Wasiu O Garuba, Adebayo L Adedeji, Kamoru A Adedokun, Olubunmi G Ayelagbe, Idris N Abdullahi, Ibrahim Munirudeen
Objective: This study investigates the role of Apoptotic Protease Activating Factor-1 (APAF-1) in CD4+ cell depletion among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients.
Materials and methods: This is a cross-sectional study in which 105 participants were enrolled, including 60 confirmed HIV-positive patients and 45 HIV-negative controls. HIV-positive patients were further divided based on CD4+ cell counts: Group 1 (<200), Group 2 (200-499), and Group 3 (≥500). An enzyme-linked immunoassay was used to measure APAF-1 levels, and CD4+ T-cell counts were enumerated using a Cyflow counter. Independent student's t-test, Kruskal-Wallis, and Spearman's correlation were utilized as needed.
Results: Results showed significant reductions in lymphocytes, platelets, red blood cells, hemoglobin, albumin, and CD4+ cell values among HIV-infected individuals compared to controls. Conversely, APAF-1 and total protein levels were elevated in HIV-positive patients. Among HIV-positive groups, those with CD4+ cell counts <200 exhibited the highest median serum APAF-1 concentration. However, these differences were not statistically significant when compared with the other seropositive groups with CD4+ cell counts between 200 and 499 (P = 0.6726) and CD4+ cell counts of 500 or greater (P = 0.4325). The control group had the lowest median SAPAF-1 concentration, significantly different from HIV-positive groups. Positive correlations were observed between CD4+ counts and lymphocytes, hemoglobin, and hypoalbuminemia, while negative correlations were found between these parameters and APAF-1 levels.
Conclusion: APAF-1 is a host factor that potentially contributes to CD4+ cell depletion. Similarly, APAF-1, serum total protein, and albumin levels were found to be predictive of disease progression and could serve as valuable diagnostic biomarkers in the monitoring of HIV/AIDS.
研究目的本研究探讨了凋亡蛋白酶激活因子-1(APAF-1)在人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)患者 CD4+ 细胞耗竭中的作用:这是一项横断面研究,共招募了 105 名参与者,其中包括 60 名确诊的 HIV 阳性患者和 45 名 HIV 阴性对照者。根据 CD4+ 细胞计数,HIV 阳性患者被进一步分为以下几组:根据需要采用 t 检验、Kruskal-Wallis 检验和 Spearman 相关性检验:结果显示,与对照组相比,艾滋病病毒感染者的淋巴细胞、血小板、红细胞、血红蛋白、白蛋白和 CD4+ 细胞值明显下降。相反,HIV 阳性患者的 APAF-1 和总蛋白水平升高。在 HIV 阳性组中,CD4+细胞计数为 500 或更高者(P = 0.6726)和 CD4+ 细胞计数为 500 或更高者(P = 0.4325)。对照组的 SAPAF-1 中位浓度最低,与 HIV 阳性组明显不同。CD4+细胞计数与淋巴细胞、血红蛋白和低白蛋白血症之间呈正相关,而这些参数与APAF-1水平之间呈负相关:结论:APAF-1是可能导致CD4+细胞耗竭的宿主因素。结论:APAF-1 是一种宿主因素,可能会导致 CD4+ 细胞耗竭,同样,APAF-1、血清总蛋白和白蛋白水平也可预测疾病的进展,可作为监测艾滋病毒/艾滋病的重要诊断生物标志物。
{"title":"Role of apoptotic protease activating factor-1 in CD4+ depletion during HIV progression.","authors":"Wasiu O Garuba, Adebayo L Adedeji, Kamoru A Adedokun, Olubunmi G Ayelagbe, Idris N Abdullahi, Ibrahim Munirudeen","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study investigates the role of Apoptotic Protease Activating Factor-1 (APAF-1) in CD4+ cell depletion among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This is a cross-sectional study in which 105 participants were enrolled, including 60 confirmed HIV-positive patients and 45 HIV-negative controls. HIV-positive patients were further divided based on CD4+ cell counts: Group 1 (<200), Group 2 (200-499), and Group 3 (≥500). An enzyme-linked immunoassay was used to measure APAF-1 levels, and CD4+ T-cell counts were enumerated using a Cyflow counter. Independent student's <i>t</i>-test, Kruskal-Wallis, and Spearman's correlation were utilized as needed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results