Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.14260/jemds.v12i8.467
Irine Kuzhipallil Mathew, Ajesh Gopal
BACKGROUND Breast lump is one of the most prevalent ailments that women face. Mostly these lumps are benign, but breast malignancy is the most common form of cancer and is the second leading cause of malignancy deaths in women. Fibroadenoma is the most common benign breast mass and invasive ductal carcinoma is the most common malignancy. Delay in the detection causes the malignancy to progress to an advanced stage. Early detection of malignancies in initial stages is done using triple test to decrease mortality. Incidence of breast cancer can be reduced by 30% by the routine mammographic screening of healthy women. We wanted to correlate the clinical and pathological diagnosis in patients presenting with palpable breast lumps and assess the reliability of clinical examination as a pre-procedural diagnostic tool in this study. METHODS A prospective observational study was done in a total of 100 women. Detailed clinical history and examination were done and then compared to histopathological results. The final results were statistically analyzed. RESULTS The clinical examination exhibited a sensitivity of 97.96% and a specificity of 96.08% for the identification of cancer when the data were considered collectively. The clinical examination's positive predictive value was 95.84%, and its negative predictive value was 98.08%. CONCLUSIONS A significant correlation was also observed between the clinical diagnosis and final pathological diagnosis. So routine clinical examination would definitely be helpful in early diagnosis.
{"title":"A Clinico-Pathological Correlation of Breast Lumps in a Tertiary Care Centre","authors":"Irine Kuzhipallil Mathew, Ajesh Gopal","doi":"10.14260/jemds.v12i8.467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14260/jemds.v12i8.467","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND \u0000Breast lump is one of the most prevalent ailments that women face. Mostly these lumps are benign, but breast malignancy is the most common form of cancer and is the second leading cause of malignancy deaths in women. Fibroadenoma is the most common benign breast mass and invasive ductal carcinoma is the most common malignancy. Delay in the detection causes the malignancy to progress to an advanced stage. Early detection of malignancies in initial stages is done using triple test to decrease mortality. Incidence of breast cancer can be reduced by 30% by the routine mammographic screening of healthy women. We wanted to correlate the clinical and pathological diagnosis in patients presenting with palpable breast lumps and assess the reliability of clinical examination as a pre-procedural diagnostic tool in this study. \u0000METHODS \u0000A prospective observational study was done in a total of 100 women. Detailed clinical history and examination were done and then compared to histopathological results. The final results were statistically analyzed. \u0000RESULTS \u0000The clinical examination exhibited a sensitivity of 97.96% and a specificity of 96.08% for the identification of cancer when the data were considered collectively. The clinical examination's positive predictive value was 95.84%, and its negative predictive value was 98.08%. \u0000CONCLUSIONS \u0000A significant correlation was also observed between the clinical diagnosis and final pathological diagnosis. So routine clinical examination would definitely be helpful in early diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":47072,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences-JEMDS","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49385871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.14260/jemds.v12i7.443
Mohd Altaf Dar, Mudasir Maqbool, Irfat Ara
BACKGROUND The health care system around the world is concerned about rational drug use. To achieve this goal, the more vulnerable pediatric population necessitates additional attention. The study's objectives were to determine the most prevalent diseases and medications administered, as per WHO recommendations, by looking at prescription trends and the ailments for which they were prescribed. Objective The objective of this study was to find drug use in the outpatient pediatric department of a tertiary care hospital in Jammu and Kashmir. METHODS This four-month prospective study was undertaken in the paediatrics department of a tertiary care hospital in Jammu and Kashmir. The Institutional Ethical Committee gave its nod to the investigation, which was then carried out. The parent's or guardian's consent was obtained after discussion and explanation. The patient's and the prescriber's privacy were protected. Every pediatric prescription (from newborn to 12 years old) from the outpatient, inpatient, and critical care units was included in the research. RESULTS There were 498 prescriptions in total that were randomly collected and studied. There were a total of 1895 prescriptions, with an average of 4.01 per encounter. Prescriptions from the WHO's essential drug list (666) accounted for 35.14 percent of all prescriptions. There were 397 prescriptions written for antibiotics in total. A total of 79.72 percent of patient encounters involved an antibiotic prescription. The prescribed injections were used in 26.2% of the encounters. CONCLUSION With all the indicators, this study gives a positive outlook on drug use, especially for those on the EDL (Essential Drug List). It is possible to improve health care through regular auditing, continuous medical education, and evidence-based medicine (EBM). Drug prescribing patterns in a pediatric outpatient department have been analyzed in this research. To summarize, the role of the clinical pharmacist is critical in pediatrics, both as an integral part of the care team and in clearing up any confusion about the appropriate use of medications. As a pediatric patient, proper drug management is even more critical than for an adult. The prescribing patterns were improved, substantial issues with patients' or caretakers' grasp of consultant instructions were found, and even the financial burden on the patient was lessened with the aid of the WHO core indicators.
