Rohollah Fallah Madvari, Mohadeseh Bagheshahi, Reyhane Sefidkar, Ali Dehghani Ahmad Abad, Mahdi Jafari Nodoushan, Alireza Fallah Madvari
Background and aims: During the COVID-19 pandemic, nursing was known as a stressful occupation. This high work pressure and stress can make nurses susceptible to psychological consequences. The state of mental health of nurses can be effectively related to their job performance. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between COVID-19 anxiety, psychological distress, and general decision-making styles in nurses. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in a selected hospital in Yazd province in 2022. An available sampling method was used in this research, and 100 nurses were included in the study. Corona Disease Anxiety Scale, Kessler’s Questionnaire (K10), and Scott, and Bruce’s decision-making styles questionnaire were employed to collect data. The obtained data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney and correlation test in SPSS-24. Results: Based on the results, a positive relationship was found between COVID-19 anxiety and psychological distress (P=0.05, r=0.19). In this study, a positive correlation was observed between COVID-19 anxiety in nurses and spontaneous (P=0.008) and dependent (P<0.001) decision-making styles. Eventually, psychological distress was significantly correlated with avoidant (P=0.005) and dependent (P=0.005) decision-making styles. Conclusion: Considering the importance of mental health and nurses’ job performance, it is recommended that measures should be taken to reduce anxiety and improve their mental health. Holding mental health training workshops and increasing social and organizational support can also be effective in this regard.
{"title":"Association Between COVID-19 Anxiety, Psychological Distress, and Decision-making Styles in Nurses of a Selected Hospital in Yazd Province, Iran","authors":"Rohollah Fallah Madvari, Mohadeseh Bagheshahi, Reyhane Sefidkar, Ali Dehghani Ahmad Abad, Mahdi Jafari Nodoushan, Alireza Fallah Madvari","doi":"10.34172/ehsj.2023.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ehsj.2023.18","url":null,"abstract":"Background and aims: During the COVID-19 pandemic, nursing was known as a stressful occupation. This high work pressure and stress can make nurses susceptible to psychological consequences. The state of mental health of nurses can be effectively related to their job performance. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between COVID-19 anxiety, psychological distress, and general decision-making styles in nurses. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in a selected hospital in Yazd province in 2022. An available sampling method was used in this research, and 100 nurses were included in the study. Corona Disease Anxiety Scale, Kessler’s Questionnaire (K10), and Scott, and Bruce’s decision-making styles questionnaire were employed to collect data. The obtained data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney and correlation test in SPSS-24. Results: Based on the results, a positive relationship was found between COVID-19 anxiety and psychological distress (P=0.05, r=0.19). In this study, a positive correlation was observed between COVID-19 anxiety in nurses and spontaneous (P=0.008) and dependent (P<0.001) decision-making styles. Eventually, psychological distress was significantly correlated with avoidant (P=0.005) and dependent (P=0.005) decision-making styles. Conclusion: Considering the importance of mental health and nurses’ job performance, it is recommended that measures should be taken to reduce anxiety and improve their mental health. Holding mental health training workshops and increasing social and organizational support can also be effective in this regard.","PeriodicalId":470613,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Health System Journal","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135297070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and aims: Using anti-septic and personal protective equipment (PPE) may cause contact dermatitis (CD) in hospital staff. During COVID-19, the team used PPE and hand washing more frequently. This study investigated the prevalence of CD and its related factors among hospital staff during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Overall, 360 participants were selected by proportion sampling from an Isfahan University-affiliated hospital (Alzahra hospital) between 2019 and 2021. A checklist about demographic and workplace variables, skin signs, and symptoms was distributed to samples. We assessed associations between the frequencies of the worksite and cleaning product exposures and a symptom-based definition of CD among current hospital workers. Results: The prevalence of hand dermatitis in participants and their mean age were 84% and 35.7±8.6 years, respectively. In addition, the most reported symptoms were itching (147, 40%) and redness of the hand (141, 39%). Using gloves, especially latex and vinyl gloves, had a significant association with the incidence of CD (P<0.03). The frequency and time of hand washing had no significant relationship with dermatitis (P>0.05). Conclusion: Setting up preventive actions and managing this condition are better to be influential among the policies of hospital managers given the high prevalence of CD among hospital workers.
