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Evaluation of Genetic Polymorphisms of the Antioxidant Enzymes and Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Preterm Neonates With Respiratory Distress Syndrome Receiving External Surfactant. 接受外部表面活性剂治疗的呼吸窘迫综合征早产儿抗氧化酶和氧化应激生物标志物的遗传多态性评价
IF 3.8 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-11-13 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/11772719221137608
Kannan Sridharan, Mona Al Jufairi, Aamal AbdulGhani Mahdi Hejab, Abdulraoof Al Madhoob, Reem Al Marzooq, Safa Taha, Muna Jaber Mulla Aljishi, Ameera Abdulhadi, Eman Al Ansari, Masooma Abdulla Ali, Maryam Ali Ahmed Naser, Ola Al Segai, Kevin Dunne

Background: Preterm neonates, particularly extremely preterm, are susceptible to respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) due to surfactant deficiency. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the antioxidant enzymes influence the balance between antioxidant and oxidative stress molecules.

Objectives: To ascertain the role of SNPs of antioxidant enzymes and oxidative stress biomarkers in preterm neonates with RDS.

Design: Observational, cross-sectional study.

Methods: Preterm neonates diagnosed with RDS receiving external surfactant within 24 hours were considered as the cases and those without RDS were the control group. Umbilical cord blood and peripheral blood samples before administering surfactant (day 1), and on days 2 and 3 were collected. Plasma malondialdehyde, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxy guanosine (8-OH-dG), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), visfatin, reduced glutathione, and chaperonin 60 were evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. SNPs in manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX1 and GPX3), catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GSTP1) were evaluated using real-time polymerase-chain-reaction. The receiver-operating characteristics curve was used for predicting the accuracy of biomarkers using the area under the curve (AUC) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).

Results: GSTP1, MnSOD, and eNOS (rs1799983) SNPs were observed to significantly influence the oxidative biomarker concentrations in the entire study population. SNPs in GSTP1, MnSOD, and eNOS (rs1799983) were significantly associated with differences in oxidative stress biomarkers. MnSOD (rs4880) significantly increased the risk of pulmonary complications in neonates with RDS. DNA damage product (8-OH-dG) concentrations before surfactant administration has the best predictive accuracy (AUC: 0.8; 95% CI: 0.7-1; P = .001) for pulmonary complications with a cut-off value of 5008.8 pg/mL. TAC concentrations are significantly greater on day 2 and day 3 amongst neonates receiving surfactant compared to the control group. AOPP in the umbilical cord blood was observed to significantly predict the severity of RDS (AUC: 0.8; 95% CI: 0.6-1; P = .01) with an optimal cut-off value of 88.78 µmol/L.

Conclusion: We observed that SNPs in eNOS and MnSOD significantly influence the production of oxidative stress biomarkers in preterm neonates. Baseline 8-OH-dG concentrations best predict the risk of pulmonary complications and AOPP concentrations in the umbilical cord blood predict the risk of RDS severity.

背景:早产儿,特别是极早产儿,由于表面活性剂缺乏,容易发生呼吸窘迫综合征(RDS)。抗氧化酶中的单核苷酸多态性(snp)影响抗氧化和氧化应激分子之间的平衡。目的:探讨抗氧化酶snp和氧化应激生物标志物在RDS早产儿中的作用。设计:观察性横断面研究。方法:以诊断为RDS的早产儿24小时内接受外表面活性剂治疗为例,未诊断为RDS的早产儿为对照组。在给药前(第1天)、第2天和第3天采集脐带血和外周血标本。采用酶联免疫吸附法评价血浆丙二醛、8-羟基-2-脱氧鸟苷(8-OH-dG)、高级氧化蛋白产物(AOPP)、总抗氧化能力(TAC)、visfatin、还原性谷胱甘肽和伴侣蛋白60。采用实时聚合酶链反应检测锰超氧化物歧化酶(MnSOD)、铜/锌超氧化物歧化酶(Cu/Zn SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX1和GPX3)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽s -转移酶(GSTP1)的snp。利用曲线下面积(AUC)和95%置信区间(95% CI),采用受试者操作特征曲线预测生物标志物的准确性。结果:GSTP1、MnSOD和eNOS (rs1799983) snp显著影响整个研究人群的氧化生物标志物浓度。GSTP1、MnSOD和eNOS (rs1799983)的snp与氧化应激生物标志物的差异显著相关。MnSOD (rs4880)显著增加RDS新生儿肺部并发症的发生风险。表面活性剂给药前DNA损伤产物(8-OH-dG)浓度的预测精度最高(AUC: 0.8;95% ci: 0.7-1;P = .001),临界值为5008.8 pg/mL。与对照组相比,接受表面活性剂治疗的新生儿在第2天和第3天的TAC浓度明显更高。脐带血AOPP可显著预测RDS的严重程度(AUC: 0.8;95% ci: 0.6-1;P = 0.01),最佳临界值为88.78µmol/L。结论:我们观察到eNOS和MnSOD的snp显著影响早产儿氧化应激生物标志物的产生。基线8-OH-dG浓度最能预测肺部并发症的风险,脐带血AOPP浓度最能预测RDS严重程度的风险。
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引用次数: 1
The Prognostic Value of Lung Injury and Fibrosis Markers, KL-6, TGF-β1, FGF-2 in COVID-19 Patients. 肺损伤及纤维化标志物KL-6、TGF-β1、FGF-2在COVID-19患者中的预后价值
IF 3.8 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-11-07 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/11772719221135443
Hazan Karadeniz, Aslıhan Avanoğlu Güler, Hasan Selçuk Özger, Pınar Aysert Yıldız, Gonca Erbaş, Gülendam Bozdayı, Tuba Deveci Bulut, Özlem Gülbahar, Dilek Yapar, Hamit Küçük, Mehmet Akif Öztürk, Abdurrahman Tufan

Background: Biomarkers of lung injury and interstitial fibrosis give insight about the extent of involvement and prognosis in well-known interstitial lung diseases (ILD). Serum Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6) reflects direct alveolar injury and, transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1) and fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) are principal mediators of fibrosis in ILD and in almost all fibrotic diseases. In this sense, we aimed to assess associations of these biomarkers with traditional inflammatory markers and clinical course of COVID-19.