{"title":"A Study of Drug Use in the Outpatient Pediatric Department of a Tertiary Care Hospital in Jammu and Kashmir","authors":"Mohd Altaf Dar, Mudasir Maqbool, Irfat Ara","doi":"10.14260/jemds.v12i7.443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14260/jemds.v12i7.443","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND \u0000The health care system around the world is concerned about rational drug use. To achieve this goal, the more vulnerable pediatric population necessitates additional attention. The study's objectives were to determine the most prevalent diseases and medications administered, as per WHO recommendations, by looking at prescription trends and the ailments for which they were prescribed. \u0000Objective \u0000The objective of this study was to find drug use in the outpatient pediatric department of a tertiary care hospital in Jammu and Kashmir. \u0000METHODS \u0000This four-month prospective study was undertaken in the paediatrics department of a tertiary care hospital in Jammu and Kashmir. The Institutional Ethical Committee gave its nod to the investigation, which was then carried out. The parent's or guardian's consent was obtained after discussion and explanation. The patient's and the prescriber's privacy were protected. Every pediatric prescription (from newborn to 12 years old) from the outpatient, inpatient, and critical care units was included in the research. \u0000RESULTS \u0000There were 498 prescriptions in total that were randomly collected and studied. There were a total of 1895 prescriptions, with an average of 4.01 per encounter. Prescriptions from the WHO's essential drug list (666) accounted for 35.14 percent of all prescriptions. There were 397 prescriptions written for antibiotics in total. A total of 79.72 percent of patient encounters involved an antibiotic prescription. The prescribed injections were used in 26.2% of the encounters. \u0000CONCLUSION \u0000With all the indicators, this study gives a positive outlook on drug use, especially for those on the EDL (Essential Drug List). It is possible to improve health care through regular auditing, continuous medical education, and evidence-based medicine (EBM). Drug prescribing patterns in a pediatric outpatient department have been analyzed in this research. To summarize, the role of the clinical pharmacist is critical in pediatrics, both as an integral part of the care team and in clearing up any confusion about the appropriate use of medications. As a pediatric patient, proper drug management is even more critical than for an adult. The prescribing patterns were improved, substantial issues with patients' or caretakers' grasp of consultant instructions were found, and even the financial burden on the patient was lessened with the aid of the WHO core indicators.","PeriodicalId":47072,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences-JEMDS","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45597258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.14260/jemds.v12i7.445
Jayaprakash Shetty K., Nanjesh Kumar S., Chandrika Rao, Shrisharath K.
BACKGROUND Iron deficiency is the most common nutritional disorder in the world. The most common type of anaemia is due to nutritional factors and is also found especially among women of reproductive age group, pregnant, and lactating mothers. Anaemia is indicative of poor nutrition and health. We wanted to estimate anaemia among women in the reproductive age group in rural areas of Coastal Karnataka in this study. METHODS A community-based cross-sectional study was done among women in the reproductive age group using an RDT kit in the rural areas of Coastal Karnataka. Villages were selected from Udupi and Dakshina Kannada districts of Coastal Karnataka. RESULTS Out of 540 subjects, 18.5% were in the age group of 30-34 followed by 16.8 % in the 40-44 years age group respectively. Based on the educational status, PUC level of education accounted for 40.9%. Among the study subjects, 477 were married, 60.1% had haemoglobin above 12mg/dl and 39.9% had less than 12mg/dl haemoglobin levels. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of anaemia among women of reproductive age group in Coastal Karnataka is about 39.9%. Compared to NFHS 5 data the prevalence of anemia is lower in Coastal Karnataka.
