Background and aims: In recent years, public confidence in vaccines has been decreasing. This study was conducted aiming at explaining the challenges of accepting the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) vaccination by students. Methods: This study is a qualitative content analysis. The samples were students who did not intend to get vaccinated against COVID-19. The applied data collection method was a semi-structured interview. Sampling continued until reaching data saturation. To analyze the data, first, the interviews were recorded and typed word by word. Then, they were entered into the MaxQ-10 software. Results: Two main categories of individual barriers emerged from data analysis. The first category included false wrong peace of mind after vaccination, lack of belief in the effectiveness of the vaccine, fear of the vaccine and its side effects, infection with the coronavirus, a tendency to show the insignificance of the disease, and exacerbation of the symptoms of COVID-19 in the case of vaccination. The other individual barriers were the contraction of COVID-19 in the case of vaccination and beliefs in more effects of preventive methods as compared to vaccination. The second category contained collective barriers such as not having proper information regarding the media, considering the political nature of vaccination, waiting for access to vaccines made in Iran, and preventing the family from vaccination. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, to increase the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination, there is a need to remove internal and external barriers through various methods such as providing the community with accurate and timely information through the mass media and facilitating people’s access to various vaccines, especially Iran-made vaccine.
{"title":"Challenges of Accepting COVID-19 Vaccination Among Paramedical Students: A Qualitative Study","authors":"Fatemeh Sookhak, Zahra Seifi, Mohammad-Rafi Bazrafshan","doi":"10.34172/ehsj.2023.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ehsj.2023.13","url":null,"abstract":"Background and aims: In recent years, public confidence in vaccines has been decreasing. This study was conducted aiming at explaining the challenges of accepting the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) vaccination by students. Methods: This study is a qualitative content analysis. The samples were students who did not intend to get vaccinated against COVID-19. The applied data collection method was a semi-structured interview. Sampling continued until reaching data saturation. To analyze the data, first, the interviews were recorded and typed word by word. Then, they were entered into the MaxQ-10 software. Results: Two main categories of individual barriers emerged from data analysis. The first category included false wrong peace of mind after vaccination, lack of belief in the effectiveness of the vaccine, fear of the vaccine and its side effects, infection with the coronavirus, a tendency to show the insignificance of the disease, and exacerbation of the symptoms of COVID-19 in the case of vaccination. The other individual barriers were the contraction of COVID-19 in the case of vaccination and beliefs in more effects of preventive methods as compared to vaccination. The second category contained collective barriers such as not having proper information regarding the media, considering the political nature of vaccination, waiting for access to vaccines made in Iran, and preventing the family from vaccination. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, to increase the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination, there is a need to remove internal and external barriers through various methods such as providing the community with accurate and timely information through the mass media and facilitating people’s access to various vaccines, especially Iran-made vaccine.","PeriodicalId":470613,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Health System Journal","volume":"74 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135050659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohsen Naderi Beni, Mansour Sharifi, Jafar Kord Zanganeh
Background and aims: The fertility trend in Isfahan, as in other parts of the country, has decreased significantly in recent years. This study aimed to investigate the parity progression ratio (PPR) and factors affecting fertility. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study that was conducted using a researcher-made questionnaire. Moreover, the study method was a survey, and the sample size included 662 married women aged 15 to 49 years. The study also employed a multi-stage cluster sampling method. Results: The results revealed that the cumulative fertility rate ((CFR=1.5) has decreased in Isfahan. There was also a significant relationship between the number of children with abortion (P=0.001), education (P=0.000), and employment of women (P=0.02). The results of multivariate regression with the control of women’s job type also indicated that the variables of the age of marriage and literacy of women (r=0.355, P<0.05) in householders, age of marriage (r=0.286, P=0.00) in unemployed, and literacy of women (r=0.336, P=0.016) in employed women have the highest explanation in childbearing. Conclusion: To increase fertility and childbearing, more attention should be paid to economic issues, inflation reduction, and employment rise so that we can witness an increase in marriage, followed by childbearing to the level of succession. The best way to maintain the level of substitution is the full and comprehensive implementation of population policies and the implementation of adaptive policies appropriate to the level of fertility.