Methods: Patients with COVID-19 who had confirmed diagnosis with SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid RT-PCR were enrolled and followed up prospectively with a standardized approach one month after diagnosis. Patients were divided into severe and non-severe groups according to National Institutes of Health criteria. Outcome was assessed for the requirement of intensive care unit (ICU) admission, long term respiratory support and death. Blood samples were collected at enrollment and serum levels of KL-6, TGF-β1, FGF-2 were determined by ELISA. Association between these markers with other prognostic markers and prognosis were analyzed.

Results: Overall 31 severe and 28 non-severe COVID-19 patients were enrolled and were compared with healthy control subjects (n = 30). Serum KL-6 levels in COVID-19 patients were significantly higher (median [IQR]; 11.54 [4.86] vs 8.54 [3.98] ng/mL, P = .001] and FGF-2 levels were lower (median [IQR]; 76.84 [98.2] vs 101.62 [210.6] pg/mL) compared to healthy control group. A significant correlation was found between KL-6 values and CRP, fibrinogen, d-dimer and lymphocyte counts. However, we did not find an association between these markers and subsequent severity of COVID-19, mortality and long-term prognosis.

Conclusions: Serum KL-6 levels were significantly elevated at the diagnosis of COVID-19 and correlated well with the other traditional prognostic inflammatory markers. Serum levels of principal fibrosis mediators, TGF-β1, FGF-2, were not elevated at diagnosis of COVID-19, therefore did not help to anticipate long term prognosis.

背景:肺损伤和间质纤维化的生物标志物有助于了解众所周知的间质性肺疾病(ILD)的受累程度和预后。血清Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6)反映肺泡直接损伤,转化生长因子-β1 (TGF-β1)和成纤维细胞生长因子-2 (FGF-2)是ILD和几乎所有纤维化疾病纤维化的主要介质。从这个意义上说,我们旨在评估这些生物标志物与传统炎症标志物和COVID-19临床病程的相关性。方法:纳入经SARS-CoV-2核酸RT-PCR确诊的COVID-19患者,在确诊后1个月采用标准化方法进行前瞻性随访。根据美国国立卫生研究院的标准,将患者分为重症组和非重症组。结果评估重症监护病房(ICU)入院需求、长期呼吸支持和死亡。入组时采集血样,ELISA法检测血清中KL-6、TGF-β1、FGF-2水平。分析这些指标与其他预后指标及预后的关系。结果:共纳入31例重症和28例非重症COVID-19患者,并与健康对照组(n = 30)进行比较。COVID-19患者血清KL-6水平显著升高(中位数[IQR];11.54 [4.86] vs 8.54 [3.98] ng/mL, P = .001], FGF-2水平较低(中位数[IQR];76.84 [98.2] vs 101.62 [210.6] pg/mL)。KL-6值与CRP、纤维蛋白原、d-二聚体和淋巴细胞计数有显著相关性。然而,我们没有发现这些标志物与随后的COVID-19严重程度、死亡率和长期预后之间的关联。结论:血清KL-6水平在COVID-19诊断时显著升高,并与其他传统预后炎症指标有良好的相关性。血清主要纤维化介质TGF-β1、FGF-2在COVID-19诊断时未升高,因此无助于预测长期预后。
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引用次数: 5
MicroRNA Content of Ewing Sarcoma Derived Extracellular Vesicles Leads to Biomarker Potential and Identification of a Previously Undocumented EWS-FLI1 Translocation. 尤文肉瘤细胞外囊泡中的微RNA含量具有生物标记物的潜力,并发现了以前未记录的EWS-FLI1转位。
IF 3.8 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-10-31 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/11772719221132693
Jennifer Crow, Glenson Samuel, Emily Farrow, Margaret Gibson, Jefferey Johnston, Erin Guest, Neil Miller, Dong Pei, Devin Koestler, Harsh Pathak, Xiaobo Liang, Cooper Mangels, Andrew K Godwin

Objective: Ewing Sarcoma Family of Tumors (ESFT) are a highly aggressive pediatric bone and soft tissue malignancy with poor outcomes in the refractory and recurrent setting. Over 90% of Ewing Sarcoma (ES) tumors are driven by the pathognomonic EWS-ETS chimeric transcripts and their corresponding oncoproteins. It has been suggested that the EWS-ETS oncogenic action can mediate microRNA (miRNA) processing. Importantly, small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), including those frequently referred to as exosomes have been shown to be highly enriched with tumor-derived small RNAs such as miRNAs. We hypothesized that ESFT-specific sEVs are enriched with certain miRNAs which could be utilized toward an exo-miRNA biomarker signature specific to this disease. Methods: We performed miRNAseq to compare both the exo-derived and cell-derived miRNA content from 8 ESFT, 2 osteosarcoma, 2 non-cancerous cell lines, and pediatric plasma samples. Results: We found that sEVs derived from ESFT cells contained nearly 2-fold more number of unique individual miRNAs as compared to non-ESFT samples. Quantitative analysis of the differential enrichment of sEV miRNAs resulted in the identification of 62 sEV-miRNAs (exo-miRNAs) with significant (P < .05) enrichment variation between ESFT and non-ESFT sEV samples. To determine if we could utilize this miRNA signature to diagnose ESFT patients via a liquid biopsy, we analyzed the RNA content of total circulating sEVs isolated from 500 µL plasma from 5 pediatric ESFT patients, 2 pediatric osteosarcoma patients, 2 pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma patients, and 4 non-cancer pediatric controls. Pearson's clustering of 60 of the 62 candidate exo-miRNAs correctly identified 80% (4 of 5) of pathology confirmed ESFT patients. Importantly, RNAseq analysis of tumor tissue from the 1 outlier, revealed a previously uncharacterized EWS-FLI1 translocation.Conclusions: Taken together, these findings support the development and validation of an exo-miRNA-based liquid biopsy to aid in the diagnosis and monitoring of ESFT.