{"title":"A Study on Prevalence of Anaemia among Women in Reproductive Age Group in Rural Areas of Coastal Karnataka","authors":"Jayaprakash Shetty K., Nanjesh Kumar S., Chandrika Rao, Shrisharath K.","doi":"10.14260/jemds.v12i7.445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14260/jemds.v12i7.445","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND \u0000Iron deficiency is the most common nutritional disorder in the world. The most common type of anaemia is due to nutritional factors and is also found especially among women of reproductive age group, pregnant, and lactating mothers. Anaemia is indicative of poor nutrition and health. We wanted to estimate anaemia among women in the reproductive age group in rural areas of Coastal Karnataka in this study. \u0000METHODS \u0000A community-based cross-sectional study was done among women in the reproductive age group using an RDT kit in the rural areas of Coastal Karnataka. Villages were selected from Udupi and Dakshina Kannada districts of Coastal Karnataka. \u0000RESULTS \u0000Out of 540 subjects, 18.5% were in the age group of 30-34 followed by 16.8 % in the 40-44 years age group respectively. Based on the educational status, PUC level of education accounted for 40.9%. Among the study subjects, 477 were married, 60.1% had haemoglobin above 12mg/dl and 39.9% had less than 12mg/dl haemoglobin levels. \u0000CONCLUSIONS \u0000The prevalence of anaemia among women of reproductive age group in Coastal Karnataka is about 39.9%. Compared to NFHS 5 data the prevalence of anemia is lower in Coastal Karnataka.","PeriodicalId":47072,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences-JEMDS","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43798314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUND Covid 19 is a pandemic which created anxiety especially among the antenatal women regarding their health and the fetus in the womb. During the lockdown period this apprehension doubled and we had to use telemedicine as a tool for clearing their queries. We wanted to assess the perception of telemedicine as a consultation method by antenatal women in a covid 19 pandemic. METHODS It was a cross sectional study involving 100 antenatal women conducted in 2019 for over three months. The telephonic consultation was done and counseled them regarding nutrition, covid prevention, warning signs and high risk factors where she has to report to the hospital immediately. Feedback on their perception was obtained by Likert scale and analysed. RESULTS A majority of antenatal women (92%) opined that telemedicine was useful for clearing their queries. They felt that it should be integrated on regular basis and done continuosly. All 100 women were asked the same questions. Teleconsultation was satisfactory for 84%, for 12% it was just satisfactory: They were from urban area & educated, on the other extreme 4% women were highly satisfied: They were from rural area & illiterate. Irrespective of socioeconomic status we got calls. Patients’ views on telemedicine were - Asset for gaining confidence (72%), Useful for themselves & family members (10%), excellent for clearing apprehension and anxiety (8%), wanted multiple counselling sessions through out pregnancy (6%) and could avoid issues related to high risk pregnancy (4%). On the whole, majority ( 94%) of them expressed that examination part was missing and they were still worried about baby. CONCLUSIONS Though the traditional approach was missing, telemedicine was good for antenatal women on the whole for better communication with the doctors in the lockdown period due to covid 19 pandemic.