{"title":"Dermatological Complaints of Contact Dermatitis During the COVID-19 Pandemic (2019-2021) Among Healthcare Workers of an Isfahan University-Affiliated Hospital, Iran","authors":"Aram Eini, Alireza Safaeian","doi":"10.34172/ehsj.2023.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ehsj.2023.23","url":null,"abstract":"Background and aims: Using anti-septic and personal protective equipment (PPE) may cause contact dermatitis (CD) in hospital staff. During COVID-19, the team used PPE and hand washing more frequently. This study investigated the prevalence of CD and its related factors among hospital staff during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Overall, 360 participants were selected by proportion sampling from an Isfahan University-affiliated hospital (Alzahra hospital) between 2019 and 2021. A checklist about demographic and workplace variables, skin signs, and symptoms was distributed to samples. We assessed associations between the frequencies of the worksite and cleaning product exposures and a symptom-based definition of CD among current hospital workers. Results: The prevalence of hand dermatitis in participants and their mean age were 84% and 35.7±8.6 years, respectively. In addition, the most reported symptoms were itching (147, 40%) and redness of the hand (141, 39%). Using gloves, especially latex and vinyl gloves, had a significant association with the incidence of CD (P<0.03). The frequency and time of hand washing had no significant relationship with dermatitis (P>0.05). Conclusion: Setting up preventive actions and managing this condition are better to be influential among the policies of hospital managers given the high prevalence of CD among hospital workers.","PeriodicalId":470613,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Health System Journal","volume":"2016 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135297076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seyed Mehdi Pourafzali, Aida Amiripour, Mohammad Ali Dayani, Afsaneh Malekpour, Parna Alikhani, Abdolrahim Sanei
Background and aims: This study investigated the prevalence of pathological lesions on the computed tomography (CT) scans of the brains of patients with mild head trauma based on the New Orleans-Canadian criteria at Shahrekord Ayatollah Kashani Hospital, Iran. Methods: All patients referred to the Emergency Department of Shahrekord Ayatollah Kashani Hospital in 2019 with a history of head trauma were included in this cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical study according to the criteria of mild head trauma. Then, the relevant checklist was used to record the patients’ level of consciousness, demographic information, and cause of trauma. Finally, the data were analyzed using SPSS 18, and the patient’s lesions were reported accordingly. Results: Out of 143 patients, 89 were males, and 54 were females in this study. Falling from a height was the cause of head trauma in most patients (43.3%). Among all patients, the CT scans of six patients were abnormal and had lesions. The vomiting had a significant relationship with the results of the CT scan, and for patients with mild head trauma, the Canadian and New Orleans indices had the same clinical importance. Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, the New Orleans index could identify more patients as CT scan candidates than the Canadian index; however, there was no difference in the final result (the presence of a pathological lesion in the CT scan) between these two indices. The New Orleans index has more features than the Canadian index, but its results are not different from the Canadian index. Thus, we believe that using the Canadian index can reduce imaging rates, costs, and protection from the side effects of radiation.
{"title":"Prevalence of Pathological Lesion Due to Mild Head Trauma in Computed Tomography Scan of Patients’ Brains","authors":"Seyed Mehdi Pourafzali, Aida Amiripour, Mohammad Ali Dayani, Afsaneh Malekpour, Parna Alikhani, Abdolrahim Sanei","doi":"10.34172/ehsj.2023.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ehsj.2023.21","url":null,"abstract":"Background and aims: This study investigated the prevalence of pathological lesions on the computed tomography (CT) scans of the brains of patients with mild head trauma based on the New Orleans-Canadian criteria at Shahrekord Ayatollah Kashani Hospital, Iran. Methods: All patients referred to the Emergency Department of Shahrekord Ayatollah Kashani Hospital in 2019 with a history of head trauma were included in this cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical study according to the criteria of mild head trauma. Then, the relevant checklist was used to record the patients’ level of consciousness, demographic information, and cause of trauma. Finally, the data were analyzed using SPSS 18, and the patient’s lesions were reported accordingly. Results: Out of 143 patients, 89 were males, and 54 were females in this study. Falling from a height was the cause of head trauma in most patients (43.3%). Among all patients, the CT scans of six patients were abnormal and had lesions. The vomiting had a significant relationship with the results of the CT scan, and for patients with mild head trauma, the Canadian and New Orleans indices had the same clinical importance. Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, the New Orleans index could identify more patients as CT scan candidates than the Canadian index; however, there was no difference in the final result (the presence of a pathological lesion in the CT scan) between these two indices. The New Orleans index has more features than the Canadian index, but its results are not different from the Canadian index. Thus, we believe that using the Canadian index can reduce imaging rates, costs, and protection from the side effects of radiation.","PeriodicalId":470613,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Health System Journal","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135297078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and aims: India is a high-burden tuberculosis region and a drug-resistance hotspot. Despite numerous reports of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) cases, there needs to be more literature available on the importance of diagnostic methods in the case of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB). A prospective study was carried out from July 2017 to June 2018 to compare the efficacy of conventional and molecular methods in detecting PTB and EPTB cases. Methods: 1000 presumptive PTB and 412 EPTB cases were subjected to staining (Ziehl-Neelson and fluorescent staining), culture, GeneXpert, and line probe assay. Results: The sensitivity, specificity, and strength of association, i.e., kappa (k) value of LED-FM, ZN, and GeneXpert, were calculated using standard formulae using solid culture as the gold standard. The sensitivity of GeneXpert in smear-positive/culture-positive PTB was comparable with the smear-negative/culture-positive PTB cases (95.7% Vs. 87.5%) with an overall sensitivity and specificity of 90.5% and 90.1% in EPTB cases, respectively. However, sensitivity was lower for pleural fluid (75%) and tissues (85.7%). In pulmonary instances, 10% (6.7% RIF + INH resistant and 3.3%INH monoresistant) drug resistance was observed, and no drug resistance was found in extra-pulmonary samples. Conclusion: Among conventional methods, Fluorescent staining is more sensitive than Ziehl-Neelson (ZN) staining, while the sensitivity of GeneXpert varies w.r.t type of sample using culture positivity as the gold standard. The present study suggests the promotion of universal DST for all individuals with TB to control drug-resistant tuberculosis.
背景与目的:印度是结核病高负担地区和耐药热点地区。尽管有许多关于肺结核(PTB)病例的报道，但需要更多的文献来说明肺外结核(EPTB)诊断方法的重要性。2017年7月至2018年6月开展了一项前瞻性研究，比较传统方法和分子方法检测PTB和EPTB病例的疗效。方法:对1000例推定肺结核和412例EPTB进行染色(Ziehl-Neelson染色和荧光染色)、培养、GeneXpert和线探针检测。结果:以固体培养为金标准，采用标准公式计算LED-FM、ZN和GeneXpert的敏感性、特异性和关联强度kappa (k)值。GeneXpert在涂片阳性/培养阳性PTB中的敏感性与涂片阴性/培养阳性PTB病例的敏感性相当(95.7% Vs. 87.5%)， EPTB病例的总体敏感性和特异性分别为90.5%和90.1%。然而，胸膜液(75%)和组织(85.7%)的敏感性较低。肺部病例中有10% (RIF + INH耐药6.7%，INH单耐药3.3%)耐药，肺外标本中未发现耐药。结论:在常规方法中，荧光染色法的灵敏度高于Ziehl-Neelson (ZN)染色法，而GeneXpert方法的灵敏度以培养阳性为金标准，随样品类型的不同而不同。本研究建议促进对所有结核病患者普遍进行DST，以控制耐药结核病。
{"title":"Assessment of Conventional and Molecular Methods in the Routine Management of Tuberculosis in a High Tuberculosis Burden Setting","authors":"Rushna Wazahat, Mehvash Haider, Debasish Chattopadhya, Mridu Dudeja","doi":"10.34172/ehsj.2023.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ehsj.2023.19","url":null,"abstract":"Background and aims: India is a high-burden tuberculosis region and a drug-resistance hotspot. Despite numerous reports of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) cases, there needs to be more literature available on the importance of diagnostic methods in the case of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB). A prospective study was carried out from July 2017 to June 2018 to compare the efficacy of conventional and molecular methods in detecting PTB and EPTB cases. Methods: 1000 presumptive PTB and 412 EPTB cases were subjected to staining (Ziehl-Neelson and fluorescent staining), culture, GeneXpert, and line probe assay. Results: The sensitivity, specificity, and strength of association, i.e., kappa (k) value of LED-FM, ZN, and GeneXpert, were calculated using standard formulae using solid culture as the gold standard. The sensitivity of GeneXpert in smear-positive/culture-positive PTB was comparable with the smear-negative/culture-positive PTB cases (95.7% Vs. 87.5%) with an overall sensitivity and specificity of 90.5% and 90.1% in EPTB cases, respectively. However, sensitivity was lower for pleural fluid (75%) and tissues (85.7%). In pulmonary instances, 10% (6.7% RIF + INH resistant and 3.3%INH monoresistant) drug resistance was observed, and no drug resistance was found in extra-pulmonary samples. Conclusion: Among conventional methods, Fluorescent staining is more sensitive than Ziehl-Neelson (ZN) staining, while the sensitivity of GeneXpert varies w.r.t type of sample using culture positivity as the gold standard. The present study suggests the promotion of universal DST for all individuals with TB to control drug-resistant tuberculosis.","PeriodicalId":470613,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Health System Journal","volume":"193 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135297073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and aims: COVID-19 is undoubtedly underestimated in the South