目的:尤文肉瘤家族肿瘤(ESFT)是一种侵袭性极强的小儿骨与软组织恶性肿瘤,在难治性和复发性情况下疗效不佳。90%以上的尤文肉瘤(ES)肿瘤都是由标志性的 EWS-ETS 嵌合转录本及其相应的癌蛋白驱动的。有人认为,EWS-ETS 的致癌作用可介导微 RNA(miRNA)的处理。重要的是,小型细胞外囊泡 (sEV),包括那些经常被称为外泌体的囊泡,已被证明高度富含肿瘤衍生的小 RNA,如 miRNA。我们推测,ESFT 特异性 sEVs 富含某些 miRNAs,可以利用这些 miRNAs 建立该疾病特异性的外显子-miRNA 生物标记特征。方法:我们对 8 个 ESFT、2 个骨肉瘤、2 个非癌症细胞系和儿科血浆样本进行了 miRNAseq,以比较外源性和细胞源性 miRNA 的含量。结果发现我们发现,与非 ESFT 样本相比,来自 ESFT 细胞的 sEVs 含有的独特 miRNA 数量多出近 2 倍。通过对 sEV miRNAs 富集差异的定量分析,我们鉴定出了 62 个 sEV-miRNAs(外显 miRNAs),它们在 ESFT 和非 ESFT sEV 样本之间的富集差异显著(P < .05)。为了确定我们是否能利用这种 miRNA 特征通过液体活检诊断 ESFT 患者,我们分析了从 5 名小儿 ESFT 患者、2 名小儿骨肉瘤患者、2 名小儿横纹肌肉瘤患者和 4 名非癌症小儿对照组的 500 µL 血浆中分离出来的总循环 sEV 的 RNA 含量。对 62 个候选外显子-miRNA 中的 60 个进行皮尔逊聚类,正确识别了 80% 的病理确诊 ESFT 患者(5 人中有 4 人)。重要的是,对1例离群者的肿瘤组织进行的RNAseq分析发现了以前未定性的EWS-FLI1易位:综上所述,这些研究结果支持开发和验证基于外显子-miRNA的液体活检方法,以帮助诊断和监测ESFT。
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引用次数: 0
Monitoring of Post-Brain Injuries By Measuring Plasma Levels of Neuron-Derived Extracellular Vesicles. 通过测量神经元源性细胞外囊泡血浆水平监测脑损伤后。
IF 3.8 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-10-26 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/11772719221128145
Naoshi Hotta, Takahiro Tadokoro, John Henry, Daisuke Koga, Keisuke Kawata, Hiroyuki Ishida, Yuko Oguma, Akihiro Hirata, Masato Mitsuhashi, Kenji Yoshitani

Background: Extracellular vesicles (EV) released from neurons into the blood can reflect the state of nervous tissue. Measurement of neuron derived EV (NDE) may serve as an indicator of brain injury.

Methods: A sandwich immunoassay was established to measure plasma NDE using anti-neuron CD171 and anti-EV CD9 ([CD171 + CD9+]). Plasma samples were obtained from commercial sources, cross-country (n = 9), football (n = 22), soccer (n = 19), and rugby (n = 18) athletes over time. Plasma was also collected from patients undergoing total aortic arch replacement (TAR) with selective cerebral perfusion during cardiopulmonary bypass before and after surgery (n = 36).

Results: The specificity, linearity, and reproducibility of NDE assay (measurement of [CD171 + CD9+]) were confirmed. By scanning electron microscopy and nanoparticle tracking, spherical vesicles ranging in size from 150 to 300 nm were confirmed. Plasma levels of NDE were widely spread over 2 to 3 logs in different individuals with a significant age-dependent decrease. However, NDE were very stable in each individual within a ± 50% change over time (cross-country, football, soccer), whereas rugby players were more variable over 4 years. In patients undergoing TAR, NDE increased rapidly in days post-surgery and were significantly (P = .0004) higher in those developing postoperative delirium (POD) (n = 13) than non-delirium patients (n = 23).

Conclusions: The blood test to determine plasma levels of NDE was established by a sandwich immunoassay using 2 antibodies against neuron (CD171) and exosomes (CD9). NDE levels varied widely in different individuals and decreased with age, indicating that NDE levels should be considered as a normalizer of NDE biomarker studies. However, NDE levels were stable over time in each individual, and increased rapidly after TAR with greater increases associated with patients developing POD. This assay may serve as a surrogate for evaluating and monitoring brain injuries.