{"title":"The Perception of Telemedicine as a Consultation Method by Antenatal Women in a Covid 19 Pandemic","authors":"Vijaya Sree Medarametla, Garapati Meghana Choudary","doi":"10.14260/jemds.v12i7.441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14260/jemds.v12i7.441","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND \u0000Covid 19 is a pandemic which created anxiety especially among the antenatal women regarding their health and the fetus in the womb. During the lockdown period this apprehension doubled and we had to use telemedicine as a tool for clearing their queries. We wanted to assess the perception of telemedicine as a consultation method by antenatal women in a covid 19 pandemic. \u0000METHODS \u0000It was a cross sectional study involving 100 antenatal women conducted in 2019 for over three months. The telephonic consultation was done and counseled them regarding nutrition, covid prevention, warning signs and high risk factors where she has to report to the hospital immediately. Feedback on their perception was obtained by Likert scale and analysed. \u0000RESULTS \u0000A majority of antenatal women (92%) opined that telemedicine was useful for clearing their queries. They felt that it should be integrated on regular basis and done continuosly. All 100 women were asked the same questions. Teleconsultation was satisfactory for 84%, for 12% it was just satisfactory: They were from urban area & educated, on the other extreme 4% women were highly satisfied: They were from rural area & illiterate. Irrespective of socioeconomic status we got calls. Patients’ views on telemedicine were - Asset for gaining confidence (72%), Useful for themselves & family members (10%), excellent for clearing apprehension and anxiety (8%), wanted multiple counselling sessions through out pregnancy (6%) and could avoid issues related to high risk pregnancy (4%). On the whole, majority ( 94%) of them expressed that examination part was missing and they were still worried about baby. \u0000CONCLUSIONS \u0000Though the traditional approach was missing, telemedicine was good for antenatal women on the whole for better communication with the doctors in the lockdown period due to covid 19 pandemic.","PeriodicalId":47072,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences-JEMDS","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45470585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.14260/jemds.v12i7.444
Rajalakshmi Kandasamy Venkatraju, Boopathy Rajan Padmanabhan, Bathragiri Marasamy
BACKGROUND Dengue is a tropical disease which is a major cause of preventable mortality. It is essential to identify people who are at risk for progression to dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. Hence the search for an optimal biomarker which can identify patients at risk of progression to severe dengue is on. Some studies have indicated hypolipidemia to be a marker for the identification of critically ill patients. This study intended to find out the relationship between fasting lipid profile and dengue mortality and morbidity. METHODS This was a comparative cross-sectional study conducted for 1 year at a Government hospital setup with a sample size of 132. RESULTS Out of the 132 patients, all patients had bleeding manifestations ranging from purpuric rashes to melena. 92 patients had capillary leak syndrome and 52 patients developed shock. Most of the patients who developed bleeding manifestations, capillary leakage and shock were found to have hypocholestrolemia and HDL<50mg/dl. CONCLUSIONS It can be concluded that serum fasting lipid profile is an easily accessible and affordable indicator for early identification of patients at risk of progression to severe dengue.
{"title":"Fasting Lipid Profile as a Predictor of Mortality and Morbidity in Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever","authors":"Rajalakshmi Kandasamy Venkatraju, Boopathy Rajan Padmanabhan, Bathragiri Marasamy","doi":"10.14260/jemds.v12i7.444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14260/jemds.v12i7.444","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND \u0000Dengue is a tropical disease which is a major cause of preventable mortality. It is essential to identify people who are at risk for progression to dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. Hence the search for an optimal biomarker which can identify patients at risk of progression to severe dengue is on. Some studies have indicated hypolipidemia to be a marker for the identification of critically ill patients. This study intended to find out the relationship between fasting lipid profile and dengue mortality and morbidity. \u0000METHODS \u0000This was a comparative cross-sectional study conducted for 1 year at a Government hospital setup with a sample size of 132. \u0000RESULTS \u0000Out of the 132 patients, all patients had bleeding manifestations ranging from purpuric rashes to melena. 92 patients had capillary leak syndrome and 52 patients developed shock. Most of the patients who developed bleeding manifestations, capillary leakage and shock were found to have hypocholestrolemia and HDL<50mg/dl. \u0000CONCLUSIONS \u0000It can be concluded that serum fasting lipid profile is an easily accessible and affordable indicator for early identification of patients at risk of progression to severe dengue.","PeriodicalId":47072,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences-JEMDS","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48612661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.14260/jemds.v12i7.447
Amandeep Kaur, Deepak Gupta
Evolution has led to craniofacial and dental variations in homosapiens and members of the animal kingdom as a means to adapt to the changing dietary and environmental factors. It is established that brain size and bipedal posture have contributed to the evolution of the masticatory complex and speech. Animals' evolutionary progress is influenced by structural inheritance and functional adaptations. A major shift in the skull, jaw and dentition has been the transformation from a grinding-shearing dentition to a relatively horizontal and forward shearing. The species of elephants currently present are the only remaining representations of the previous order Proboscidea that originated in Africa and Arabia. The aim of the present short communication is to highlight the evolution of the oral cavity and its impact on human evolution.
