Xi Jinping’s ascent to power as Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) was accompanied by changes in national governance strategies in the People’s Republic of China (PRC) that have progressively incorporated the use of big data. Shortly after, in May 2015, the Chinese State Council released a set of policy reforms under the abbreviation fang guan fu 放管服 (decentralise, manage, and service). These reforms promoted big data led (1) market regulation, (2) supervision and management systems, and (3) service provision processes. By applying a case study analytical approach, this paper explores how advancements in big data contributed to these reforms aimed at centralising information in China. Combining the joint knowledge of surveillance and China studies scholarship, this paper offers evidence of big data surveillance streamlining China’s fragmented intergovernmental policy system. We build on David Murakami Wood’s 2017 outline of a political theory of surveillance and argue that decentralisation of data collection points and centralisation of both bureaucratic and public access to information are key components of the Party-state’s regulatory governance strategy incorporating the use of big data and comprehensive surveillance. Our findings have implications for future analyses of the relationship between political organisations and surveillance within other nation-state contexts, particularly in situations where Chinese technologies and systems are being adopted and adapted.
{"title":"Decentralising Data Collection and Centralising Information in the People’s Republic of China: Decentralise, Manage, and Service Reforms","authors":"Alexander Trauth-Goik, Ausma Bernotaite","doi":"10.24908/ss.v19i4.14371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24908/ss.v19i4.14371","url":null,"abstract":"Xi Jinping’s ascent to power as Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) was accompanied by changes in national governance strategies in the People’s Republic of China (PRC) that have progressively incorporated the use of big data. Shortly after, in May 2015, the Chinese State Council released a set of policy reforms under the abbreviation fang guan fu 放管服 (decentralise, manage, and service). These reforms promoted big data led (1) market regulation, (2) supervision and management systems, and (3) service provision processes. By applying a case study analytical approach, this paper explores how advancements in big data contributed to these reforms aimed at centralising information in China. Combining the joint knowledge of surveillance and China studies scholarship, this paper offers evidence of big data surveillance streamlining China’s fragmented intergovernmental policy system. We build on David Murakami Wood’s 2017 outline of a political theory of surveillance and argue that decentralisation of data collection points and centralisation of both bureaucratic and public access to information are key components of the Party-state’s regulatory governance strategy incorporating the use of big data and comprehensive surveillance. Our findings have implications for future analyses of the relationship between political organisations and surveillance within other nation-state contexts, particularly in situations where Chinese technologies and systems are being adopted and adapted.","PeriodicalId":47078,"journal":{"name":"Surveillance & Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47579974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This story underlines the high-tech preventive immigration policies and imagines a future where the digital European borders are extended beyond their geographical locations to tackle the “refugee problem” at its origin. The story depicts the contrast between the harsh reality of people fleeing war, terrorism, and patriarchy and the tremendous technological investment to restrain their movement. This piece has been written at a truly unsettling time, as the world is silently watching the demolishment of the women’s movement’s achievements in Afghanistan after twenty years of waging a fruitless war. By describing an encounter between a border robot and a refugee, this story turns our gaze from a problem to a human and unveils the brutality of immigration datafication—reducing wounded bodies and souls to biometric specificities.
{"title":"01110011 01101111 01110011","authors":"Azadeh Akbari","doi":"10.24908/ss.v19i4.15123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24908/ss.v19i4.15123","url":null,"abstract":"This story underlines the high-tech preventive immigration policies and imagines a future where the digital European borders are extended beyond their geographical locations to tackle the “refugee problem” at its origin. The story depicts the contrast between the harsh reality of people fleeing war, terrorism, and patriarchy and the tremendous technological investment to restrain their movement. This piece has been written at a truly unsettling time, as the world is silently watching the demolishment of the women’s movement’s achievements in Afghanistan after twenty years of waging a fruitless war. By describing an encounter between a border robot and a refugee, this story turns our gaze from a problem to a human and unveils the brutality of immigration datafication—reducing wounded bodies and souls to biometric specificities.","PeriodicalId":47078,"journal":{"name":"Surveillance & Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45333669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The APAIC Report on the Holocode Crisis is a short story that imagines the future of machine-readable data encodings. In this story, I speculate about the next stage in the development of data encoding patterns: after barcodes and QR codes, the invention of “holocodes” will make it possible to store unprecedented amounts of data in a minuscule physical surface. As a collage of nested fictional materials (including ethnographic fieldnotes, interview transcripts, OCR scans, and intelligence reports) this story builds on the historical role of barcodes in supporting consumer logistics and the ongoing deployment of QR codes as anchors for the platform economy, concluding that the geopolitical future of optical governance is tied to unassuming technical standards such as those formalizing machine-readable representations of data.
