acid by cyclooxygenase enzymes and serve as biomarkers of vascular function. Prostanoid production may be different in males and females indicating that different therapeutic approaches may be required during disease.

Objectives: We examined sex-dependent differences in COX-related metabolites in genetically modified mice that produce a cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) enzyme containing a tyrosine 385 to phenylalanine (Y385F) mutation. This mutation renders the COX2 enzyme unable to form a key intermediate radical required for complete arachidonic acid metabolism and provides a model of selective COX2 inhibition.

Design and methods: Mice heterozygous for the Y385F mutation in COX2 were mated to produce cohorts of wild-type, heterozygous, and COX2 mutant mice. We investigated whether the genotype distribution followed Mendelian genetics and studied whether sex-specific differences could be found in certain prostanoid levels measured in peritoneal macrophages and in urinary samples.

Results: The inheritance of the COX2 mutation displayed a significant deviation with respect to Mendel's laws of genetics, with a lower-than-expected progeny of weaned COX2 mutant pups. In macrophages, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon gamma (IFNγ) stimulation was COX2-dependent in both males and females, and data indicated that crosstalk between the nitric oxide (NO) and COX2 pathways may be sex specific. We observed significant differences in urinary PGE2 production by male and female COX2 mutant mice, with the loss of COX2 activity in male mice decreasing their ability to produce urinary PGE2. Finally, female mice across all 3 genotypes produced similar levels of urinary thromboxane (measured as 11-dehydro TxB2) at significantly higher levels than males, indicating a sex-related difference that is likely COX1-derived.

Conclusions: Our findings clearly demonstrate that sex-related differences in COX-derived metabolites can be observed, and that other pathways (such as the NO pathway) are affected.

背景:前列腺素是由花生四烯酸通过环加氧酶形成的一类脂质介质,是血管功能的生物标志物。前列腺素的产生在男性和女性中可能不同,这表明在疾病期间可能需要不同的治疗方法。目的:我们研究了在产生含有酪氨酸385到苯丙氨酸(Y385F)突变的环氧化酶-2 (COX2)酶的转基因小鼠中cox相关代谢物的性别依赖性差异。这种突变使COX2酶无法形成完全花生四烯酸代谢所需的关键中间自由基,并提供了选择性COX2抑制的模型。设计和方法:对COX2中Y385F突变的杂合小鼠进行交配,产生野生型、杂合型和COX2突变小鼠。我们调查了基因型分布是否遵循孟德尔遗传学,并研究了在腹膜巨噬细胞和尿液样本中测量的某些前列腺素水平是否存在性别特异性差异。结果:COX2突变的遗传表现出与孟德尔遗传定律的显著偏差,断奶COX2突变幼崽的后代低于预期。在巨噬细胞中,在脂多糖(LPS)和干扰素γ (IFNγ)刺激后,前列腺素E2 (PGE2)的产生在雄性和雌性中都依赖于COX2,数据表明一氧化氮(NO)和COX2途径之间的串扰可能是性别特异性的。我们观察到雄性和雌性COX2突变小鼠产生尿PGE2的显著差异,雄性小鼠COX2活性的丧失降低了它们产生尿PGE2的能力。最后,所有3种基因型的雌性小鼠产生相似水平的尿血栓素(测量为11-脱氢TxB2),其水平明显高于雄性,表明性别相关的差异可能是cox1衍生的。结论:我们的研究结果清楚地表明,cox衍生代谢物的性别相关差异是可以观察到的,并且其他途径(如NO途径)受到影响。
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引用次数: 0
Aberrant expression of miR-138 as a novel diagnostic biomarker in systemic sclerosis. miR-138作为系统性硬化症新诊断生物标志物的异常表达
IF 3.8 Q2 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/11772719221135442
Paria Bayati, Hadi Poormoghim, Nazanin Mojtabavi

Background: MicroRNAs are short nucleotide sequences that contribute to the regulation of various biological functions and therefore their roles have been investigated in many pathologic conditions such as epithelial to mesenchymal transition in cancer and fibrosis; among them, miR-138 has been mostly studied in cancer biology and is well-known for its suppressing effect on cancer progression. Being able to suppress major pathways involved in EMT, miR-138 could be a good candidate to be investigated in fibrotic responses too. Based on our previous studies, and the capability of miR-138 to target and regulate several components of the EMT pathway; we hypothesized a role for miR-138 in systemic sclerosis. Accordingly, the gene expression of miR-138 was assessed to find any alterations in the whole blood of the SSc patients.