背景:神经元向血液中释放的细胞外囊泡(Extracellular vesicles, EV)可以反映神经组织的状态。神经元源性EV (NDE)的测定可作为脑损伤的一种指标。方法:采用抗神经元CD171和抗ev CD9 ([CD171 + CD9+])建立夹心免疫法检测血浆NDE。血浆样本随时间从商业来源、越野(n = 9)、足球(n = 22)、足球(n = 19)和橄榄球(n = 18)运动员中获得。同时收集了36例在体外循环期间行全主动脉弓置换术(TAR)并选择性脑灌注的患者手术前后的血浆。结果:证实了NDE法(测定[CD171 + CD9+])的特异性、线性和重现性。通过扫描电镜和纳米颗粒跟踪,确定了150 ~ 300 nm大小的球形囊泡。在不同的个体中,NDE的血浆水平广泛分布在2至3个log中,并呈明显的年龄依赖性下降。然而,随着时间的推移(越野,足球,足球),每个人的濒死体验都非常稳定,变化在±50%以内,而橄榄球运动员在4年内变化更大。在接受TAR治疗的患者中,NDE在术后数天内迅速增加,发生术后谵妄(POD)的患者(n = 13)的NDE明显高于非谵妄患者(n = 23) (P = 0.0004)。结论:利用2种针对神经元(CD171)和外泌体(CD9)的抗体,采用夹心免疫分析法建立了检测血浆NDE水平的血液检测方法。NDE水平在不同个体中差异很大,并随着年龄的增长而下降,这表明NDE水平应被视为NDE生物标志物研究的正常化指标。然而,每个个体的NDE水平随着时间的推移是稳定的,并且在TAR后迅速增加,与发生POD的患者相关的增加更大。该试验可作为评估和监测脑损伤的替代方法。
{"title":"Monitoring of Post-Brain Injuries By Measuring Plasma Levels of Neuron-Derived Extracellular Vesicles.","authors":"Naoshi Hotta,&nbsp;Takahiro Tadokoro,&nbsp;John Henry,&nbsp;Daisuke Koga,&nbsp;Keisuke Kawata,&nbsp;Hiroyuki Ishida,&nbsp;Yuko Oguma,&nbsp;Akihiro Hirata,&nbsp;Masato Mitsuhashi,&nbsp;Kenji Yoshitani","doi":"10.1177/11772719221128145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/11772719221128145","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Extracellular vesicles (EV) released from neurons into the blood can reflect the state of nervous tissue. Measurement of neuron derived EV (NDE) may serve as an indicator of brain injury.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A sandwich immunoassay was established to measure plasma NDE using anti-neuron CD171 and anti-EV CD9 ([CD171 <sup>+</sup> CD9<sup>+</sup>]). Plasma samples were obtained from commercial sources, cross-country (n = 9), football (n = 22), soccer (n = 19), and rugby (n = 18) athletes over time. Plasma was also collected from patients undergoing total aortic arch replacement (TAR) with selective cerebral perfusion during cardiopulmonary bypass before and after surgery (n = 36).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The specificity, linearity, and reproducibility of NDE assay (measurement of [CD171 <sup>+</sup> CD9<sup>+</sup>]) were confirmed. By scanning electron microscopy and nanoparticle tracking, spherical vesicles ranging in size from 150 to 300 nm were confirmed. Plasma levels of NDE were widely spread over 2 to 3 logs in different individuals with a significant age-dependent decrease. However, NDE were very stable in each individual within <i>a</i> ± 50% change over time (cross-country, football, soccer), whereas rugby players were more variable over 4 years. In patients undergoing TAR, NDE increased rapidly in days post-surgery and were significantly (<i>P</i> = .0004) higher in those developing postoperative delirium (POD) (n = 13) than non-delirium patients (n = 23).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The blood test to determine plasma levels of NDE was established by a sandwich immunoassay using 2 antibodies against neuron (CD171) and exosomes (CD9). NDE levels varied widely in different individuals and decreased with age, indicating that NDE levels should be considered as a normalizer of NDE biomarker studies. However, NDE levels were stable over time in each individual, and increased rapidly after TAR with greater increases associated with patients developing POD. This assay may serve as a surrogate for evaluating and monitoring brain injuries.</p>","PeriodicalId":47060,"journal":{"name":"Biomarker Insights","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/0f/53/10.1177_11772719221128145.PMC9618756.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40662051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Behaviour of Serum Survivin in Patients With Lupus Nephritis. 狼疮性肾炎患者血清Survivin的变化。
IF 3.8 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-10-22 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/11772719221131470
Renata Valente Lisboa, Fabiola Reis de Oliveira, Thaise Oliveira Quaresma, Rafael Moura de Almeida, Rene Donizeti Ribeiro Oliveira, Paulo Louzada Junior

Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic, multi phenotypic, autoimmune inflammatory disease and renal involvement significantly worsens its prognosis. Apoptosis dysregulation plays a key pathogenic role. Survivin, a protein from the apoptosis inhibitors family, has been considered a promising strategy in cancer therapy and evaluated as one of the regulatory pathways in the scenario of immune-mediated disorders.

Objective: This study aims to explore survivin behaviour in SLE patients with lupus nephritis (LN), assessing its potential as a therapeutic and prognostic biomarker.

Methods: 297 SLE patients were classified based on the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 1997 criteria, from 2000 to 2015. In a cross-sectional study, the serum level of survivin was measured by an ELISA test and compared between 200 SLE individuals and healthy controls. In a longitudinal cohort, 97 patients with active LN had the concentration of survinin measured, before and after treatment with cyclophosphamide pulse therapy.

Results: The serum concentration of survivin was significantly lower in the SLE group than in healthy controls, regardless of concomitant NL or disease activity. The longitudinal evaluation revealed a significant reduction in survivin serum level after treatment. However, survivin rates were not able to discriminate groups that achieved remission from those that maintained nephritis activity.