{"title":"Parity Progression Ratio Dynamics, Determinants, and Policy Approaches: A Study in Isfahan in 2020","authors":"Mohsen Naderi Beni, Mansour Sharifi, Jafar Kord Zanganeh","doi":"10.34172/ehsj.2023.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ehsj.2023.12","url":null,"abstract":"Background and aims: The fertility trend in Isfahan, as in other parts of the country, has decreased significantly in recent years. This study aimed to investigate the parity progression ratio (PPR) and factors affecting fertility. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study that was conducted using a researcher-made questionnaire. Moreover, the study method was a survey, and the sample size included 662 married women aged 15 to 49 years. The study also employed a multi-stage cluster sampling method. Results: The results revealed that the cumulative fertility rate ((CFR=1.5) has decreased in Isfahan. There was also a significant relationship between the number of children with abortion (P=0.001), education (P=0.000), and employment of women (P=0.02). The results of multivariate regression with the control of women’s job type also indicated that the variables of the age of marriage and literacy of women (r=0.355, P<0.05) in householders, age of marriage (r=0.286, P=0.00) in unemployed, and literacy of women (r=0.336, P=0.016) in employed women have the highest explanation in childbearing. Conclusion: To increase fertility and childbearing, more attention should be paid to economic issues, inflation reduction, and employment rise so that we can witness an increase in marriage, followed by childbearing to the level of succession. The best way to maintain the level of substitution is the full and comprehensive implementation of population policies and the implementation of adaptive policies appropriate to the level of fertility.","PeriodicalId":470613,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Health System Journal","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135270314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and aims: Concomitant carotid artery disease (CaAD) in patients referred to coronary surgical revascularization is a strong hazard to perioperative stroke. The current study addressed the epidemiology features of concomitant CaAD in patients referred to a coronary surgical revascularization center. Methods: This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on all incoming patients to coronary surgical revascularization for two years at a single center who underwent a color duplex-sonography (CDS) interrogation. The demographic, clinical, echocardiographic, coronary angiographic, and color duplex-sonographic data were collected from patients’ medical records. Quantitative and qualitative data were expressed as means and standard deviations, as well as numbers and percentages, respectively. The relationships between quantitative and qualitative variables were investigated using Pearson’s correlation and chi-square test, respectively. Results: In total, 430 patients with a mean age of 66.3±9.9 years were included (35% females) in the study. Preoperative CDS was performed on 82% of patients; in addition, 29% of them presented with an increased intima-media ratio, and CtAD was observed in 51%. Based on the results, 77 and 143 patients were detected with unilateral and bilateral involvement, respectively. Severe carotid stenosis accounted for 4% of patients. Age older than 65 years (P=0.02), unstable angina (P=0.045), and the presence of an occluded coronary artery (P=0.002) were associated with the presence of CtAD. Finally, the severity of the left and right carotid stenosis was associated with diabetes mellitus (P<0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of concomitant CtAD in patients referred to coronary surgical revascularization remains high. The current data warn of the necessity of performing preoperative CDS routinely.