Methods: Blood was collected from 70 patients with systemic sclerosis (equally divided between 2 groups of limited and diffuse categories) and 30 healthy individuals as controls. RNA was immediately isolated from the fresh whole blood; afterward, the resulting RNA was reverse transcribed into cDNA and then the relative expression of miR-138 was compared between the patients and the controls by the means of qPCR, and specific TaqMan primer and probes.

Results: The relative expression of miR-138 was significantly lower in patients with systemic sclerosis compared to the controls. No significant difference was observed between the limited and diffuse patient groups. ROC curve analysis showed an appropriate diagnostic value of miR-138 in effectively differentiating SSc patients from the healthy controls.

Conclusion: miR-138 is likely involved in the pathogenesis of SSc and with further evaluations may be utilized as a diagnostic biomarker in SSc. Also, targeting miR-138 in future studies could be promising for finding a novel treatment option for patients with SSc.

背景:MicroRNAs是一种短核苷酸序列,有助于调节各种生物功能,因此它们在许多病理条件下的作用已被研究,如癌症和纤维化中的上皮细胞向间质细胞转化;其中,miR-138在癌症生物学领域的研究最多,因其对癌症进展的抑制作用而闻名。miR-138能够抑制参与EMT的主要途径,也可能是纤维化反应研究的一个很好的候选者。基于我们之前的研究,以及miR-138靶向和调节EMT通路的几个组分的能力;我们假设miR-138在系统性硬化症中的作用。因此,评估miR-138的基因表达,以发现SSc患者全血中的任何改变。方法:采集70例系统性硬化症患者的血液(分为局限性组和弥漫性组)和30例健康人作为对照。立即从新鲜全血中分离RNA;然后将得到的RNA逆转录成cDNA,通过qPCR、特异性TaqMan引物和探针比较患者与对照组miR-138的相对表达量。结果:与对照组相比,系统性硬化症患者miR-138的相对表达明显降低。局限性组和弥漫性组之间无显著差异。ROC曲线分析显示miR-138在有效区分SSc患者与健康对照中具有适当的诊断价值。结论:miR-138可能参与了SSc的发病机制,经过进一步的评估,miR-138可能被用作SSc的诊断生物标志物。此外,在未来的研究中靶向miR-138可能有望为SSc患者找到一种新的治疗选择。
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引用次数: 4
Host Transcriptional Signatures Predict Etiology in Community-Acquired Pneumonia: Potential Antibiotic Stewardship Tools 宿主转录特征预测社区获得性肺炎的病因:潜在的抗生素管理工具
IF 3.8 Q2 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/11772719221099130
W. Siljan, D. Sivakumaran, C. Ritz, S. Jenum, T. Ottenhoff, E. Ulvestad, J. Holter, L. Heggelund, H. Grewal
Background: Current approaches for pathogen identification in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) remain suboptimal, leaving most patients without a microbiological diagnosis. If better diagnostic tools were available for differentiating between viral and bacterial CAP, unnecessary antibacterial therapy could be avoided in viral CAP patients. Methods: In 156 adults hospitalized with CAP classified to have bacterial, viral, or mixed viral-bacterial infection based on microbiological testing or both microbiological testing and procalcitonin (PCT) levels, we aimed to identify discriminatory host transcriptional signatures in peripheral blood samples acquired at hospital admission, by applying Dual-color-Reverse-Transcriptase-Multiplex-Ligation-dependent-Probe-Amplification (dc-RT MLPA). Results: In patients classified by microbiological testing, a 9-transcript signature showed high accuracy for discriminating bacterial from viral CAP (AUC 0.91, 95% CI 0.85-0.96), while a 10-transcript signature