Conclusion: Our study suggests that survivin levels in SLE patients are lower than in the general population. Even so, its use as a biomarker in SLE seems limited, not reflecting disease activity or response to LN treatment, as in other contexts.

背景:系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)是一种慢性、多表型、自身免疫性炎症性疾病,累及肾脏会显著恶化其预后。细胞凋亡失调在发病中起关键作用。Survivin是细胞凋亡抑制剂家族的一种蛋白,被认为是一种很有前途的癌症治疗策略,并被评估为免疫介导性疾病的调节途径之一。目的:本研究旨在探讨SLE合并狼疮肾炎(LN)患者的生存行为,评估其作为治疗和预后生物标志物的潜力。方法:根据美国风湿病学会(American College of Rheumatology, ACR) 1997标准对2000 - 2015年297例SLE患者进行分类。在一项横断面研究中,通过ELISA测试测定了200例SLE患者和健康对照者的血清survivin水平。在纵向队列中,97例活动性LN患者在环磷酰胺脉冲治疗前后测量了生存素浓度。结果:SLE组血清survivin浓度明显低于健康对照组,无论是否伴有NL或疾病活动。纵向评估显示治疗后血清survivin水平显著降低。然而,生存率不能区分获得缓解的组和维持肾炎活动的组。结论:我们的研究表明SLE患者的survivin水平低于一般人群。即便如此,它作为SLE生物标志物的用途似乎有限,不能像在其他情况下那样反映疾病活动性或对LN治疗的反应。
{"title":"The Behaviour of Serum Survivin in Patients With Lupus Nephritis.","authors":"Renata Valente Lisboa,&nbsp;Fabiola Reis de Oliveira,&nbsp;Thaise Oliveira Quaresma,&nbsp;Rafael Moura de Almeida,&nbsp;Rene Donizeti Ribeiro Oliveira,&nbsp;Paulo Louzada Junior","doi":"10.1177/11772719221131470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/11772719221131470","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic, multi phenotypic, autoimmune inflammatory disease and renal involvement significantly worsens its prognosis. Apoptosis dysregulation plays a key pathogenic role. Survivin, a protein from the apoptosis inhibitors family, has been considered a promising strategy in cancer therapy and evaluated as one of the regulatory pathways in the scenario of immune-mediated disorders.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to explore survivin behaviour in SLE patients with lupus nephritis (LN), assessing its potential as a therapeutic and prognostic biomarker.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>297 SLE patients were classified based on the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 1997 criteria, from 2000 to 2015. In a cross-sectional study, the serum level of survivin was measured by an ELISA test and compared between 200 SLE individuals and healthy controls. In a longitudinal cohort, 97 patients with active LN had the concentration of survinin measured, before and after treatment with cyclophosphamide pulse therapy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The serum concentration of survivin was significantly lower in the SLE group than in healthy controls, regardless of concomitant NL or disease activity. The longitudinal evaluation revealed a significant reduction in survivin serum level after treatment. However, survivin rates were not able to discriminate groups that achieved remission from those that maintained nephritis activity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study suggests that survivin levels in SLE patients are lower than in the general population. Even so, its use as a biomarker in SLE seems limited, not reflecting disease activity or response to LN treatment, as in other contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":47060,"journal":{"name":"Biomarker Insights","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/d0/ea/10.1177_11772719221131470.PMC9597205.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40656300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
FRailty and Arterial stiffness - the role of oXidative stress and Inflammation (FRAXI study). 虚弱和动脉僵硬-氧化应激和炎症的作用(FRAXI研究)。
IF 3.8 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-10-18 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/11772719221130719
Ekow Mensah, Khalid Ali, Winston Banya, Frances Ann Kirkham, Manuela Mengozzi, Pietro Ghezzi, Chakravarthi Rajkumar

Objective: There is an association between frailty and arterial stiffness. However, arterial stiffness does not uniformly correlate with the spectrum of frailty states. Both oxidative stress and inflammaging contribute to vascular ageing. There are no human studies exploring links between arterial stiffness, oxidative stress, inflammaging and frailty. Our objective is to investigate arterial stiffness and inflammaging as predictors of frailty states.

Methods: An observational longitudinal cohort study will be used to examine the association between arterial stiffness, oxidative stress and inflammation in 50 older adults (⩾70 years) with clinical frailty scores (CFS) ⩽6 over 6 months. All study measurements will be taken at baseline. Frailty assessment will include hand-grip strength, timed-up and go test, mini-mental state examination, geriatric depression scale and sarcopenia using body composition measurements with Tanita®. Arterial stiffness measurements will include carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) and carotid-radial pulse wave velocity (crPWV) using Complior (Alam Medical, France). CAVI device will measure Cardio-ankle vascular index and ankle brachial index (ABI). Oxidative stress blood markers nitrotyrosine (NT) and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosin (8-oxo-dG) and inflammation markers high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and interlukin-6(IL-6) will be measured at baseline and 6 month along with lipid profile and glycated haemoglobin.

Results data analysis plan: Descriptive statistics for continuous data using means and standard deviations for normality distributed variables or medians and inter-quartile ranges for skewed variables will be used. Participants will be categorised into CFS 1-3, and CFS 4-6. Categorical data will use frequencies and comparison between groups. Change in frailty between the groups over 6 months will be compared using paired t-test. Simple linear regression will be done between frailty measures, arterial stiffness, inflammation and oxidative stress biomarkers. Significance will be at P < .05.