Kivu region due to the inaccessibility of reference diagnostic tests. In this context, serological tests could help estimate the disease’s circulation. This study analyzed the dynamics in the SARS-CoV-2 antibodies seroprevalence in Bukavu, East of the Democratic Republic of Congo. Methods: The results of SARS-CoV-2 antibody tests performed in 2020 (n=1100), 2021 (n=508), and 2022-2023 (n=246) in 4 clinics in Bukavu underwent analysis. Any subject, regardless of age, gender, and origin, was eligible for voluntary SARS-CoV-2 antibody screening. The screening was performed to determine the immune status for professional reasons or clinical clarification in symptomatic subjects. For this purpose, 4 mL of blood was obtained from an antecubital venipuncture for biological analysis. The data were also collected anonymously and confidentially. These rapid lateral flow immunoassays (Cellex qSARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G/M [IgG/IgM], and QuickZen COVID-19 IgM/IgG) detected and differentiated SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in volunteer workers and patients. Results: Between 2020 and 2023, the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (IgG+and IgM+) increased from 37.9% to 65.4% (P<0.0001). Early exposure to SARS-CoV-2 (IgM+/IgG-) increased significantly from 5.1% in 2020 to 11.4% in 2021, while it decreased significantly from 11.4% in 2021 to 4.5% in 2022-2023 (P<0.0001). Full immunization (IgM-/IgG+) increased from 2.5% in 2020 to 34.1% in 2022-2023. Age between 40 and 59 years (adjusted OR [95% CI]: 1.6 [1.3-2.1], P<0.0001) and≥60 years (adjusted OR [95% CI]: 1.6 [1.2-2.1], P=0.001), as well as exposure periods 2021 (adjusted OR [95% CI]: 2.0 [1.6-2.5], P<0.0001) and especially 2022-2023 (adjusted OR [95% CI]: 3.4 [2.5-4.7], P<0.0001) remained independent predictors of SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence. Conclusion: The findings of the present study demonstrated extremely high exposure to SARS-CoV-2 and full immunization of a significant proportion of the screened subjects. These results would explain the marginalization of new waves of COVID-19 in Bukavu despite low access to vaccination.
{"title":"Trend in SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies Seroprevalence in Bukavu Between 2020 and 2023: A Hospital-Based Retrospective Study","authors":"Bertin Barhankabaga Bijira, Justin Busingo Muderhwa, Aimerance Barhinjibanwa Nabintu, Yannick Cibinda Birato, Delphin Katabana Murhula, Philippe Bianga Katchunga","doi":"10.34172/ehsj.2023.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ehsj.2023.22","url":null,"abstract":"Background and aims: COVID-19 is undoubtedly underestimated in the South Kivu region due to the inaccessibility of reference diagnostic tests. In this context, serological tests could help estimate the disease’s circulation. This study analyzed the dynamics in the SARS-CoV-2 antibodies seroprevalence in Bukavu, East of the Democratic Republic of Congo. Methods: The results of SARS-CoV-2 antibody tests performed in 2020 (n=1100), 2021 (n=508), and 2022-2023 (n=246) in 4 clinics in Bukavu underwent analysis. Any subject, regardless of age, gender, and origin, was eligible for voluntary SARS-CoV-2 antibody screening. The screening was performed to determine the immune status for professional reasons or clinical clarification in symptomatic subjects. For this purpose, 4 mL of blood was obtained from an antecubital venipuncture for biological analysis. The data were also collected anonymously and confidentially. These rapid lateral flow immunoassays (Cellex qSARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G/M [IgG/IgM], and QuickZen COVID-19 IgM/IgG) detected and differentiated SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in volunteer workers and patients. Results: Between 2020 and 2023, the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (IgG+and IgM+) increased from 37.9% to 65.4% (P<0.0001). Early exposure to SARS-CoV-2 (IgM+/IgG-) increased significantly from 5.1% in 2020 to 11.4% in 2021, while it decreased significantly from 11.4% in 2021 to 4.5% in 2022-2023 (P<0.0001). Full immunization (IgM-/IgG+) increased from 2.5% in 2020 to 34.1% in 2022-2023. Age between 40 and 59 years (adjusted OR [95% CI]: 1.6 [1.3-2.1], P<0.0001) and≥60 years (adjusted OR [95% CI]: 1.6 [1.2-2.1], P=0.001), as well as exposure periods 2021 (adjusted OR [95% CI]: 2.0 [1.6-2.5], P<0.0001) and especially 2022-2023 (adjusted OR [95% CI]: 3.4 [2.5-4.7], P<0.0001) remained independent predictors of SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence. Conclusion: The findings of the present study demonstrated extremely high exposure to SARS-CoV-2 and full immunization of a significant proportion of the screened subjects. These results would explain the marginalization of new waves of COVID-19 in Bukavu despite low access to vaccination.","PeriodicalId":470613,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Health System Journal","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135297071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"COVID-19: Current Status and Necessary Measures for Prevention of Future Outbreaks","authors":"Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani","doi":"10.34172/ehsj.2023.