similarly discriminated mixed viral-bacterial from viral CAP (AUC 0.91, 95% CI 0.86-0.96). In patients classified by both microbiological testing and PCT levels, a 13-transcript signature showed excellent accuracy for discriminating bacterial from viral CAP (AUC 1.00, 95% CI 1.00-1.00), while a 7-transcript signature similarly discriminated mixed viral-bacterial from viral CAP (AUC 0.93, 95% CI 0.87-0.98). Conclusion: Our findings support host transcriptional signatures in peripheral blood samples as a potential tool for guiding clinical decision-making and antibiotic stewardship in CAP.
背景:目前社区获得性肺炎(CAP)的病原体鉴定方法仍然不够理想,使大多数患者无法进行微生物学诊断。如果有更好的诊断工具来区分病毒性和细菌性CAP,就可以避免对病毒性CAP患者进行不必要的抗菌治疗。方法:根据微生物检测或微生物检测和降钙素原(PCT)水平,对156名CAP住院成人进行细菌、病毒或混合病毒-细菌感染的分类,我们旨在通过双色逆转录酶-多重连接依赖性探针扩增(dc-RT MLPA)技术,在入院时获得的外周血样本中识别歧视性宿主转录特征。结果:在微生物检测分类的患者中,9个转录本标记在区分细菌和病毒性CAP方面具有很高的准确性(AUC 0.91, 95% CI 0.85-0.96),而10个转录本标记在区分病毒性CAP和混合病毒-细菌方面具有相似的准确性(AUC 0.91, 95% CI 0.86-0.96)。在通过微生物检测和PCT水平进行分类的患者中,13个转录本标记在区分细菌和病毒性CAP方面表现出极好的准确性(AUC为1.00,95% CI为1.00-1.00),而7个转录本标记同样可以区分混合病毒-细菌和病毒性CAP (AUC为0.93,95% CI为0.87-0.98)。结论:我们的研究结果支持外周血样本中的宿主转录特征作为指导CAP临床决策和抗生素管理的潜在工具。
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引用次数: 1
Circulating Tumor Cell-Free DNA Genes as Prognostic Gene Signature for Platinum Resistant Ovarian Cancer Diagnosis. 循环肿瘤无细胞DNA基因作为铂耐药卵巢癌诊断的预后基因标志。
IF 3.8 Q2 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/11772719221088404
Camille C Gunderson, Rangasudhagar Radhakrishnan, Rohini Gomathinayagam, Sanam Husain, Sheeja Aravindan, Kathleen M Moore, Danny N Dhanasekaran, Muralidharan Jayaraman

Clinical management of gynecological cancer begins by optimal debulking with first-line platinum-based chemotherapy. However, in ~80% patients, ovarian cancer will recur and is lethal. Prognostic gene signature panel identifying platinum-resistance enables better patient stratification for precision therapy. Retrospectively collected serum from 11 "poor" (<6 months progression free interval [PFI]) and 22 "favorable" (>24 months PFI) prognosis patients, were evaluated using circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA). DNA from both groups showed 50 to 10 000 bp fragments. Pairwise analysis of sequenced cfDNA from patients showed that gene dosages were higher for 29 genes and lower for 64 genes in poor than favorable prognosis patients. Gene ontology analysis of higher dose genes predominantly grouped into cytoskeletal proteins, while lower dose genes, as hydrolases and receptors. Higher dosage genes searched for cancer-relatedness in Reactome database indicated 15 genes were referenced with cancer. Among them 3 genes, TGFBR2, ZMIZ2, and NRG2, were interacting with more than 4 cancer-associated genes. Protein expression analysis of tumor samples indicated that TGFBR2 was downregulated and ZMIZ2 was upregulated in poor prognosis patients. Our results indicate that the cfDNA gene dosage combined with protein expression in tumor samples can serve as gene signature panel for prognosis determination amongst ovarian cancer patients.