Conclusion: This study data will inform a larger, multi-centre study exploring further the interplay between frailty, biomarkers and arterial stiffness parameters.

目的:虚弱与动脉僵硬之间存在关联。然而,动脉僵硬与虚弱状态的频谱并不一致相关。氧化应激和炎症都会导致血管老化。目前还没有人类研究探索动脉硬化、氧化应激、炎症和虚弱之间的联系。我们的目的是研究动脉僵硬和炎症作为虚弱状态的预测因子。方法:一项观察性纵向队列研究将用于检查50名临床虚弱评分(CFS)≥6个月的老年人(小于或等于70岁)动脉僵硬、氧化应激和炎症之间的关联。所有研究测量将在基线时进行。虚弱评估将包括手部握力、计时和go测试、迷你精神状态检查、老年抑郁量表和肌肉减少症,使用Tanita®进行身体成分测量。动脉刚度测量将包括颈动脉-股动脉脉波速度(cfPWV)和颈动脉-桡动脉脉波速度(crPWV),使用Complior(法国Alam Medical)。CAVI装置测量心踝血管指数和踝肱指数。氧化应激血液标志物硝基酪氨酸(NT)和8-羟基-2'-脱氧鸟苷(8-氧- dg)以及炎症标志物高敏c反应蛋白(hs-CRP)和白介素-6(IL-6)将在基线和6个月时与血脂和糖化血红蛋白一起测量。结果数据分析方案:对连续数据采用描述性统计,正态分布变量采用均值和标准差,偏态变量采用中位数和四分位间距。参与者将被分为CFS 1-3和CFS 4-6。分类数据将使用频率和组间比较。使用配对t检验比较6个月内各组间虚弱程度的变化。简单的线性回归将在虚弱测量,动脉僵硬,炎症和氧化应激生物标志物之间进行。P < 0.05为显著性。结论:这项研究数据将为更大的、多中心的研究提供信息,进一步探索虚弱、生物标志物和动脉硬度参数之间的相互作用。
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引用次数: 1
Serum ACE2 Level is Associated With Severe SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study. 血清ACE2水平与严重SARS-CoV-2感染相关:一项横断面观察研究
IF 3.8 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-09-21 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/11772719221125123
Amjad Bani Hani, Nafez Abu Tarboush, Mo'ath Bani Ali, Fahad Alabhoul, Fahad Alansari, Ahmad Abuhani, Mustafa Al-Kawak, Badea'a Shamoun, Suzan Albdour, Mahmoud Abu Abeeleh, Mamoun Ahram

Objectives: Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) represents the primary receptor for SARS-CoV-2 to enter endothelial cells, causing coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19). In this study, we investigate the association between circulating ACE2 levels with the severity of COVID-19.

Methods: Serum ACE2 levels were measured in 144 COVID-19-positive subjects at hospital admission, and 123 COVID-19-negative control subjects. The association between ACE2 and clinical outcomes was analyzed.

Results: About 144 COVID-19 patients and 123 healthy controls data were analyzed, the mean age of patients was 62 years and 50% of them were males. The mean age of the control group was 55 years and 63% were males. ACE-II level was measured and compared between COVID-19 patients and controls and revealed no significant differences (P > .05). ACE-II level was measured in COVID-19 patients and compared between different patient's subgroups, ACE II level was not dependent on gender, smoking, ACE intake, or comorbidities (P > .05), and was significantly correlated with cardiovascular diseases (CVS) (P-value = .046) ICU admission (P-value = .0007) and Death (P-value = .0082).

Conclusion: There was no significant difference between the COVID-19 and Control group, however, ACE2 serum level was significantly higher in patients with COVID-19 who were critically ill or non-survivors, its increased level is also associated with length of stay. Elevated ACE2 level is associated with the severity of COVID-19 disease, and it has the potential to be a predictor of the severity of the disease.