{"title":"Appearances Can Be Deceptive!","authors":"Amandeep Kaur, Deepak Gupta","doi":"10.14260/jemds.v12i7.447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14260/jemds.v12i7.447","url":null,"abstract":"Evolution has led to craniofacial and dental variations in homosapiens and members of the animal kingdom as a means to adapt to the changing dietary and environmental factors. It is established that brain size and bipedal posture have contributed to the evolution of the masticatory complex and speech. Animals' evolutionary progress is influenced by structural inheritance and functional adaptations. A major shift in the skull, jaw and dentition has been the transformation from a grinding-shearing dentition to a relatively horizontal and forward shearing. The species of elephants currently present are the only remaining representations of the previous order Proboscidea that originated in Africa and Arabia. The aim of the present short communication is to highlight the evolution of the oral cavity and its impact on human evolution.","PeriodicalId":47072,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences-JEMDS","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45808668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A 56-year-old female patient reported to the Department of Prosthodontics for the replacement of right eye. The patient gave a history of covid 1.5 years back and was diagnosed with diabetes for which she was prescribed oral antidiabetic drugs. The patient was apparently alright for 1-year post-covid treatment, after which she noted swelling around the right eye with gradual loss of vision and loss of movement of the right eyeball. It was diagnosed as post-covid acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis. The patient underwent exenteration for the same. On examination, an orbital defect was noted, measuring 3.7cm mediolaterally, 3.5 cm superoinferiorly and with depth of 3.6 cm (measured at deepest point). The floor of the defect was completely healed with no signs of inflammation/ bleeding/ pus discharge, and with mild scarring at the base [Figure 1]. Patient’s written consent was obtained for the use of original photographs for publication.
{"title":"Rehabilitation of a Post-Covid Rhinosinusitis Patient with Exenterated Orbital Defect Using a Self-Retained Silicone Prosthesis - A Case Report","authors":"Shivangi Agarwal, Vishwas Kharsan, Pronoy Mukhopadhyay","doi":"10.14260/jemds.v12i7.446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14260/jemds.v12i7.446","url":null,"abstract":"A 56-year-old female patient reported to the Department of Prosthodontics for the replacement of right eye. The patient gave a history of covid 1.5 years back and was diagnosed with diabetes for which she was prescribed oral antidiabetic drugs. The patient was apparently alright for 1-year post-covid treatment, after which she noted swelling around the right eye with gradual loss of vision and loss of movement of the right eyeball. It was diagnosed as post-covid acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis. The patient underwent exenteration for the same. \u0000On examination, an orbital defect was noted, measuring 3.7cm mediolaterally, 3.5 cm superoinferiorly and with depth of 3.6 cm (measured at deepest point). The floor of the defect was completely healed with no signs of inflammation/ bleeding/ pus discharge, and with mild scarring at the base [Figure 1]. Patient’s written consent was obtained for the use of original photographs for publication.","PeriodicalId":47072,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences-JEMDS","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47011305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.14260/jemds.v12i7.442
Sharanya Sira Nagaraj, Shetty Niharika Krishna
BACKGROUND This study was conducted to evaluate the serum lipid profile in different grades of POAG patients and describe the demographic profile of POAG patients. METHODS This was a hospital based observational study comprising of 80 eyes of 40 POAG patients who visited OPD in the Department of Ophthalmology, Adichunchanagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, B.G. Nagara, Mandya District, over a period of 18 months from March 2021 to August 2022 after obtaining clearance from the institutional ethics committee and written informed consent from the study participants. RESULTS Of the 40 study participants, males constituted 62.5% (n=25) and females 32.5% (n=13) in the age group of 70 to 80 years 30% of patients had normal vision; the rest had visual impairments ranging from mild to total blindness. High cholesterol levels were present in 27.5% (n=11), high triglyceride in 42.5% (n=17), low HDL levels were present in 40% (n=16), High LDL levels were observed among 30% (n=12) of participants and high VLDL in 57.5% (n=23). The differences in the distribution of different grades of POAG with respect to different levels of total cholesterol and LDL were not significant, with p-values of 0.202 and 0.123 respectively. However, it was statistically significant for low HDL, high triglycerides and high VLDL with p value of 0.004, 0.05 and 0.017 respectively. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, this observational study discovered that there is a significant relationship between dyslipidaemia to POAG. Low levels of HDL, high triglycerides, and high VLDL have a significant relationship (p<0.05) to the occurrence of POAG. This lends credence to the idea that abnormal lipid levels increase the likelihood of developing glaucoma.