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ehsj.2023.24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":470613,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Health System Journal","volume":"129 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135297075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and aims: The present study examined the general health status following the COVID-19 pandemic and relevant parameters among internship and externship medical students. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 400 externship and internship medical students at Arak University of Medical Sciences in 2021 were recruited, to whom the 28-item general health questionnaire developed by Goldberg was administered. In the questionnaire, 23 is considered the cut-off point, and higher scores indicate worse general health. The data were statistically analyzed using SPSS version 23.0. Results: The mean general health score was 25.24±9.71, and the prevalence of general health disorders was 51%. The results represented no significant difference between the externship and internship students concerning the total general health score and subscales of somatic symptoms, anxiety and insomnia, and social dysfunction. However, interns had a significantly higher depression score compared to externs (P=0.029). Age, gender, marital status, history of COVID-19, and residence status were not statistically significantly related to the general health score. Conclusion: More than half of the interns and externs at Arak University of Medical Sciences developed general health disorders during the COVID-19 outbreak. The results revealed no significant relationship between the total score of general health and gender, age, marital, residence, and COVID-19 status.
{"title":"General Health Status of Medical Students During COVID-19 Pandemic and Relevant Factors in Medical Students of Arak University of Medical Sciences in 2021","authors":"Pegah Mohaghegh, Fatemeh Mofidi, Mehran Shayganfard","doi":"10.34172/ehsj.2023.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ehsj.2023.17","url":null,"abstract":"Background and aims: The present study examined the general health status following the COVID-19 pandemic and relevant parameters among internship and externship medical students. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 400 externship and internship medical students at Arak University of Medical Sciences in 2021 were recruited, to whom the 28-item general health questionnaire developed by Goldberg was administered. In the questionnaire, 23 is considered the cut-off point, and higher scores indicate worse general health. The data were statistically analyzed using SPSS version 23.0. Results: The mean general health score was 25.24±9.71, and the prevalence of general health disorders was 51%. The results represented no significant difference between the externship and internship students concerning the total general health score and subscales of somatic symptoms, anxiety and insomnia, and social dysfunction. However, interns had a significantly higher depression score compared to externs (P=0.029). Age, gender, marital status, history of COVID-19, and residence status were not statistically significantly related to the general health score. Conclusion: More than half of the interns and externs at Arak University of Medical Sciences developed general health disorders during the COVID-19 outbreak. The results revealed no significant relationship between the total score of general health and gender, age, marital, residence, and COVID-19 status.","PeriodicalId":470613,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Health System Journal","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135297271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hadi Savari, Ghanbar Roohi, Zahra Sabzi, Fatemeh Mehravar
Background and aims: Aging is one of the life stages of all human beings, but people’s understanding of this issue is highly different. This study aimed to determine the association between the perception of aging and hope in older people. Methods: Using stratified random sampling, this cross-sectional study was performed on 300 older people referring to Gorgan’s comprehensive urban health service centers from 2021 to 2022. The Aging Perceptions Questionnaire and Schneider’s Hope Questionnaire were completed by older people. The Pearson correlation coefficient was estimated finally. Results: The mean total hope score in older women and men was 39.78±5.61 and 40.93±5.58, respectively. There is no statistically significant relationship between the total hope score and understanding of aging. The highest negative correlation was related to the emotional representation subscale of perception of aging with a total hope score (r=-0.42, P<0.0001). The aging perception score was higher in older people whose number of children was less than equal to 3. In addition, the total hope score was better in older people who lived with their spouses and had a higher education, housing, and better economic status. Conclusion: In this study, the perceptions of aging and hope in older people had a high level. Although overall hope was not related to perceptions of aging, hope was associated with the emotional representation subscale of perception of aging.