目的:血管紧张素转换酶2 (ACE2)是SARS-CoV-2进入内皮细胞导致2019年冠状病毒病(COVID-19)的主要受体。在这项研究中,我们调查了循环ACE2水平与COVID-19严重程度之间的关系。方法:测定144例新冠肺炎阳性患者入院时血清ACE2水平,123例新冠肺炎阴性对照。分析ACE2与临床结果的关系。结果:共分析新冠肺炎患者144例,健康对照123例,患者平均年龄62岁,男性占50%。对照组的平均年龄为55岁,63%为男性。检测并比较新冠肺炎患者与对照组之间ACE-II水平,差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。检测新冠肺炎患者的ACE-II水平并比较不同亚组患者之间的差异,ACE-II水平与性别、吸烟、ACE摄入、合并症无关(P > 0.05),与心血管疾病(CVS) (P值= 0.046)、ICU入院(P值= 0.0007)和死亡(P值= 0.0082)显著相关。结论:新冠肺炎患者血清ACE2水平与对照组比较差异无统计学意义,但危重患者和非存活患者血清ACE2水平明显升高,且与住院时间有关。ACE2水平升高与COVID-19疾病的严重程度相关,并且有可能成为疾病严重程度的预测指标。
{"title":"Serum ACE2 Level is Associated With Severe SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study.","authors":"Amjad Bani Hani,&nbsp;Nafez Abu Tarboush,&nbsp;Mo'ath Bani Ali,&nbsp;Fahad Alabhoul,&nbsp;Fahad Alansari,&nbsp;Ahmad Abuhani,&nbsp;Mustafa Al-Kawak,&nbsp;Badea'a Shamoun,&nbsp;Suzan Albdour,&nbsp;Mahmoud Abu Abeeleh,&nbsp;Mamoun Ahram","doi":"10.1177/11772719221125123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/11772719221125123","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) represents the primary receptor for SARS-CoV-2 to enter endothelial cells, causing coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19). In this study, we investigate the association between circulating ACE2 levels with the severity of COVID-19.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Serum ACE2 levels were measured in 144 COVID-19-positive subjects at hospital admission, and 123 COVID-19-negative control subjects. The association between ACE2 and clinical outcomes was analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>About 144 COVID-19 patients and 123 healthy controls data were analyzed, the mean age of patients was 62 years and 50% of them were males. The mean age of the control group was 55 years and 63% were males. ACE-II level was measured and compared between COVID-19 patients and controls and revealed no significant differences (<i>P</i> > .05). ACE-II level was measured in COVID-19 patients and compared between different patient's subgroups, ACE II level was not dependent on gender, smoking, ACE intake, or comorbidities (<i>P</i> > .05), and was significantly correlated with cardiovascular diseases (CVS) (<i>P</i>-value = .046) ICU admission (<i>P</i>-value = .0007) and Death (<i>P</i>-value = .0082).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There was no significant difference between the COVID-19 and Control group, however, ACE2 serum level was significantly higher in patients with COVID-19 who were critically ill or non-survivors, its increased level is also associated with length of stay. Elevated ACE2 level is associated with the severity of COVID-19 disease, and it has the potential to be a predictor of the severity of the disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":47060,"journal":{"name":"Biomarker Insights","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/61/e9/10.1177_11772719221125123.PMC9500304.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33481564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Measuring Some Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Autistic Syrian Children and Their Siblings: A Case-Control Study. 测量叙利亚自闭症儿童及其兄弟姐妹的一些氧化应激生物标志物:一项病例对照研究。
IF 3.8 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-09-12 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/11772719221123913
Oula Nasrallah, Samar Alzeer

Objective: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder whose cause remains unknown. Oxidative stress is one of the possible causes of many disorders, including neurological ones. This study aims to measure some oxidative stress biomarkers (Malondialdehyde "MDA," Advanced Oxidation Protein Product "AOPP," Glutathione "GSH") within Syrian children with ASD.

Methods: MDA, AOPP & GSH were measured in the plasma of a total of 60 children. The ages of the children ranged from 1 to 13 years old. Thirty children had ASD and were compared with 30 controls that don't have ASD. Fifteen of the controls were siblings of an ASD child, while the remaining 15 had no relations with ASD.

Results: MDA and AOPP plasma levels were higher in ASD children compared with non-related controls (P = .0001). However, there were no significant differences between MDA and AOPP plasma levels in ASD children in comparison with related controls (P > .05). Alternatively, GSH plasma levels were lower in ASD children compared with both related and non-related controls (P = .0001).

Conclusion: Further studies are needed to investigate more regarding the diagnostic use of oxidative stress biomarkers, and the therapeutic use of antioxidants in children affected with the autism spectrum disorder.

目的:自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)是一种常见的神经发育障碍,其病因尚不清楚。氧化应激是许多疾病的可能原因之一,包括神经系统疾病。本研究旨在测量叙利亚自闭症儿童的一些氧化应激生物标志物(丙二醛“MDA”,“高级氧化蛋白产物”AOPP,“谷胱甘肽”GSH)。方法:测定60例儿童血浆中丙二醛、AOPP、GSH的含量。孩子们的年龄从1岁到13岁不等。30名儿童患有自闭症,并与30名没有自闭症的对照组进行比较。对照组中有15人是ASD患儿的兄弟姐妹,而其余15人与ASD没有关系。结果:ASD患儿血浆中MDA和AOPP水平高于非相关对照组(P = 0.0001)。然而,与相关对照组相比,ASD患儿血浆MDA和AOPP水平差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。另外,与相关对照组和非相关对照组相比,ASD儿童血浆GSH水平均较低(P = 0.0001)。结论:需要进一步研究氧化应激生物标志物的诊断应用,以及抗氧化剂在自闭症谱系障碍儿童中的治疗应用。
{"title":"Measuring Some Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Autistic Syrian Children and Their Siblings: A Case-Control Study.","authors":"Oula Nasrallah,&nbsp;Samar Alzeer","doi":"10.1177/11772719221123913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/11772719221123913","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder whose cause remains unknown. Oxidative stress is one of the possible causes of many disorders, including neurological ones. This study aims to measure some oxidative stress biomarkers (Malondialdehyde \"MDA,\" Advanced Oxidation Protein Product \"AOPP,\" Glutathione \"GSH\") within Syrian children with ASD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>MDA, AOPP & GSH were measured in the plasma of a total of 60 children. The ages of the children ranged from 1 to 13 years old. Thirty children had ASD and were compared with 30 controls that don't have ASD. Fifteen of the controls were siblings of an ASD child, while the remaining 15 had no relations with ASD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MDA and AOPP plasma levels were higher in ASD children compared with non-related controls (<i>P</i> = .0001). However, there were no significant differences between MDA and AOPP plasma levels in ASD children in comparison with related controls (<i>P</i> > .05). Alternatively, GSH plasma levels were lower in ASD children compared with both related and non-related controls (<i>P</i> = .0001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Further studies are needed to investigate more regarding the diagnostic use of oxidative stress biomarkers, and the therapeutic use of antioxidants in children affected with the autism spectrum disorder.</p>","PeriodicalId":47060,"journal":{"name":"Biomarker Insights","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/fe/5c/10.1177_11772719221123913.PMC9476242.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40368002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
High Levels of the Carcinogenic Tobacco-Specific Nitrosamine NNAL and Associated Findings in Children of Smokers: A Case Series. 吸烟者子女体内高水平的致癌烟草特异性亚硝胺 NNAL 及其相关发现:病例系列。
IF 3.4 Q2 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2022-08-11 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/11772719221118868
E Melinda Mahabee-Gittens, Georg E Matt, Ashley L Merianos