showed significant reductions in lymphocytes, platelets, red blood cells, hemoglobin, albumin, and CD4+ cell values among HIV-infected individuals compared to controls. Conversely, APAF-1 and total protein levels were elevated in HIV-positive patients. Among HIV-positive groups, those with CD4+ cell counts <200 exhibited the highest median serum APAF-1 concentration. However, these differences were not statistically significant when compared with the other seropositive groups with CD4+ cell counts between 200 and 499 (<i>P</i> = 0.6726) and CD4+ cell counts of 500 or greater (<i>P</i> = 0.4325). The control group had the lowest median SAPAF-1 concentration, significantly different from HIV-positive groups. Positive correlations were observed between CD4+ counts and lymphocytes, hemoglobin, and hypoalbuminemia, while negative correlations were found between these parameters and APAF-1 levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>APAF-1 is a host factor that potentially contributes to CD4+ cell depletion. Similarly, APAF-1, serum total protein, and albumin levels were found to be predictive of disease progression and could serve as valuable diagnostic biomarkers in the monitoring of HIV/AIDS.</p>","PeriodicalId":47093,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health Sciences-IJHS","volume":"18 3","pages":"30-38"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11075444/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140890586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abdel-Naser M Emam, Karim-Eldin Ibrahim Ahmed, Adel M Shaaban, Mohammad Abdullah Alqhtani, Mohammed M Gad, Mohamed Ahmed Helal
Objectives: Reinforcement of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) denture base resins (DBRs) with inorganic fillers with superior properties and accepted aesthetics are favored and still a big dilemma. This study was undertaken to evaluate the color change, flexural strength, and modulus of elasticity of heat-polymerized DBR material modified with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and zirconium dioxide nanoparticles (ZNPs).
Methods: Sixty acrylic specimens (30/color test, 30/flexural properties) were fabricated and divided according to nanoparticles type and addition into 3 groups (n = 10). Group-I; unmodified specimens, Group-II; modified specimens with 0.5wt% AgNPs (PMMA/AgNPs), and Group-III; modified specimens with 7.5wt% ZNPs (PMMA/ZNPs). Disc-shape (20 × 3 mm) and bar-shape (65 × 10 × 2.5 mm) specimens were fabricated for color and flexural properties, respectively. The spectrophotometer was used for evaluation of the color change (∆E). The flexural strength and elastic modulus evaluation was carried out using a 3-point bending test (5 mm/min). Tukey's post hoc and one-way ANOVA were used to analyze the data at a significant level P ≤ 0.05.
Results: PMMA/AgNPs group exhibited a significant increase in color change when compared with PMMA/ZNPs. PMMA/ZNPs showed significantly the highest flexural strength value when compared with unmodified and PMMA/AgNPs groups (P < 0.001), however, there was an absence of significant differences in terms of flexural strength values between PMMA/AgNPs and unmodified groups (P > 0.05). PMMA/AgNPs insignificantly increased its modulus of elasticity strength (P = 0.09410) while PMMA/ZNPs significantly increased its modulus of elasticity strength (P = 0.00396).
Conclusion: The AgNPs and ZNPs addition to PMMA increased the color change and AgNPs change the color of DBRs. The flexural attributes of DBRs have been increased by ZNPs.