{"title":"Serum Lipid Profile among Primary Open Angle Glaucoma Patients in a Rural Tertiary Care Hospital","authors":"Sharanya Sira Nagaraj, Shetty Niharika Krishna","doi":"10.14260/jemds.v12i7.442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14260/jemds.v12i7.442","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND \u0000This study was conducted to evaluate the serum lipid profile in different grades of POAG patients and describe the demographic profile of POAG patients. \u0000METHODS \u0000This was a hospital based observational study comprising of 80 eyes of 40 POAG patients who visited OPD in the Department of Ophthalmology, Adichunchanagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, B.G. Nagara, Mandya District, over a period of 18 months from March 2021 to August 2022 after obtaining clearance from the institutional ethics committee and written informed consent from the study participants. \u0000RESULTS \u0000Of the 40 study participants, males constituted 62.5% (n=25) and females 32.5% (n=13) in the age group of 70 to 80 years 30% of patients had normal vision; the rest had visual impairments ranging from mild to total blindness. High cholesterol levels were present in 27.5% (n=11), high triglyceride in 42.5% (n=17), low HDL levels were present in 40% (n=16), High LDL levels were observed among 30% (n=12) of participants and high VLDL in 57.5% (n=23). The differences in the distribution of different grades of POAG with respect to different levels of total cholesterol and LDL were not significant, with p-values of 0.202 and 0.123 respectively. However, it was statistically significant for low HDL, high triglycerides and high VLDL with p value of 0.004, 0.05 and 0.017 respectively. \u0000CONCLUSIONS \u0000In conclusion, this observational study discovered that there is a significant relationship between dyslipidaemia to POAG. Low levels of HDL, high triglycerides, and high VLDL have a significant relationship (p<0.05) to the occurrence of POAG. This lends credence to the idea that abnormal lipid levels increase the likelihood of developing glaucoma.","PeriodicalId":47072,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences-JEMDS","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42326406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.14260/jemds.v12i6.428
Mohd Altaf Dar, Mudasir Maqbool, Irfat Ara
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common disease that causes high blood sugar levels and a wide range of symptoms, including polydipsia, polyuria, and changes in weight. The A1C level is very important when it comes to the main treatment for diabetes. It's called the A1C level because it shows the average blood glucose level over the last two to three months. People with diabetes are treated with lifestyle changes and a combination of pharmacological agents to keep their blood sugar levels in check for a long time. The objective of this study was to evaluate the information about Metformin and other Sulfonylureas for Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetic Patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Jammu & Kashmir. METHODS A 4 month-long observational study was set up with a prospective design and a convenient sampling method. From a diabetes clinic in Jammu and Kashmir, 200 people were chosen to be part of the study. People between the ages of 20 and 60 who had diabetes and were taking Metformin and Sulfonylureas were included in this study. People who had Retinopathy, Nephropathy, and Cognitive impairment were not included. RESULTS In our study, 34 percent of the people who went to the Diabetic Management Center of the hospital were men, and 66 percent were women. Out of 200 patients, 85 percent of them had time to exercise, 56 percent had diabetes because it ran in their families, and 44 percent had diabetes because of metabolic causes. Metformin was given to about 80% of the patients, and sulfonylureas were used by only 20% of the people. In a very bad situation, out of 50 people who took the survey, only 5% used insulin. HbA1C tests were ordered for 90% of the patients in the group of 200. CONCLUSIONS All over the world, people are suffering from type II diabetes. Several other metabolic disorders are linked to type II diabetes. Excessive hepatic glucose generation, peripheral insulin resistance, and impaired beta-cell secretory activity are the primary pathological abnormalities in diabetes. When it comes to glycemic control, Metformin does not raise insulin levels, but it does reduce the amount of glucose absorbed from the intestines. Sulfonylureas reduce hypoglycemia in metabolic disorders.