{"title":"Epidemiological Aspects of the Carotid Artery Disease in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: A Cross-sectional Study","authors":"Mehran Dastanpoor, Arsalan Khaledifar, Mathias Hossein Aazami, Elham Raeisi, Abdolmajid Taheri","doi":"10.34172/ehsj.2023.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ehsj.2023.09","url":null,"abstract":"Background and aims: Concomitant carotid artery disease (CaAD) in patients referred to coronary surgical revascularization is a strong hazard to perioperative stroke. The current study addressed the epidemiology features of concomitant CaAD in patients referred to a coronary surgical revascularization center. Methods: This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on all incoming patients to coronary surgical revascularization for two years at a single center who underwent a color duplex-sonography (CDS) interrogation. The demographic, clinical, echocardiographic, coronary angiographic, and color duplex-sonographic data were collected from patients’ medical records. Quantitative and qualitative data were expressed as means and standard deviations, as well as numbers and percentages, respectively. The relationships between quantitative and qualitative variables were investigated using Pearson’s correlation and chi-square test, respectively. Results: In total, 430 patients with a mean age of 66.3±9.9 years were included (35% females) in the study. Preoperative CDS was performed on 82% of patients; in addition, 29% of them presented with an increased intima-media ratio, and CtAD was observed in 51%. Based on the results, 77 and 143 patients were detected with unilateral and bilateral involvement, respectively. Severe carotid stenosis accounted for 4% of patients. Age older than 65 years (P=0.02), unstable angina (P=0.045), and the presence of an occluded coronary artery (P=0.002) were associated with the presence of CtAD. Finally, the severity of the left and right carotid stenosis was associated with diabetes mellitus (P<0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of concomitant CtAD in patients referred to coronary surgical revascularization remains high. The current data warn of the necessity of performing preoperative CDS routinely.","PeriodicalId":470613,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Health System Journal","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135564139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and aims: The emergence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become one of the greatest health problems of the 21st century. The current study was conducted to investigate COVID-19’s clinical manifestation, mortality factors, and their association with each other during the three devastating waves of the pandemic in Razavi-Khorasan province, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional epidemiological population-based study was performed in Razavi-Khorasan province, Iran from January 21, 2020, to March 20, 2021. The data, including demographic characteristics and clinical presentations of the patients, were extracted from the Medical Care Monitoring System (MCMS), disease management portal in the Deputy of Health and hospital information system (HIS) of the medical universities/faculties of the province. Results: Overall, 80499 patients were admitted to all hospitals of Khorasan-Razavi with the laboratory/ clinical COVID-19 confirmed disease. The male-to-female ratio and the mean age of our COVID-19 individuals were 1.10:1 and 55.67±23.27, respectively. The most frequently reported presenting symptoms in histories provided at the admission time were respiratory distress (58.2%), fever (36.7%), and cough (34.9%), while the less common ones were abdominal pain (2.7%) and alternation in smell/ taste (0.9%). Male gender (odds ratio [OR]=1.32, P<0.001), age over 60 (OR=2.59, P<0.001), and presence of at least one comorbidity (OR=1.32, P<0.001) were significantly associated with higher mortality rates. Conclusion: Healthcare providers and public health managers can benefit from the findings of this study to detect and emphasize patients with poor prognoses.
{"title":"Clinical Manifestations and Associated Mortality Factors of COVID-19: A Large Population-Based Study in the Northeast of Iran During 2020-2021","authors":"Mohammadtaghi Shakeri, Amir Ali Moodi Ghalibaf, Masood Ghodsi-Moghadam, Ghazaleh Ghorbannezhad, Seyyed Parham Ahmadi, Setareh Mashahiri, Seyed Masoud Sadati, Samaneh Abolbashari, Maryam Salari","doi":"10.34172/ehsj.2023.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ehsj.2023.05","url":null,"abstract":"Background and aims: The emergence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become one of the greatest health problems of the 21st century. The current study was conducted to investigate COVID-19’s clinical manifestation, mortality factors, and their association with each other during the three devastating waves of the pandemic in Razavi-Khorasan province, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional epidemiological population-based study was performed in Razavi-Khorasan province, Iran from January 21, 2020, to March 20, 2021. The data, including demographic characteristics and clinical presentations of the patients, were extracted from the Medical Care Monitoring System (MCMS), disease management portal in the Deputy of Health and hospital information system (HIS) of the medical universities/faculties of the province. Results: Overall, 80499 patients were admitted to all hospitals of Khorasan-Razavi with the laboratory/ clinical