High levels of NNAL, the tobacco smoke exposure (TSE) biomarker of the carcinogen 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), indicate future cancer risk. A prior study of smokers' children revealed NNAL levels as high as active smokers. Therefore, we conducted a case series to examine the sociodemographics, TSE and clinical patterns, and other TSE biomarker levels in 9 children with extreme NNAL levels of >200 pg/ml to generate hypotheses and explore potential causes and implications. We identified 0 to 4-year-olds who presented to an emergency setting and lived with ⩾1 smoker who were part of a parental tobacco cessation trial (n = 461). Of these children, 52 had urinary NNAL, cotinine, and N-oxides results (n = 52). Nine children (17.3%) had NNAL levels >200 pg/ml, ranging from 206.4 to 1399.0 pg/ml (Median (Mdn) = 489.2 pg/ml; Interquartile Range (IQR) = 222.7-1289.3 pg/ml). The cotinine Mdn (IQR) was 38.5 (10.3-102.2) ng/ml and the N-oxides Mdn (IQR) = 93.8 (24.7-109.6) pg/ml. While all biomarker levels were alarmingly high, these young children would not have been flagged for very high cancer risk based on urinary cotinine levels alone. This underscores the critical role of comprehensive TSE biomarker measurement in capturing different TSE exposure patterns and assessing children's future risk for cancer and other TSE-related morbidities.

NNAL是致癌物质4-(甲基亚硝基氨基)-1-(3-吡啶基)-1-丁酮(NNK)的烟草烟雾暴露(TSE)生物标志物,它的高水平预示着未来的癌症风险。此前一项针对吸烟者子女的研究显示,NNAL 水平与活跃吸烟者一样高。因此,我们进行了一项病例系列研究,检查了 9 名 NNAL 水平极高(>200 pg/ml)儿童的社会人口统计学特征、TSE 和临床模式以及其他 TSE 生物标志物水平,以提出假设并探索潜在的原因和影响。我们确定了在急诊环境中就诊的 0-4 岁儿童,他们与⩾1 名吸烟者生活在一起,并参加了父母戒烟试验(n = 461)。在这些儿童中,有52名儿童的尿液中出现了NNAL、可替宁和N-氧化物(n = 52)。9名儿童(17.3%)的NNAL水平大于200 pg/ml,从206.4到1399.0 pg/ml不等(中位数(Mdn)= 489.2 pg/ml;四分位间距(IQR)= 222.7-1289.3 pg/ml)。可替宁中位数(IQR)为 38.5(10.3-102.2)纳克/毫升,N-氧化物中位数(IQR)= 93.8(24.7-109.6)皮克/毫升。虽然所有生物标志物的水平都高得惊人,但仅凭尿液中的可替宁水平,这些年幼的儿童并不会被认为有很高的患癌风险。这强调了全面的 TSE 生物标志物测量在捕捉不同的 TSE 暴露模式和评估儿童未来患癌症和其他 TSE 相关疾病的风险方面的关键作用。
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引用次数: 0
Nephrotoxic Biomarkers with Specific Indications for Metallic Pollutants: Implications for Environmental Health. 具有金属污染物特定适应症的肾毒性生物标志物:对环境健康的影响。
IF 3.8 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-07-14 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/11772719221111882
István Pócsi, Mark E Dockrell, Robert G Price

Environmental and occupational exposure to heavy metals and metalloids is a major global health risk. The kidney is often a site of early damage. Nephrotoxicity is both a major consequence of heavy metal exposure and potentially an early warning of greater damage. A paradigm shift occurred at the beginning of the 21st century in the field of renal medicine. The medical model of kidney failure and treatment began to give way to a social model of risk factors and prevention with important implications for environmental health. This development threw into focus the need for better biomarkers: markers of exposure to known nephrotoxins; markers of early damage for diagnosis and prevention; markers of disease development for intervention and choice of therapy. Constituents of electronic waste, e-waste or e-pollution, such as cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), mercury (HG), arsenic (As) and silica (SiO2) are all potential nephrotoxins; they target the renal proximal tubules through distinct pathways. Different nephrotoxic biomarkers offer the possibility of identifying exposure to individual pollutants. In this review, a selection of prominent urinary markers of tubule damage is considered as potential tools for identifying environmental exposure to some key metallic pollutants.

环境和职业接触重金属和类金属是一项重大的全球健康风险。肾脏通常是早期受损的部位。肾毒性既是重金属暴露的主要后果,也是潜在的更大损害的早期预警。21世纪初,肾脏医学领域发生了范式转变。肾衰竭的医学模式和治疗开始让位于危险因素和预防的社会模式,对环境健康具有重要影响。这一发展突出了对更好的生物标志物的需求:暴露于已知肾毒素的标志物;诊断和预防早期损伤的标志物;疾病发展的标志物干预和治疗的选择。电子垃圾、电子垃圾或电子污染的成分,如镉(Cd)、铅(Pb)、汞(HG)、砷(as)和二氧化硅(SiO2)都是潜在的肾毒素;它们通过不同的途径靶向肾近端小管。不同的肾毒性生物标志物提供了识别暴露于单个污染物的可能性。在这篇综述中,选择尿小管损伤的突出标记被认为是识别环境暴露于一些关键金属污染物的潜在工具。
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引用次数: 14
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Biomarker Insights
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