妇科癌症的临床治疗从一线铂类化疗开始。然而,在约80%的患者中,卵巢癌会复发并且是致命的。预后基因标记面板识别铂耐药,使患者更好地分层进行精确治疗。回顾性收集11例预后不良(24个月PFI)患者的血清,采用循环无细胞DNA (cfDNA)进行评估。两组DNA均显示50 ~ 10000 bp的片段。对患者cfDNA测序的两两分析显示,在预后较差的患者中,29个基因的剂量较高,64个基因的剂量较低。高剂量基因主要分为细胞骨架蛋白,低剂量基因主要分为水解酶和受体。在Reactome数据库中搜索高剂量基因,发现有15个基因与癌症相关。其中TGFBR2、ZMIZ2、NRG2 3个基因与4个以上癌症相关基因相互作用。肿瘤样本蛋白表达分析显示,在预后不良患者中,TGFBR2下调,ZMIZ2上调。我们的研究结果表明,cfDNA基因剂量结合肿瘤样品中的蛋白表达可以作为卵巢癌患者预后判断的基因标记面板。
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引用次数: 1
Decrease in Plasma miR-27a and miR-221 After Concussion in Australian Football Players 澳大利亚足球运动员脑震荡后血浆miR-27a和miR-221的减少
IF 3.8 Q2 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/11772719221081318
S. Shultz, Caroline J Taylor, Riemke Aggio-Bruce, W. T. O'Brien, Mujun Sun, Adrian V Cioanca, George A. Neocleous, Georgia F Symons, R. Brady, A. Hardikar, M. Joglekar, Daniel M Costello, T. O’Brien, R. Natoli, S. McDonald
Introduction: Sports-related concussion (SRC) is a common form of brain injury that lacks reliable methods to guide clinical decisions. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can influence biological processes involved in SRC, and measurement of miRNAs in biological fluids may provide objective diagnostic and return to play/recovery biomarkers. Therefore, this prospective study investigated the temporal profile of circulating miRNA levels in concussed male and female athletes. Methods: Pre-season baseline blood samples were collected from amateur Australian rules football players (82 males, 45 females). Of these, 20 males and 8 females sustained an SRC during the subsequent season and underwent blood sampling at 2-, 6- and 13-days post-injury. A miRNA discovery Open Array was conducted on plasma to assess the expression of 754 known/validated miRNAs. miRNA target identified were further investigated with quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) in a validation study. Data pertaining to SRC symptoms, demographics, sporting history, education history and concussion history were also collected. Results: Discovery analysis identified 18 candidate miRNA. The consequent validation study found that plasma miR-221-3p levels were decreased at 6d and 13d, and that miR-27a-3p levels were decreased at 6d, when compared to baseline. Moreover, miR-27a and miR-221-3p levels were inversely correlated with SRC symptom severity. Conclusion: Circulating levels of miR-27a-3p and miR-221-3p were decreased in the sub-acute stages after SRC, and were inversely correlated with SRC symptom severity. Although further studies are required, these analyses have identified miRNA biomarker candidates of SRC severity and recovery that may one day assist in its clinical management.
运动相关脑震荡(SRC)是一种常见的脑损伤形式,缺乏可靠的方法来指导临床决策。microrna (mirna)可以影响SRC中涉及的生物过程,测量生物体液中的mirna可以提供客观的诊断和回归/恢复生物标志物。因此,这项前瞻性研究调查了脑震荡男女运动员循环miRNA水平的时间分布。方法:采集业余澳式足球运动员季前基线血液样本(男82人,女45人)。其中,20只雄性和8只雌性在随后的季节中持续了SRC,并在受伤后2、6和13天进行了血液采样。在血浆中使用miRNA发现开放阵列来评估754个已知/验证的miRNA的表达。在验证研究中,我们用实时荧光定量PCR (qRT-PCR)进一步研究鉴定出的miRNA靶点。还收集了与SRC症状、人口统计学、运动史、教育史和脑震荡史有关的数据。结果:发现分析鉴定出18个候选miRNA。随后的验证研究发现,与基线相比,血浆miR-221-3p水平在第6天和第13天降低,miR-27a-3p水平在第6天降低。此外,miR-27a和miR-221-3p水平与SRC症状严重程度呈负相关。结论:外周血miR-27a-3p和miR-221-3p水平在SRC后亚急性期降低,且与SRC症状严重程度呈负相关。虽然需要进一步的研究,但这些分析已经确定了SRC严重程度和恢复的miRNA生物标志物候选物,可能有一天有助于其临床管理。
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引用次数: 6
Serum Neurofilament Light as a Biomarker of Traumatic Brain Injury in the Presence of Concomitant Peripheral Injury. 血清神经丝光作为伴随外周损伤的创伤性脑损伤的生物标志物。
IF 3.8 Q2 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2021-10-26 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/11772719211053449
Ker Rui Wong, William T O'Brien, Mujun Sun, Glenn Yamakawa, Terence J O'Brien, Richelle Mychasiuk, Sandy R Shultz, Stuart J McDonald, Rhys D Brady