{"title":"Color and flexural properties of nanoparticles-modified denture base resin: An <i>in vitro</i> comparative study.","authors":"Abdel-Naser M Emam, Karim-Eldin Ibrahim Ahmed, Adel M Shaaban, Mohammad Abdullah Alqhtani, Mohammed M Gad, Mohamed Ahmed Helal","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Reinforcement of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) denture base resins (DBRs) with inorganic fillers with superior properties and accepted aesthetics are favored and still a big dilemma. This study was undertaken to evaluate the color change, flexural strength, and modulus of elasticity of heat-polymerized DBR material modified with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and zirconium dioxide nanoparticles (ZNPs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixty acrylic specimens (30/color test, 30/flexural properties) were fabricated and divided according to nanoparticles type and addition into 3 groups (<i>n</i> = 10). Group-I; unmodified specimens, Group-II; modified specimens with 0.5wt% AgNPs (PMMA/AgNPs), and Group-III; modified specimens with 7.5wt% ZNPs (PMMA/ZNPs). Disc-shape (20 × 3 mm) and bar-shape (65 × 10 × 2.5 mm) specimens were fabricated for color and flexural properties, respectively. The spectrophotometer was used for evaluation of the color change (∆E). The flexural strength and elastic modulus evaluation was carried out using a 3-point bending test (5 mm/min). Tukey's <i>post hoc</i> and one-way ANOVA were used to analyze the data at a significant level <i>P</i> ≤ 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PMMA/AgNPs group exhibited a significant increase in color change when compared with PMMA/ZNPs. PMMA/ZNPs showed significantly the highest flexural strength value when compared with unmodified and PMMA/AgNPs groups (<i>P</i> < 0.001), however, there was an absence of significant differences in terms of flexural strength values between PMMA/AgNPs and unmodified groups (<i>P</i> > 0.05). PMMA/AgNPs insignificantly increased its modulus of elasticity strength (<i>P</i> = 0.09410) while PMMA/ZNPs significantly increased its modulus of elasticity strength (<i>P</i> = 0.00396).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The AgNPs and ZNPs addition to PMMA increased the color change and AgNPs change the color of DBRs. The flexural attributes of DBRs have been increased by ZNPs.</p>","PeriodicalId":47093,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health Sciences-IJHS","volume":"18 3","pages":"23-29"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11075442/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140892848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rasha A Mansouri, Huda F Alshaibi, May M Alqurashi, Maimoonah M Shaikh, Khulud A Bahaidrah, Noor A Alzahrani
Objectives: Given the adverse effect of liver injury on a multitude of body functions, it is vital to understand its underlying mechanism and how to overcome it. In this study, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to induce liver injury, while sulforaphane (SFN), a natural phytochemical, was used as the antagonist to overcome the deleterious effect.
Methods: Twenty-four mice were divided into three groups: Control group (0.9% saline), LPS induction group (0.75 mg/kg), and SFN treatment (25 mg/kg) followed by LPS induction group (0.75 mg/kg), all with access to food and water ad libitum. Blood samples from retro-orbital sinus were used to measure liver function through two aminotransferases (i.e., alanine transaminase [ALT] and aspartate transaminase [AST]) whereas liver homogenate was used to measure glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) (antioxidant activity markers); caspase-3 (apoptosis marker); malondialdehyde (MDA) (lipid peroxidation marker); and NO. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a cellular energy homeostasis and lipid metabolism sensor, was also measured. Statistical analysis including normalization, analysis of variance, Kruskal-Wallis test, and significance of P < 0.05 were applied to all collected data.
Results: SFN treatment significantly attenuated all tests compared to the induced liver injury by LPS where significant reduction was observed in the levels of hepatic function markers (AST and ALT), lipid peroxidation marker (MDA) as well as apoptosis marker (caspase-3) whereas a marked increase was observed for antioxidant activity markers (SOD, CAT, and GSH) and AMPK.
Conclusion: These results indicate the protective effect of SFN as it re-instated the levels of antioxidation while decreasing the level of the biomarkers, which were significantly increased during liver injury induction by LPS.