{"title":"APAIC Report on the Holocode Crisis","authors":"G. de Seta","doi":"10.24908/ss.v19i4.15154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24908/ss.v19i4.15154","url":null,"abstract":"The APAIC Report on the Holocode Crisis is a short story that imagines the future of machine-readable data encodings. In this story, I speculate about the next stage in the development of data encoding patterns: after barcodes and QR codes, the invention of “holocodes” will make it possible to store unprecedented amounts of data in a minuscule physical surface. As a collage of nested fictional materials (including ethnographic fieldnotes, interview transcripts, OCR scans, and intelligence reports) this story builds on the historical role of barcodes in supporting consumer logistics and the ongoing deployment of QR codes as anchors for the platform economy, concluding that the geopolitical future of optical governance is tied to unassuming technical standards such as those formalizing machine-readable representations of data.","PeriodicalId":47078,"journal":{"name":"Surveillance & Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46037074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This creative work engages in experiential and autoethnographically informed narratives that trace my lived encounters as a Thai American during COVID-19.
{"title":"Asian Embodiment as Victim and Survivor: Surveillance, Racism, and Race during COVID","authors":"J. Korn","doi":"10.24908/ss.v19i4.15107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24908/ss.v19i4.15107","url":null,"abstract":"This creative work engages in experiential and autoethnographically informed narratives that trace my lived encounters as a Thai American during COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":47078,"journal":{"name":"Surveillance & Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43639592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review of Sarat, Douglas, and Umphrey’s Law and the Visible","authors":"Constantine Gidaris","doi":"10.24908/ss.v19i4.15065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24908/ss.v19i4.15065","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47078,"journal":{"name":"Surveillance & Society","volume":"24 24","pages":"554-556"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138504093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
"An Unbreakable Bond" is the fictional story of Alice and her mother, and the everlasting bond between them made possible by the CNCT microchips. Their story is an exploration of a future in which surveillance plays a central role in human relationships by subverting our understanding of how we might communicate with those we love the most. The story of Alice and her mother will take us on a journey of a technological invasion into the closest relationships in our lives, into a world where individuals are both surveilling and being surveilled. It is also a story about an opaque ecosystem of public/private partnerships which begs the question: to whom do you turn to when something goes wrong?
{"title":"An Unbreakable Bond","authors":"Bianca-Ioana Marcu","doi":"10.24908/ss.v19i4.15094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24908/ss.v19i4.15094","url":null,"abstract":"\"An Unbreakable Bond\" is the fictional story of Alice and her mother, and the everlasting bond between them made possible by the CNCT microchips. Their story is an exploration of a future in which surveillance plays a central role in human relationships by subverting our understanding of how we might communicate with those we love the most. The story of Alice and her mother will take us on a journey of a technological invasion into the closest relationships in our lives, into a world where individuals are both surveilling and being surveilled. It is also a story about an opaque ecosystem of public/private partnerships which begs the question: to whom do you turn to when something goes wrong?","PeriodicalId":47078,"journal":{"name":"Surveillance & Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43689360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review of Anon Collective’s Book of Anonymity","authors":"Robert Thornton-Lee","doi":"10.24908/ss.v19i4.15174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24908/ss.v19i4.15174","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47078,"journal":{"name":"Surveillance & Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46023261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This is a coming-of-age of story of a child born and raised in a post-AI society.
这是一个在后人工智能社会中出生和长大的孩子的成长故事。
{"title":"The Two Ring Test: The Unbearable Predictability of Artificial Intelligence","authors":"Priyanka Khandelwal","doi":"10.24908/ss.v19i4.15127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24908/ss.v19i4.15127","url":null,"abstract":"This is a coming-of-age of story of a child born and raised in a post-AI society.","PeriodicalId":47078,"journal":{"name":"Surveillance & Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44099597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this short speculation, I imagine a future forest that has been disturbed by invasive species, a changing climate, and engineered plant sensors. By staging this encounter between a wandering hiker, who never quite realizes that he is being watched, and MetaBee™ #21783, a drone that watches over nanobionic spinach, I feel out the strangeness of this burgeoning mode of surveillance. In my own research, I term this operationalization of pollinator-plant relations, in which drones harvest information from engineered plants instead of pollen, a “vital informatics.” That is to say, I argue that current military research into nanobionic and genetically engineered plants constitutes a living information science that integrates organic systems into data collection, storage, and processing.
{"title":"The Field of Vegetable Operations","authors":"Henry Osman","doi":"10.24908/ss.v19i4.15125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24908/ss.v19i4.15125","url":null,"abstract":"In this short speculation, I imagine a future forest that has been disturbed by invasive species, a changing climate, and engineered plant sensors. By staging this encounter between a wandering hiker, who never quite realizes that he is being watched, and MetaBee™ #21783, a drone that watches over nanobionic spinach, I feel out the strangeness of this burgeoning mode of surveillance. In my own research, I term this operationalization of pollinator-plant relations, in which drones harvest information from engineered plants instead of pollen, a “vital informatics.” That is to say, I argue that current military research into nanobionic and genetically engineered plants constitutes a living information science that integrates organic systems into data collection, storage, and processing.","PeriodicalId":47078,"journal":{"name":"Surveillance & Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46858380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review of Robertson’s The Filing Cabinet: A Vertical History of Information","authors":"Monika Lemke","doi":"10.24908/ss.v19i3.15035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24908/ss.v19i3.15035","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47078,"journal":{"name":"Surveillance & Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44873556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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