{"title":"The Association Between the Perception of Aging and Hope in Older People of Gorgan, Iran","authors":"Hadi Savari, Ghanbar Roohi, Zahra Sabzi, Fatemeh Mehravar","doi":"10.34172/ehsj.2023.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ehsj.2023.20","url":null,"abstract":"Background and aims: Aging is one of the life stages of all human beings, but people’s understanding of this issue is highly different. This study aimed to determine the association between the perception of aging and hope in older people. Methods: Using stratified random sampling, this cross-sectional study was performed on 300 older people referring to Gorgan’s comprehensive urban health service centers from 2021 to 2022. The Aging Perceptions Questionnaire and Schneider’s Hope Questionnaire were completed by older people. The Pearson correlation coefficient was estimated finally. Results: The mean total hope score in older women and men was 39.78±5.61 and 40.93±5.58, respectively. There is no statistically significant relationship between the total hope score and understanding of aging. The highest negative correlation was related to the emotional representation subscale of perception of aging with a total hope score (r=-0.42, P<0.0001). The aging perception score was higher in older people whose number of children was less than equal to 3. In addition, the total hope score was better in older people who lived with their spouses and had a higher education, housing, and better economic status. Conclusion: In this study, the perceptions of aging and hope in older people had a high level. Although overall hope was not related to perceptions of aging, hope was associated with the emotional representation subscale of perception of aging.","PeriodicalId":470613,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Health System Journal","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135297072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and aims: Staying adjacent to steel plants may raise the chance of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors for their inhabitants. The present study aimed to compare some CVD risk factors in the residents of a city adjacent to the steel plant as the exposed city in comparison with the residents of a control city in the Isfahan province. Methods: In a cross-sectional study in 2021, the data related to the prevalence rate of hypertension (HTN), diabetes mellitus (DM), Hyperlipidemia, overweight, and obesity were collected in the over 30 years old inhabitants who were living in Chamgordan as the exposed city and Ferydounshahr as the control city and underwent cardiovascular risk assessment. The data were gathered from the Iranian electronic health file system by the census sampling method. Results: Among the more than 30 years old population who stayed in the exposed and the control cities, the prevalence rates of CVD risk factors were as HTN (20.53% and 16.54%), DM (10.32% and 7.13%), and overweight and obesity (32.55% and 27.07%), respectively. There were no significant statistical differences between the exposed and control cities regarding HTN (P=0.471), DM (P=0.447), and overweight and obesity (P=0.355). However, hyperlipidemia was significantly more prevalent in the exposed city by 11.53% in comparison with 0.45% in the control city (P=0.001). Conclusion: Except for hyperlipidemia, there was no significant statistical difference in the prevalence rates of HTN, DM, overweight, and obesity between the exposed and the control cities.