{"title":"Sulforaphane protects against LPS-induced liver injury in mice by antagonizing oxidative stress and apoptosis through AMPK activation.","authors":"Rasha A Mansouri, Huda F Alshaibi, May M Alqurashi, Maimoonah M Shaikh, Khulud A Bahaidrah, Noor A Alzahrani","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Given the adverse effect of liver injury on a multitude of body functions, it is vital to understand its underlying mechanism and how to overcome it. In this study, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to induce liver injury, while sulforaphane (SFN), a natural phytochemical, was used as the antagonist to overcome the deleterious effect.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-four mice were divided into three groups: Control group (0.9% saline), LPS induction group (0.75 mg/kg), and SFN treatment (25 mg/kg) followed by LPS induction group (0.75 mg/kg), all with access to food and water <i>ad libitum</i>. Blood samples from retro-orbital sinus were used to measure liver function through two aminotransferases (i.e., alanine transaminase [ALT] and aspartate transaminase [AST]) whereas liver homogenate was used to measure glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) (antioxidant activity markers); caspase-3 (apoptosis marker); malondialdehyde (MDA) (lipid peroxidation marker); and NO. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a cellular energy homeostasis and lipid metabolism sensor, was also measured. Statistical analysis including normalization, analysis of variance, Kruskal-Wallis test, and significance of <i>P</i> < 0.05 were applied to all collected data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>SFN treatment significantly attenuated all tests compared to the induced liver injury by LPS where significant reduction was observed in the levels of hepatic function markers (AST and ALT), lipid peroxidation marker (MDA) as well as apoptosis marker (caspase-3) whereas a marked increase was observed for antioxidant activity markers (SOD, CAT, and GSH) and AMPK.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results indicate the protective effect of SFN as it re-instated the levels of antioxidation while decreasing the level of the biomarkers, which were significantly increased during liver injury induction by LPS.</p>","PeriodicalId":47093,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health Sciences-IJHS","volume":"18 3","pages":"39-47"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11075443/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140890691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: Information theory has been successfully employed to identify optimal pathway networks, mutual information (MI), and entropy as a dynamic response in statistical methods and estimate input and output information in systems biology. This research aims to investigate potentially integrated gene signatures for bone metastasis using graph-based information theory from the dynamic interaction interphase.
Methods: The expression dataset with the series ID GSE26964 for bone metastasis from prostate cancer was retrieved. The dataset was segregated for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using the Human Cancer Metastasis Database. MI was considered to capture non-linear connections to classify the key DEGs from the collected dataset using gene-gene statistical analysis and then a protein-protein interaction network (PPIN). The PPIN was used to calculate centrality metrics, bottlenecks, and functional annotations.
Results: A total of 531 DEGs were identified. Thirteen genes were classified as highly correlated based on their gene expression data matrix. The extended PPIN of the 13 genes comprised 53 nodes and 372 edges. A total of four DEGs were identified as hubs. One novel gene was identified with strong network connectivity.
Conclusion: The novel biomarkers for metastasis may provide information on cancer metastasis to the bone by implying MI and information theory.
{"title":"Identification of potential biomarkers for bone metastasis using human cancer metastasis database.","authors":"Mahima Bhardwaj, Thanvi Sri, Srirama Krupanidhi, Sachidanand Singh","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Information theory has been successfully employed to identify optimal pathway networks, mutual information (MI), and entropy as a dynamic response in statistical methods and estimate input and output information in systems biology. This research aims to investigate potentially integrated gene signatures for bone metastasis using graph-based information theory from the dynamic interaction interphase.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The expression dataset with the series ID GSE26964 for bone metastasis from prostate cancer was retrieved. The dataset was segregated for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using the Human Cancer Metastasis Database. MI was considered to capture non-linear connections to classify the key DEGs from the collected dataset using gene-gene statistical analysis and then a protein-protein interaction network (PPIN). The PPIN was used to calculate centrality metrics, bottlenecks, and functional annotations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 531 DEGs were identified. Thirteen genes were classified as highly correlated based on their gene expression data matrix. The extended PPIN of the 13 genes comprised 53 nodes and 372 edges. A total of four DEGs were identified as hubs. One novel gene was identified with strong network connectivity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The novel biomarkers for metastasis may provide information on cancer metastasis to the bone by implying MI and information theory.</p>","PeriodicalId":47093,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health Sciences-IJHS","volume":"18 3","pages":"6-14"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11075445/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140892873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Inflammaging: Significance and intervention.","authors":"Rizwan Ahmad","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47093,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health Sciences-IJHS","volume":"18 3","pages":"4-5"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11075446/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140892875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nuha A Alkhattabi, Fares K Khalifa, Huda A Al Doghaither, Ayat B Al-Ghafari, Nesrin Ibrahim Tarbiah, Aliaa Sabban
Objective: The present study was designed to investigate the nephroprotective and immunoprotective effects of S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAMe) in comparison to N-acetylcysteine (NAC) against ochratoxin A (OTA) - intoxication.