COVID-19 confirmed disease. The male-to-female ratio and the mean age of our COVID-19 individuals were 1.10:1 and 55.67±23.27, respectively. The most frequently reported presenting symptoms in histories provided at the admission time were respiratory distress (58.2%), fever (36.7%), and cough (34.9%), while the less common ones were abdominal pain (2.7%) and alternation in smell/ taste (0.9%). Male gender (odds ratio [OR]=1.32, P<0.001), age over 60 (OR=2.59, P<0.001), and presence of at least one comorbidity (OR=1.32, P<0.001) were significantly associated with higher mortality rates. Conclusion: Healthcare providers and public health managers can benefit from the findings of this study to detect and emphasize patients with poor prognoses.","PeriodicalId":470613,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Health System Journal","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135564142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and aims: The lack of reliable data on mortality in Iran until the last few decades has caused the early stages of the epidemiological transition to remain unknown. As such, the current study was an attempt to examine the stages and timing of the epidemiological transition in Iran in a historical effort. Methods: This study is descriptive-analytical, and its data and information have been collected using the library method. Results: The historical course of the emergence of epidemics in Iran after Islam to before the Islamic Revolution is divided into four periods: (1) The period after Islam to the Safavid period (650-1501 AD): The era of plague and famine, (2) Safavid to Qajar period (1501-1796 AD): The era of continued widespread outbreaks and intermittent occurrence of plague, (3) Qajar period (1796-1925 AD): The era of subsidence of the plague and widespread cholera, and finally (4) Pahlavi period (1925-1979 AD): The era of the decline of epidemic diseases. Conclusion: The continuous and substantial reduction in deaths led simultaneously to a reduction in the incidence and scope of epidemics and an increase in chronic diseases, and this process is expected to accelerate in the future.
{"title":"Epidemiological Transition in Iran: The Rise and Fall of Epidemics in Iran After Islam to Before the Islamic Revolution","authors":"Mohammad Sasanipour, Mahyar Mohebi Meymandi","doi":"10.34172/ehsj.2023.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ehsj.2023.16","url":null,"abstract":"Background and aims: The lack of reliable data on mortality in Iran until the last few decades has caused the early stages of the epidemiological transition to remain unknown. As such, the current study was an attempt to examine the stages and timing of the epidemiological transition in Iran in a historical effort. Methods: This study is descriptive-analytical, and its data and information have been collected using the library method. Results: The historical course of the emergence of epidemics in Iran after Islam to before the Islamic Revolution is divided into four periods: (1) The period after Islam to the Safavid period (650-1501 AD): The era of plague and famine, (2) Safavid to Qajar period (1501-1796 AD): The era of continued widespread outbreaks and intermittent occurrence of plague, (3) Qajar period (1796-1925 AD): The era of subsidence of the plague and widespread cholera, and finally (4) Pahlavi period (1925-1979 AD): The era of the decline of epidemic diseases. Conclusion: The continuous and substantial reduction in deaths led simultaneously to a reduction in the incidence and scope of epidemics and an increase in chronic diseases, and this process is expected to accelerate in the future.","PeriodicalId":470613,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Health System Journal","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135972295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sajad Bagherian, Khodayar Ghasempoor, Julien S. Baker
Background and aims: Current lifestyles, with the growing use of contemporary technologies, have resulted in changes in people’s behavior, causing them to become increasingly sedentary and develop unhealthy body habits. Posture is an essential variable determining an individual’s physical and emotional well-being. The purpose of this study was to investigate postural habits and any related joint and muscle pain among school-aged students. Methods: An online questionnaire was utilized to measure participants’ postural habits and related joint and muscle pain. The questionnaire was completed by 43660 school-aged students (15532 boys and 28128 girls in the age range of 8-17 years) by a non-randomized convenient sampling method through Google Forms via social media on the schools’ platform in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, Iran, in the middle of 2022. The questionnaire inquired about body postural patterns and any associated joint or muscle pain. Results: The majority of participants (77%) reported spending most of their time in the sitting position. Overall, 57% of the students reported that they did not maintain the correct posture during their daily activities. The majority of respondents (54%) reported feeling some joint or muscle pain. The greatest pain was reported in the neck (28%), upper back (14%), and lower back (13%). Conclusion: The findings indicated that schools and the medical profession may need to screen students for health risks such as poor postural status. Further, information related to bad posture should be provided to children, their families, and healthcare professionals to take care of them.