{"title":"Metformin and Other Sulfonylureas for Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetic Patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Jammu & Kashmir","authors":"Mohd Altaf Dar, Mudasir Maqbool, Irfat Ara","doi":"10.14260/jemds.v12i6.428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14260/jemds.v12i6.428","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND \u0000Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common disease that causes high blood sugar levels and a wide range of symptoms, including polydipsia, polyuria, and changes in weight. The A1C level is very important when it comes to the main treatment for diabetes. It's called the A1C level because it shows the average blood glucose level over the last two to three months. People with diabetes are treated with lifestyle changes and a combination of pharmacological agents to keep their blood sugar levels in check for a long time. The objective of this study was to evaluate the information about Metformin and other Sulfonylureas for Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetic Patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Jammu & Kashmir. \u0000METHODS \u0000A 4 month-long observational study was set up with a prospective design and a convenient sampling method. From a diabetes clinic in Jammu and Kashmir, 200 people were chosen to be part of the study. People between the ages of 20 and 60 who had diabetes and were taking Metformin and Sulfonylureas were included in this study. People who had Retinopathy, Nephropathy, and Cognitive impairment were not included. \u0000RESULTS \u0000In our study, 34 percent of the people who went to the Diabetic Management Center of the hospital were men, and 66 percent were women. Out of 200 patients, 85 percent of them had time to exercise, 56 percent had diabetes because it ran in their families, and 44 percent had diabetes because of metabolic causes. Metformin was given to about 80% of the patients, and sulfonylureas were used by only 20% of the people. In a very bad situation, out of 50 people who took the survey, only 5% used insulin. HbA1C tests were ordered for 90% of the patients in the group of 200. \u0000CONCLUSIONS \u0000All over the world, people are suffering from type II diabetes. Several other metabolic disorders are linked to type II diabetes. Excessive hepatic glucose generation, peripheral insulin resistance, and impaired beta-cell secretory activity are the primary pathological abnormalities in diabetes. When it comes to glycemic control, Metformin does not raise insulin levels, but it does reduce the amount of glucose absorbed from the intestines. Sulfonylureas reduce hypoglycemia in metabolic disorders.","PeriodicalId":47072,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences-JEMDS","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46494348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.14260/jemds.v12i6.423
Mohd Altaf Dar, Mudasir Maqbool, Irfat Ara
BACKGROUND World population growth, pollution and overcrowding have all contributed to an increase in respiratory infections. Antibiotic resistant virulent bacteria are on the rise, and they're spreading quickly. As a general rule, lower respiratory tract infections cause only minor symptoms but can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. Improvements in public and professional awareness of the long-term nature of many LRTIs could lead to better antibiotic stewardship. The objective of the study was to assess the prescription pattern of antibiotics in patients in a pulmonary ward of a tertiary care hospital, Jammu and Kashmir. METHODS A six-month prospective observational study in a pulmonary ward of a tertiary care hospital in Jammu and Kashmir looked at antibiotic use patterns in a single location. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 355 patients were considered for evaluation. Asthma, bronchitis, pneumonia, chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD), and acute respiratory infections such as the common cold and pharyngitis were all included in the study. RESULTS In our study, 230 (64.79%) of the 355 patients were males, while 125 (35.21%) were females. Pulmonary Tuberculosis had the highest number of cases observed (157 patients, 44.22 percent), followed by COPD 91 patients (25.63 percent), pneumonia 46 patients (12.95 percent), Pleural effusion cases 43 patients (12.11 percent), and Bronchiectasis cases 18 patients (5.07 percent). The findings revealed that the most commonly prescribed antibiotics were Cephalosporins, Macrolides, Metronidazole, Penicillins, Aminoglycosides, Doxycycline, Fluoroquinolones, and finally Carbapenems. CONCLUSIONS Globally, respiratory illnesses are on the rise due to a growth in population, pollution, urbanization and overcrowding. There is a rapid increase in the number of multi-drug-resistant pathogenic bacteria. However, lower respiratory tract infections can cause severe morbidity and mortality if left untreated. Understanding and judicious use of antibiotics may be improved if more people are aware of the long-term nature of LRTIs. In order to understand the dangers and advantages of antibiotic treatment, further research is needed. There is a risk that the use of antibiotics for minor viral respiratory infections could lead to the development of antibiotic-resistant viruses in the community.
{"title":"Prescription Pattern of Antibiotics in Pulmonary Ward of a Tertiary Care Hospital, Jammu and Kashmir","authors":"Mohd Altaf Dar, Mudasir Maqbool, Irfat Ara","doi":"10.14260/jemds.v12i6.423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14260/jemds.v12i6.423","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND \u0000World population growth, pollution and overcrowding have all contributed to an increase in respiratory infections. Antibiotic resistant virulent bacteria are on the rise, and they're spreading quickly. As a general rule, lower respiratory tract infections cause only minor symptoms but can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. Improvements in public and professional awareness of the long-term nature of many LRTIs could lead to better antibiotic stewardship. The objective of the study was to assess the prescription pattern of antibiotics in patients in a pulmonary ward of a tertiary care hospital, Jammu and Kashmir. \u0000METHODS \u0000A six-month prospective observational study in a pulmonary ward of a tertiary care hospital in Jammu and Kashmir looked at antibiotic use patterns in a single location. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 355 patients were considered for evaluation. Asthma, bronchitis, pneumonia, chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD), and acute respiratory infections such as the common cold and pharyngitis were all included in the study. \u0000RESULTS \u0000In our study, 230 (64.79%) of the 355 patients were males, while 125 (35.21%) were females. Pulmonary Tuberculosis had the highest number of cases observed (157 patients, 44.22 percent), followed by COPD 91 patients (25.63 percent), pneumonia 46 patients (12.95 percent), Pleural effusion cases 43 patients (12.11 percent), and Bronchiectasis cases 18 patients (5.07 percent). The findings revealed that the most commonly prescribed antibiotics were Cephalosporins, Macrolides, Metronidazole, Penicillins, Aminoglycosides, Doxycycline, Fluoroquinolones, and finally Carbapenems. \u0000CONCLUSIONS \u0000Globally, respiratory illnesses are on the rise due to a growth in population, pollution, urbanization and overcrowding. There is a rapid increase in the number of multi-drug-resistant pathogenic bacteria. However, lower respiratory tract infections can cause severe morbidity and mortality if left untreated. Understanding and judicious use of antibiotics may be improved if more people are aware of the long-term nature of LRTIs. In order to understand the dangers and advantages of antibiotic treatment, further research is needed. There is a risk that the use of antibiotics for minor viral respiratory infections could lead to the development of antibiotic-resistant viruses in the community.","PeriodicalId":47072,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences-JEMDS","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42640602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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