Introduction: Serum neurofilament light (NfL) is an emerging biomarker of traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, the effect of peripheral injuries such as long bone fracture and skeletal muscle injury on serum NfL levels is unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine whether serum NfL levels can be used as a biomarker of TBI in the presence of concomitant peripheral injuries.

Methods: Rats were randomly assigned to one of four injury groups: polytrauma (muscle crush + fracture + TBI; n = 11); peripheral injuries (muscle crush + fracture + sham-TBI; n = 12); TBI-only (sham-muscle crush + sham-fracture + TBI; n = 13); and triple-sham (n = 7). At 2-days post-injury, serum levels of NfL were quantified using a Simoa HD-X Analyzer.

Results: Compared to triple-sham rats, serum NfL concentrations were higher in rats with peripheral injuries-only, TBI-only, and polytrauma. When compared to peripheral injury-only rats, serum NfL levels were higher in TBI-only and polytrauma rats. No differences were found between TBI-only and polytrauma rats.

Conclusion: Serum NfL levels did not differ between TBI-only and polytrauma rats, indicating that significant peripheral injuries did not affect the sensitivity and specificity of serum NfL as a biomarker of moderate TBI. However, the finding of elevated serum NfL levels in rats with peripheral injuries in the absence of a TBI suggests that the presence of such injuries may limit the utility of NfL as a biomarker of less severe TBI (eg, concussion).

血清神经丝光(NfL)是一种新兴的创伤性脑损伤(TBI)生物标志物。然而,周围性损伤如长骨骨折和骨骼肌损伤对血清NfL水平的影响尚不清楚。因此,本研究的目的是确定血清NfL水平是否可以作为伴有外周损伤的TBI的生物标志物。方法:将大鼠随机分为4个损伤组:多发伤组(肌肉挤压+骨折+ TBI;n = 11);外周损伤(肌肉挤压+骨折+假性tbi);n = 12);仅TBI(假性肌肉挤压+假性骨折+ TBI;n = 13);和三重sham (n = 7)。损伤后2天,使用Simoa HD-X分析仪定量血清NfL水平。结果:与三次假手术大鼠相比,仅外周损伤、仅tbi和多发损伤大鼠的血清NfL浓度更高。与单纯外周损伤大鼠相比,单纯创伤大鼠和多发损伤大鼠血清NfL水平更高。在单纯创伤大鼠和多发创伤大鼠之间没有发现差异。结论:血清NfL水平在单纯创伤大鼠和多发创伤大鼠之间没有差异,表明明显的外周损伤不影响血清NfL作为中度创伤生物标志物的敏感性和特异性。然而,在没有发生TBI的外周损伤大鼠中发现血清NfL水平升高,这表明这种损伤的存在可能限制了NfL作为轻度TBI(如脑震荡)生物标志物的效用。
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引用次数: 8
Companion Diagnostics: State of the Art and New Regulations. 伴随诊断:最新技术和新法规。
IF 3.8 Q2 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2021-10-11 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/11772719211047763
Vasiliki Valla, Saba Alzabin, Angeliki Koukoura, Amy Lewis, Anne Ahlmann Nielsen, Efstathios Vassiliadis