{"title":"Is Neighborhood With a Steel Factory Associated With Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors?","authors":"Hussein Shhab, Alireza Safaeian, Reza Khadivi","doi":"10.34172/ehsj.2023.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ehsj.2023.15","url":null,"abstract":"Background and aims: Staying adjacent to steel plants may raise the chance of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors for their inhabitants. The present study aimed to compare some CVD risk factors in the residents of a city adjacent to the steel plant as the exposed city in comparison with the residents of a control city in the Isfahan province. Methods: In a cross-sectional study in 2021, the data related to the prevalence rate of hypertension (HTN), diabetes mellitus (DM), Hyperlipidemia, overweight, and obesity were collected in the over 30 years old inhabitants who were living in Chamgordan as the exposed city and Ferydounshahr as the control city and underwent cardiovascular risk assessment. The data were gathered from the Iranian electronic health file system by the census sampling method. Results: Among the more than 30 years old population who stayed in the exposed and the control cities, the prevalence rates of CVD risk factors were as HTN (20.53% and 16.54%), DM (10.32% and 7.13%), and overweight and obesity (32.55% and 27.07%), respectively. There were no significant statistical differences between the exposed and control cities regarding HTN (P=0.471), DM (P=0.447), and overweight and obesity (P=0.355). However, hyperlipidemia was significantly more prevalent in the exposed city by 11.53% in comparison with 0.45% in the control city (P=0.001). Conclusion: Except for hyperlipidemia, there was no significant statistical difference in the prevalence rates of HTN, DM, overweight, and obesity between the exposed and the control cities.","PeriodicalId":470613,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Health System Journal","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135525256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and aims: Cancer is emerging as a serious health issue in developing countries mainly as a consequence of metamorphosis in the demography and epidemiology of various cancers. This study aimed to describe our institutional experience in terms of demographic, clinical, and radiation treatment characteristics in cancer patients. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on histopathologically proven carcinoma cases treated with radiation therapy (RT) from January 1, 2016 to May 31, 2022 at Capitol Hospital, Jalandhar. All enrolled 3753 patients’ data were retrieved from medical records on January 1, 2022. Baseline demographic, clinical information, and radiation treatment details were compiled, and chi-square test was performed to compare categorical data of age versus histology. The Jonkheere-Terpstra and Cuzick method was used to test the trend across different time periods for categorical variables (P<0.05). Results: The trend analysis of the year-wise distribution and age demonstrated that the majority of diagnosed patients were in the age group of 51-70 years (mean age±standard deviation, 58±13.12). Most oncological patients represented good compliance (93.2%). The intention of radiation treatment was curative in 84.4% of patients, while the remaining patients (15.6%) were treated with palliative intent. It was found that RT plays a major role in the breast (21.1%), head and neck (20.4%), and female genitourinary (GU) (16.2%) malignancies as compared to male GU, gastrointestinal (GI), and other malignancies. Conclusion: The findings revealed carcinoma breast, cervix uteri, head and neck, prostate, and esophagus as established cancers being treated with RT. Our analysis showed good compliance to the RT of 93.8% owing to modern techniques. The most common histologies were adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma observed in the age group of 51-70 years. The findings represented that RT is utilized in various settings in the multidisciplinary management of cancer. This epidemiological distribution might contribute to planning cancer control strategies in the near future.
{"title":"Cancer Epidemiology in Radiation Oncology: An Institutional Experience From North India During 2016-2022","authors":"Preety Negi, Harnoor Singh Pruthi, Himanshu Srivastava","doi":"10.34172/ehsj.2023.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ehsj.2023.14","url":null,"abstract":"Background and aims: Cancer is emerging as a serious health issue in developing countries mainly as a consequence of metamorphosis in the demography and epidemiology of various cancers. This study aimed to describe our institutional experience in terms of demographic, clinical, and radiation treatment characteristics in cancer patients. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on histopathologically proven carcinoma cases treated with radiation therapy (RT) from January 1, 2016 to May 31, 2022 at Capitol Hospital, Jalandhar. All enrolled 3753 patients’ data were retrieved from medical records on January 1, 2022. Baseline demographic, clinical information, and radiation treatment details were compiled, and chi-square test was performed to compare categorical data of age versus histology. The Jonkheere-Terpstra and Cuzick method was used to test the trend across different time periods for categorical variables (P<0.05). Results: The trend analysis of the year-wise distribution and age demonstrated that the majority of diagnosed patients were in the age group of 51-70 years (mean age±standard deviation, 58±13.12). Most oncological patients represented good compliance (93.2%). The intention of radiation treatment was curative in 84.4% of patients, while the remaining patients (15.6%) were treated with palliative intent. It was found that RT plays a major role in the breast (21.1%), head and neck (20.4%), and female genitourinary (GU) (16.2%) malignancies as compared to male GU, gastrointestinal (GI), and other malignancies. Conclusion: The findings revealed carcinoma breast, cervix uteri, head and neck, prostate, and esophagus as established cancers being treated with RT. Our analysis showed good compliance to the RT of 93.8% owing to modern techniques. The most common histologies were adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma observed in the age group of 51-70 years. The findings represented that RT is utilized in various settings in the multidisciplinary management of cancer. This epidemiological distribution might contribute to planning cancer control strategies in the near future.","PeriodicalId":470613,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Health System Journal","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135525257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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