Pub Date : 2022-07-25DOI: 10.1080/14683849.2022.2103408
Atilla Barutçu
ABSTRACT Male circumcision maintains a strong connection with religious responsibilities and masculinity construction in Turkey, but some Muslim men oppose this ritual today. This paper argues that opposing approaches to male circumcision on religious grounds do not necessarily enable a critical view of masculinity in general. Muslim men’s opposition against male circumcision shows four interdependent approaches about the juxtaposition of male circumcision, religion, and masculinity: (1) ‘Defending anti-circumcision’ as an example of practicing religion correctly, (2) ‘practicing religion correctly’ as a necessity for piety, (3) ‘piety’ as a requirement for masculinity, and (4) hence defending anti-circumcision as an obligation for ‘masculinity.’ The fourth point takes us back to the first one, and this creates a cycle which also shows how these men construct their own masculinity. The study shows that being circumcised and uncircumcised can both be positioned as a strategy that supports masculinity and internal hegemony in the same geography.
{"title":"‘Wounded religious masculinities’: Muslim men’s opposition against male circumcision in Turkey","authors":"Atilla Barutçu","doi":"10.1080/14683849.2022.2103408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14683849.2022.2103408","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Male circumcision maintains a strong connection with religious responsibilities and masculinity construction in Turkey, but some Muslim men oppose this ritual today. This paper argues that opposing approaches to male circumcision on religious grounds do not necessarily enable a critical view of masculinity in general. Muslim men’s opposition against male circumcision shows four interdependent approaches about the juxtaposition of male circumcision, religion, and masculinity: (1) ‘Defending anti-circumcision’ as an example of practicing religion correctly, (2) ‘practicing religion correctly’ as a necessity for piety, (3) ‘piety’ as a requirement for masculinity, and (4) hence defending anti-circumcision as an obligation for ‘masculinity.’ The fourth point takes us back to the first one, and this creates a cycle which also shows how these men construct their own masculinity. The study shows that being circumcised and uncircumcised can both be positioned as a strategy that supports masculinity and internal hegemony in the same geography.","PeriodicalId":47071,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Studies","volume":" 46","pages":"379 - 399"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72382400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-21DOI: 10.1080/14683849.2022.2100700
M. Yavuz
ABSTRACT This paper examines the role of ideas and identities in the making of the AKP’s foreign policy in Turkey. After briefly examining the institutional and international constraints on Turkish foreign policy before 2002, the discussion turns to the driving factors in three evolutionary stages of AKP’s foreign policy. It becomes apparent that a neo-Ottoman worldview and accompanying identity constitute the interpretive framework of the AKP’s political elite. The article traces how this worldview became dominant in Turkey’s policy making after the government dismantled the country’s Kemalist institutions and the AKP consolidated its political power.
{"title":"The motives behind the AKP’s foreign policy: neo-Ottomanism and strategic autonomy","authors":"M. Yavuz","doi":"10.1080/14683849.2022.2100700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14683849.2022.2100700","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT\u0000 This paper examines the role of ideas and identities in the making of the AKP’s foreign policy in Turkey. After briefly examining the institutional and international constraints on Turkish foreign policy before 2002, the discussion turns to the driving factors in three evolutionary stages of AKP’s foreign policy. It becomes apparent that a neo-Ottoman worldview and accompanying identity constitute the interpretive framework of the AKP’s political elite. The article traces how this worldview became dominant in Turkey’s policy making after the government dismantled the country’s Kemalist institutions and the AKP consolidated its political power.","PeriodicalId":47071,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Studies","volume":"45 1","pages":"659 - 680"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87808471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-21DOI: 10.1080/14683849.2022.2101363
E. T. Vardağlı
ABSTRACT This study scrutinizes the relations between the cooperative societies and the ruling party in Turkey in the 1930s. The ruling party (the Republican Peoples’ Party) mobilized the cooperative societies to avert the subversive effects of the Great Depression. Besides their economic significance, cooperative societies were formulated as alternative communication channels between the ruler and the ruled. It is argued that under the single party regime the RPP generated a regimented public sphere over these organizations to forward its messages to the masses. The periodicals published by the Turkish Cooperatives Society, the national federation of the cooperatives, provide invaluable insights into the catalyzer role of the bureaucratic intelligentsia in the construction and deconstruction of this public sphere. It is suggested that the interactions between the ruling authority and the bureaucratic intelligentsia generate a certain pattern of political culture displaying the dialectical forces immanent to any public sphere.