{"title":"Postural Habits and Related Joint and Muscle Pain Among School-age Students: A Cross-sectional Study","authors":"Sajad Bagherian, Khodayar Ghasempoor, Julien S. Baker","doi":"10.34172/ehsj.2023.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ehsj.2023.11","url":null,"abstract":"Background and aims: Current lifestyles, with the growing use of contemporary technologies, have resulted in changes in people’s behavior, causing them to become increasingly sedentary and develop unhealthy body habits. Posture is an essential variable determining an individual’s physical and emotional well-being. The purpose of this study was to investigate postural habits and any related joint and muscle pain among school-aged students. Methods: An online questionnaire was utilized to measure participants’ postural habits and related joint and muscle pain. The questionnaire was completed by 43660 school-aged students (15532 boys and 28128 girls in the age range of 8-17 years) by a non-randomized convenient sampling method through Google Forms via social media on the schools’ platform in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, Iran, in the middle of 2022. The questionnaire inquired about body postural patterns and any associated joint or muscle pain. Results: The majority of participants (77%) reported spending most of their time in the sitting position. Overall, 57% of the students reported that they did not maintain the correct posture during their daily activities. The majority of respondents (54%) reported feeling some joint or muscle pain. The greatest pain was reported in the neck (28%), upper back (14%), and lower back (13%). Conclusion: The findings indicated that schools and the medical profession may need to screen students for health risks such as poor postural status. Further, information related to bad posture should be provided to children, their families, and healthcare professionals to take care of them.","PeriodicalId":470613,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Health System Journal","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135972298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and aims: Usually non-daily smokers do not consider themselves smokers, and they are at a higher level of health risks due to smoking compared to non-smokers. This study aimed to identify the prevalence of non-daily smoking (NDS) and its associated factors among university students. Methods: This cross-sectional web-based study was performed in Tabriz, Iran. A proportional random sample of 3666 students from all universities of Tabriz were recruited from July to August, 2019, and an online questionnaire was used to collect data. Predictors of NDS were investigated using a multiple logistic regression model. Results: A total of 15.7% and 7.8% of the students were daily and NDSs, respectively. Compared to the non-smokers, the NDSs were more likely to exhibit high-risk behaviors such as substance abuse (odd ratio [OR]=2.96; 95% CI: 2.12-4.13), alcohol drinking (OR=2.54; 95% CI: 1.78-3.62), hookah smoking experience (OR=9.30; 95% CI: 6.06-14.25), and regular hookah use (OR=24.22; 95% CI: 14.86-39.46). Compared to daily smokers, NDSs were more likely to be female gender (OR=0.16; 95% CI: 0.10-0.24), denial of being a smoker (OR=11.69; 95% CI: 6.86-19.91), not addicted to nicotine (OR=10.02; 95% CI: 4.21-23.85), and less likely to have an intention for quitting in recent months (OR=2.27; 95% CI: 1.28-4.04). Conclusion: Non-daily smokers do not consider themselves smokers and have no intention to quit smoking. They are more prone to present high-risk health behaviors. Health policymakers should pay more attention to NDSs while planning smoking cessation programs.