Companion diagnostics (CDx) hail promise of improving the drug development process and precision medicine. However, there are various challenges involved in the clinical development and regulation of CDx, which are considered high-risk in vitro diagnostic medical devices given the role they play in therapeutic decision-making and the complications they may introduce with respect to their sensitivity and specificity. The European Union (E.U.) is currently in the process of bringing into effect in vitro Diagnostic Medical Devices Regulation (IVDR). The new Regulation is introducing a wide range of stringent requirements for scientific validity, analytical and clinical performance, as well as on post-market surveillance activities throughout the lifetime of in vitro diagnostics (IVD). Compliance with General Safety and Performance Requirements (GSPRs) adopts a risk-based approach, which is also the case for the new classification system. This changing regulatory framework has an impact on all stakeholders involved in the IVD Industry, including Authorized Representatives, Distributors, Importers, Notified Bodies, and Reference Laboratories and is expected to have a significant effect on the development of new CDx.

伴随诊断(CDx)有望改善药物开发过程和精准医疗。然而,CDx的临床开发和监管面临各种挑战,鉴于它们在治疗决策中发挥的作用以及它们在敏感性和特异性方面可能引入的并发症,CDx被认为是高风险的体外诊断医疗设备。欧盟(eu)目前正在实施体外诊断医疗器械法规(IVDR)。新法规对科学有效性、分析和临床性能以及体外诊断(IVD)整个生命周期的上市后监测活动引入了广泛的严格要求。遵守一般安全和性能要求(GSPRs)采用基于风险的方法,新分类系统也是如此。这一不断变化的监管框架对IVD行业的所有利益相关者都产生了影响,包括授权代表、分销商、进口商、公告机构和参考实验室,预计将对新CDx的开发产生重大影响。
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引用次数: 12
Advancing the Care of Pancreatic Cancer Patients: Moving Beyond Just Tumour Tissue. 推进胰腺癌患者的护理:超越肿瘤组织。
IF 3.8 Q2 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2021-10-11 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/11772719211049852
Steve E Kalloger, Joanna M Karasinska, Cassia Warren, Daniel J Renouf, David F Schaeffer

Biobanking efforts, to establish and grow the pool of available tissue from which evidence on aetiology, therapeutic susceptibility and prognosis of various diseases, have been underway for decades. This is illustrated nowhere better than in cancer. High incidence cancers such as breast, colorectal and lung have seen massive increases in their requisite formularies that have yielded improved prognoses. These discoveries, on a very fundamental level, were made by scientists who had access to tumour tissue and associated clinical data from patient donors. As the research space for higher incidence malignancies became increasingly crowded, attention has turned towards those malignancies with lower incidence. In the same time span, technology has continued to evolve, allowing the next generation of scientists and clinicians to ask more nuanced questions. Inquiries are no longer limited to the -omics of tumour tissue but also include biomarkers of blood and excretory products, concurrent disease status and composition of the gut microbiome. The impact of these new technologies and the questions now facing researchers in low-incidence cancers will be summarized and discussed. Our experience with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma will be used as a model for this review.