{"title":"Turkish Cooperatives Society and the ruling party in the 1930s: the rise and fall of a regimented public sphere","authors":"E. T. Vardağlı","doi":"10.1080/14683849.2022.2101363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14683849.2022.2101363","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study scrutinizes the relations between the cooperative societies and the ruling party in Turkey in the 1930s. The ruling party (the Republican Peoples’ Party) mobilized the cooperative societies to avert the subversive effects of the Great Depression. Besides their economic significance, cooperative societies were formulated as alternative communication channels between the ruler and the ruled. It is argued that under the single party regime the RPP generated a regimented public sphere over these organizations to forward its messages to the masses. The periodicals published by the Turkish Cooperatives Society, the national federation of the cooperatives, provide invaluable insights into the catalyzer role of the bureaucratic intelligentsia in the construction and deconstruction of this public sphere. It is suggested that the interactions between the ruling authority and the bureaucratic intelligentsia generate a certain pattern of political culture displaying the dialectical forces immanent to any public sphere.","PeriodicalId":47071,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Studies","volume":"68 1","pages":"258 - 277"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84115131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/14683849.2022.2094783
G. Jenkins, G. Olasehinde-Williams, Roya Amel
ABSTRACT This study addresses economic issues associated with the private defined benefit pension system in Turkey. Findings show that the new Turkish pension scheme has generated significant welfare improvements for individual investors, but at a loss in tax revenue and an economic resource cost to the country. If the bank-administered Tax-Free Contribution Accounts and/or Tax-Free Savings Accounts, similar to those operating in Canada, were adopted in Turkey and the requirement of holding government securities was lifted, such schemes would provide contributors with benefits similar to what they currently enjoy under the new Turkish scheme, while eliminating the economic resource costs of administration and improving their net fiscal impact.
{"title":"Private benefits, fiscal costs and economic resource costs of the private defined contribution pension systems in Turkey","authors":"G. Jenkins, G. Olasehinde-Williams, Roya Amel","doi":"10.1080/14683849.2022.2094783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14683849.2022.2094783","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study addresses economic issues associated with the private defined benefit pension system in Turkey. Findings show that the new Turkish pension scheme has generated significant welfare improvements for individual investors, but at a loss in tax revenue and an economic resource cost to the country. If the bank-administered Tax-Free Contribution Accounts and/or Tax-Free Savings Accounts, similar to those operating in Canada, were adopted in Turkey and the requirement of holding government securities was lifted, such schemes would provide contributors with benefits similar to what they currently enjoy under the new Turkish scheme, while eliminating the economic resource costs of administration and improving their net fiscal impact.","PeriodicalId":47071,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Studies","volume":"24 1","pages":"150 - 176"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82955613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/14683849.2022.2093639
Ertuğrul Zengin
{"title":"America and the making of modern Turkey: science, culture and political alliances","authors":"Ertuğrul Zengin","doi":"10.1080/14683849.2022.2093639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14683849.2022.2093639","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47071,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Studies","volume":"86 1","pages":"638 - 640"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76237709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.1080/14683849.2022.2093108
A. Erken
{"title":"Hotels and highways: the construction of modernization theory in Cold War Turkey","authors":"A. Erken","doi":"10.1080/14683849.2022.2093108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14683849.2022.2093108","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47071,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Studies","volume":"13 1","pages":"635 - 638"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77507012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-23DOI: 10.1080/14683849.2022.2087509
I. N. Grigoriadis
ABSTRACT This paper aims to evaluate the state of Greek-Turkish relations in light of recent developments in the reconfiguration of Turkish foreign policy. Following twenty years of détente and relative calm in bilateral relations, the year 2020 witnessed two escalations in Greek-Turkish relations, one in March involving refugees and immigrants on the Greek-Turkish land border and another in August involving military vessels of the two countries. The refugee crisis and potential military conflict regarding energy exploration in the Eastern Mediterranean have raised tensions at a moment the political and institutional tools for the promotion of conflict resolution between Greece and Turkey linked to Turkey’s EU membership perspective appear to be obsolete. This paper seeks an answer to the question of whether structural or ideational factors played the most prominent role in the recent escalation of the Greek-Turkish disputes.