{"title":"Prevalence and Determinants of Non-daily Smoking Among Iranian University Students: A Web-based Survey","authors":"Farhad Shekari, Asghar Mohammadpoorasl, Haidar Nadrian, Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi, Hossein Akbari","doi":"10.34172/ehsj.2023.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ehsj.2023.10","url":null,"abstract":"Background and aims: Usually non-daily smokers do not consider themselves smokers, and they are at a higher level of health risks due to smoking compared to non-smokers. This study aimed to identify the prevalence of non-daily smoking (NDS) and its associated factors among university students. Methods: This cross-sectional web-based study was performed in Tabriz, Iran. A proportional random sample of 3666 students from all universities of Tabriz were recruited from July to August, 2019, and an online questionnaire was used to collect data. Predictors of NDS were investigated using a multiple logistic regression model. Results: A total of 15.7% and 7.8% of the students were daily and NDSs, respectively. Compared to the non-smokers, the NDSs were more likely to exhibit high-risk behaviors such as substance abuse (odd ratio [OR]=2.96; 95% CI: 2.12-4.13), alcohol drinking (OR=2.54; 95% CI: 1.78-3.62), hookah smoking experience (OR=9.30; 95% CI: 6.06-14.25), and regular hookah use (OR=24.22; 95% CI: 14.86-39.46). Compared to daily smokers, NDSs were more likely to be female gender (OR=0.16; 95% CI: 0.10-0.24), denial of being a smoker (OR=11.69; 95% CI: 6.86-19.91), not addicted to nicotine (OR=10.02; 95% CI: 4.21-23.85), and less likely to have an intention for quitting in recent months (OR=2.27; 95% CI: 1.28-4.04). Conclusion: Non-daily smokers do not consider themselves smokers and have no intention to quit smoking. They are more prone to present high-risk health behaviors. Health policymakers should pay more attention to NDSs while planning smoking cessation programs.","PeriodicalId":470613,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Health System Journal","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135693452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and aims: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of morbid thoughts and suicide attempts as well as their relationship with perceived health status, quality of life, and happiness in five low-middle-income countries. Methods: Data on 3373 men and women aged 40 years and above were collected from the World Health Organization’s (WHO’s) study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE) survey on five countries: China (830), Ghana (438), India (1602), Russia (175), and South Africa (830). Outcome variables were morbid thoughts and suicide attempts, and the main explanatory variables were health status, quality of life, and happiness. Results: The findings indicated that among the five countries, India had the highest prevalence of both morbid thoughts 79.5% (95% CI: 73.4-84.5) and suicide attempts 75.4% (95% CI: 61.0-85.7), while Ghana had the lowest prevalence of both morbid thoughts 1.9% (95% CI: 1.3-2.7) and suicide attempts 2.5% (95% CI: 1.1-5.5). Furthermore, regression analysis revealed a significant association between perceived health, quality of life, and happiness with morbid thoughts and suicide attempts. However, the association between perceived health and happiness was significant only among women. Men and women reporting dissatisfaction with the quality of life had 1.521 times (95% CI: 1.126-2.056) and 1.762 times (95% CI: 1.406-2.209) higher odds of morbid thoughts compared with those who reported satisfaction with the quality of life. Conclusion: Perceived poor health, quality of life, and happiness are significantly associated with higher odds of morbid thoughts of suicidal ideation, especially among women. In line with the past findings, these findings support the importance of focusing on these perceived constructs of health and life for mental health promotion and suicide prevention programs.