生物银行的工作已经进行了几十年,目的是建立和发展可用组织库,从中提供各种疾病的病因学、治疗易感性和预后的证据。没有什么比癌症更能说明这一点了。乳腺癌、结肠直肠癌和肺癌等高发癌症的必要处方大幅增加,预后得到改善。这些发现,在一个非常基本的层面上,是由能够接触到肿瘤组织和来自患者捐赠者的相关临床数据的科学家做出的。随着高发病率恶性肿瘤的研究空间日益拥挤,人们的注意力转向了低发病率恶性肿瘤。与此同时,技术不断发展,使下一代科学家和临床医生能够提出更细微的问题。调查不再局限于肿瘤组织的组学,还包括血液和排泄产物的生物标志物,并发疾病状态和肠道微生物组的组成。总结和讨论这些新技术的影响以及低发病率癌症研究人员目前面临的问题。我们在胰腺导管腺癌方面的经验将被用作本综述的模型。
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引用次数: 0
Prognostic Utility of Pretreatment Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio in Advanced Larynx Cancer. 中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值预处理在晚期喉癌预后中的应用。
IF 3.8 Q2 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2021-10-11 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/11772719211049848
Nikhil V Kotha, Rohith S Voora, Alex S Qian, Abhishek Kumar, Edmund M Qiao, Tyler F Stewart, Brent S Rose, Ryan K Orosco

Purpose: Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio has been explored as a prognosticator in several cancer types, but its association with larynx cancer outcomes is not well known. We aimed to identify an optimal NLR cutoff point and examine the prognostic utility of this biomarker in patients with locoregionally advanced larynx cancer treated with curative intent.

Methods: In the Veterans Affairs' (VA) national database, we identified patients with locoregionally advanced (T3-4N0-3M0) laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma diagnosed between 2000 and 2017 and treated with curative intent. NLR cutoff points were calculated using Contal/O'Quigley's method. Outcomes of larynx cancer-specific survival (CSS), overall survival (OS), and non-larynx cancer survival (NCS) were evaluated in multivariable Cox and Fine-Gray models.

Results: In 1047 patients, the optimal pretreatment NLR cutoff was identified as 4.17 - 722 patients with NLR ⩽ 4.17, 325 patients with NLR > 4.17. The elevated NLR cohort had a higher proportion of T4 disease (39.4% vs 28.4%), node positive disease (52.3% vs 43.1%), and surgical treatment (43.7% vs 35.2%). In multivariable analysis, NLR > 4.17 was independently associated with worse OS (HR 1.31, 95% CI 1.12-1.54, P = .001) and worse CSS (HR 1.46, 95% CI 1.17-1.83, P < .001), but not with NCS (HR 0.94, 95% CI 0.75-1.18, P = .58).

Conclusion: In locoregionally advanced larynx cancer treated with curative intent, we identified elevated NLR to be associated with inferior OS and CSS. Further prospective studies are needed to investigate pretreatment NLR and our identified 4.17 cutoff as a potential larynx cancer-specific marker for this high risk population.

目的:中性粒细胞-淋巴细胞比率已被探讨作为几种癌症类型的预后指标,但其与喉癌预后的关系尚不清楚。我们的目的是确定一个最佳的NLR截止点,并检查该生物标志物在局部区域晚期喉癌患者中治疗意图的预后效用。方法:在退伍军人事务部(VA)国家数据库中,我们确定了2000年至2017年间诊断并以治愈意图治疗的局部晚期(T3-4N0-3M0)喉鳞状细胞癌患者。NLR截止点采用Contal/O'Quigley方法计算。采用多变量Cox和Fine-Gray模型评估喉癌特异性生存期(CSS)、总生存期(OS)和非喉癌生存期(NCS)。结果:1047例患者中,最佳预处理NLR截止值为4.17 ~ 722例NLR≤4.17,325例NLR > 4.17。NLR升高的队列中T4疾病(39.4%比28.4%)、淋巴结阳性疾病(52.3%比43.1%)和手术治疗(43.7%比35.2%)的比例更高。在多变量分析中,NLR > 4.17与较差的OS (HR 1.31, 95% CI 1.12-1.54, P = .001)和较差的CSS (HR 1.46, 95% CI 1.17-1.83, P = .58)独立相关。结论:在以治愈为目的治疗的局部晚期喉癌中,我们发现NLR升高与不良OS和CSS相关。需要进一步的前瞻性研究来调查预处理NLR和我们确定的4.17临界值作为这一高危人群的潜在喉癌特异性标志物。
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引用次数: 4
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