{"title":"Between escalation and détente: Greek-Turkish relations in the aftermath of the Eastern Mediterranean crisis","authors":"I. N. Grigoriadis","doi":"10.1080/14683849.2022.2087509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14683849.2022.2087509","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper aims to evaluate the state of Greek-Turkish relations in light of recent developments in the reconfiguration of Turkish foreign policy. Following twenty years of détente and relative calm in bilateral relations, the year 2020 witnessed two escalations in Greek-Turkish relations, one in March involving refugees and immigrants on the Greek-Turkish land border and another in August involving military vessels of the two countries. The refugee crisis and potential military conflict regarding energy exploration in the Eastern Mediterranean have raised tensions at a moment the political and institutional tools for the promotion of conflict resolution between Greece and Turkey linked to Turkey’s EU membership perspective appear to be obsolete. This paper seeks an answer to the question of whether structural or ideational factors played the most prominent role in the recent escalation of the Greek-Turkish disputes.","PeriodicalId":47071,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Studies","volume":"114 1","pages":"802 - 820"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81052545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-19DOI: 10.1080/14683849.2022.2085094
Musa Akgül, Çiğdem Görgün Akgül
ABSTRACT This study investigates the peace process between the Turkish government and the PKK, invoking the mutually hurting stalemate (MHS) and mutually enticing opportunity (MEO) formulations of Ripeness Theory. It questions why the negotiations failed although Turkey’s conditions had become ripe for resolution. This research shows that even though the ripe moment occurred before the process steered the parties toward the negotiation table, their perspectives regarding the table ultimately changed due to both domestic and international developments. Hence, the MHS seized at the beginning of the process did not turn into the MEO that would lead to resolution.
{"title":"Beyond mutually hurting stalemate: why did the peace process in Turkey (2009–2015) fail?","authors":"Musa Akgül, Çiğdem Görgün Akgül","doi":"10.1080/14683849.2022.2085094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14683849.2022.2085094","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study investigates the peace process between the Turkish government and the PKK, invoking the mutually hurting stalemate (MHS) and mutually enticing opportunity (MEO) formulations of Ripeness Theory. It questions why the negotiations failed although Turkey’s conditions had become ripe for resolution. This research shows that even though the ripe moment occurred before the process steered the parties toward the negotiation table, their perspectives regarding the table ultimately changed due to both domestic and international developments. Hence, the MHS seized at the beginning of the process did not turn into the MEO that would lead to resolution.","PeriodicalId":47071,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Studies","volume":"22 1","pages":"1 - 28"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88749956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-19DOI: 10.1080/14683849.2022.2085095
Cenk Özbay, Maral Erol, C. Bagci, Nurcan Özkaplan
ABSTRACT This article contributes to studies on youth in Turkey by exploring gender, sexuality, intimacy, and relationship practices among college students. Our findings show that there is change (a) towards greater gender equality; (b) about attitudes regarding family, sexuality, and romance; and (c) in understanding and experiencing gendered violence in the groups of students we examined. Progressive values appear to become more common among the participants despite the increasingly conservative tone of the political and cultural climate. However, traditional relationship patterns and norms, including the idealization of monogamous relationships, robust familial ties, and sensitivity for moral reputation, seem prevalent even though these were not associated with the ascendant politico-religious conservatism. By constituting ‘secular but conservative’ intimate selves and relations, our respondents approve the freedom and right to explore possibilities for others, and yet not immediately for themselves, as they preserve an unequivocal moral self.
{"title":"Secular but conservative? Youth, gender, and intimacy in Turkey","authors":"Cenk Özbay, Maral Erol, C. Bagci, Nurcan Özkaplan","doi":"10.1080/14683849.2022.2085095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14683849.2022.2085095","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article contributes to studies on youth in Turkey by exploring gender, sexuality, intimacy, and relationship practices among college students. Our findings show that there is change (a) towards greater gender equality; (b) about attitudes regarding family, sexuality, and romance; and (c) in understanding and experiencing gendered violence in the groups of students we examined. Progressive values appear to become more common among the participants despite the increasingly conservative tone of the political and cultural climate. However, traditional relationship patterns and norms, including the idealization of monogamous relationships, robust familial ties, and sensitivity for moral reputation, seem prevalent even though these were not associated with the ascendant politico-religious conservatism. By constituting ‘secular but conservative’ intimate selves and relations, our respondents approve the freedom and right to explore possibilities for others, and yet not immediately for themselves, as they preserve an unequivocal moral self.","PeriodicalId":47071,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Studies","volume":"41 1","pages":"29 - 50"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80703201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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