{"title":"Association of Perceived Health, Happiness, and Quality of Life With Morbid Thoughts and Suicide Ideation: Evidence From the Study on Global AGEing and Adult Health","authors":"Bishwajit Ghose, Ruoxi Wang, Josephine Etowa","doi":"10.34172/ehsj.2023.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ehsj.2023.01","url":null,"abstract":"Background and aims: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of morbid thoughts and suicide attempts as well as their relationship with perceived health status, quality of life, and happiness in five low-middle-income countries. Methods: Data on 3373 men and women aged 40 years and above were collected from the World Health Organization’s (WHO’s) study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE) survey on five countries: China (830), Ghana (438), India (1602), Russia (175), and South Africa (830). Outcome variables were morbid thoughts and suicide attempts, and the main explanatory variables were health status, quality of life, and happiness. Results: The findings indicated that among the five countries, India had the highest prevalence of both morbid thoughts 79.5% (95% CI: 73.4-84.5) and suicide attempts 75.4% (95% CI: 61.0-85.7), while Ghana had the lowest prevalence of both morbid thoughts 1.9% (95% CI: 1.3-2.7) and suicide attempts 2.5% (95% CI: 1.1-5.5). Furthermore, regression analysis revealed a significant association between perceived health, quality of life, and happiness with morbid thoughts and suicide attempts. However, the association between perceived health and happiness was significant only among women. Men and women reporting dissatisfaction with the quality of life had 1.521 times (95% CI: 1.126-2.056) and 1.762 times (95% CI: 1.406-2.209) higher odds of morbid thoughts compared with those who reported satisfaction with the quality of life. Conclusion: Perceived poor health, quality of life, and happiness are significantly associated with higher odds of morbid thoughts of suicidal ideation, especially among women. In line with the past findings, these findings support the importance of focusing on these perceived constructs of health and life for mental health promotion and suicide prevention programs.","PeriodicalId":470613,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Health System Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135464079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Karamali Kasiri, Hassan Talakesh, Fatemeh Deris, Sare Mohamadi
Background and aims: Due to the multi-factoriality of chronic abdominal pain (CAP) in children, this study aimed to assess the main etiologies for CAP in children and its main determinants in a sample of the community of affected children living in Shahrekord, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 400 children aged 3-14 years who were referred to a referral clinic in Shahrekord, Iran in 2022. Abdominal pain at least 3 times in 3 months, which disrupted daily activities, was the criterion for entering the study. A checklist was prospectively fulfilled by interviewing to assess different aimed data. Results: The majority of children complained of periumbilical pain as the main site of chronic pain, and other pain points were much less common. The main characteristics that provided grounds for suspecting this type of pain included right abdominal pain without clear justification, growth disorder, and severe vomiting. The most common definitive diagnosis was functional constipation, followed by chronic gastritis and fecal impaction. Conclusion: The occurrence of periumbilical pain, along with the occurrence of severe and frequent vomiting and growth failure can be considered diagnostic markers triad when suspecting the occurrence of CAP. The most common etiologies for such pains included functional constipation, chronic gastritis, and fecal impaction.
{"title":"Epidemiological, Clinical, and Diagnostic Aspects of Chronic Abdominal Pain in Children: A Study in Shahrekord, Iran","authors":"Karamali Kasiri, Hassan Talakesh, Fatemeh Deris, Sare Mohamadi","doi":"10.34172/ehsj.2023.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ehsj.2023.06","url":null,"abstract":"Background and aims: Due to the multi-factoriality of chronic abdominal pain (CAP) in children, this study aimed to assess the main etiologies for CAP in children and its main determinants in a sample of the community of affected children living in Shahrekord, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 400 children aged 3-14 years who were referred to a referral clinic in Shahrekord, Iran in 2022. Abdominal pain at least 3 times in 3 months, which disrupted daily activities, was the criterion for entering the study. A checklist was prospectively fulfilled by interviewing to assess different aimed data. Results: The majority of children complained of periumbilical pain as the main site of chronic pain, and other pain points were much less common. The main characteristics that provided grounds for suspecting this type of pain included right abdominal pain without clear justification, growth disorder, and severe vomiting. The most common definitive diagnosis was functional constipation, followed by chronic gastritis and fecal impaction. Conclusion: The occurrence of periumbilical pain, along with the occurrence of severe and frequent vomiting and growth failure can be considered diagnostic markers triad when suspecting the occurrence of CAP. The most common etiologies for such pains included functional constipation, chronic gastritis, and fecal impaction.","PeriodicalId":470613,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Health System Journal","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135777916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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