Methods: Forty-eight adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were categorized into four groups: Control; OTA intoxication (5 mg OTA/kg diet); OTA + NAC, rats received 200 mg NAC/day before feeding balanced diet contaminated with OTA; and (OTA + SAMe). Rats received 200 mg SAMe/day dissolved in distilled water orally just before feeding a balanced diet contaminated with OTA.
Results: OTA administration altered serum kidney function biomarkers. These effects were pronouncedly alleviated by treatment with NAC. Results revealed a correlation between OTA-induced immunotoxicity and the reduced white blood cell (WBC) count. Treatments with SAMe significantly improved the WBCs count and hemoglobin concentration.
Conclusion: NAC and SAMe have a protective role against nephrotoxicity and immunotoxicity induced by continuous administration of OTA. NAC was more effective in reducing OTA nephrotoxicity, whereas SAMe was more potent than NAC in reducing OTA immunotoxicity.
研究目的本研究旨在探讨 S-腺苷-L-蛋氨酸(SAMe)与 N-乙酰半胱氨酸(NAC)相比对赭曲霉毒素 A(OTA)中毒的肾脏保护和免疫保护作用:将 48 只成年雄性 Sprague-Dawley 大鼠分为四组:对照组;赭曲霉毒素中毒组(每公斤食物含 5 毫克赭曲霉毒素);赭曲霉毒素 + NAC 组(在喂食受赭曲霉毒素污染的平衡食物前,每天给大鼠喂食 200 毫克 NAC);以及(赭曲霉毒素 + SAMe)。在喂食含有 OTA 的平衡膳食之前,大鼠口服溶解在蒸馏水中的 200 毫克 SAMe/天:结果:服用 OTA 会改变血清肾功能生物标志物。结果:服用 OTA 会改变血清中的肾功能生物标志物,而使用 NAC 则会明显减轻这些影响。结果表明,OTA 引起的免疫毒性与白细胞(WBC)数量减少之间存在相关性。结论:NAC和SAMe对白细胞计数和血红蛋白浓度有保护作用:结论:NAC 和 SAMe 对连续服用 OTA 引起的肾毒性和免疫毒性具有保护作用。结论:NAC 和 SAMe 对连续给药 OTA 引起的肾毒性和免疫毒性具有保护作用,NAC 在降低 OTA 肾毒性方面更有效,而 SAMe 在降低 OTA 免疫毒性方面比 NAC 更有效。
{"title":"Protective effects of N-acetylcysteine and S-adenosyl-Lmethionine against nephrotoxicity and immunotoxicity induced by ochratoxin A in rats.","authors":"Nuha A Alkhattabi, Fares K Khalifa, Huda A Al Doghaither, Ayat B Al-Ghafari, Nesrin Ibrahim Tarbiah, Aliaa Sabban","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The present study was designed to investigate the nephroprotective and immunoprotective effects of S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAMe) in comparison to N-acetylcysteine (NAC) against ochratoxin A (OTA) - intoxication.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty-eight adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were categorized into four groups: Control; OTA intoxication (5 mg OTA/kg diet); OTA + NAC, rats received 200 mg NAC/day before feeding balanced diet contaminated with OTA; and (OTA + SAMe). Rats received 200 mg SAMe/day dissolved in distilled water orally just before feeding a balanced diet contaminated with OTA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>OTA administration altered serum kidney function biomarkers. These effects were pronouncedly alleviated by treatment with NAC. Results revealed a correlation between OTA-induced immunotoxicity and the reduced white blood cell (WBC) count. Treatments with SAMe significantly improved the WBCs count and hemoglobin concentration.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>NAC and SAMe have a protective role against nephrotoxicity and immunotoxicity induced by continuous administration of OTA. NAC was more effective in reducing OTA nephrotoxicity, whereas SAMe was more potent than NAC in reducing OTA immunotoxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":47093,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health Sciences-IJHS","volume":"18 2","pages":"17-24"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10915916/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140060815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objectives: Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are gaining increasing attention in biomedical applications due to their unique properties. Green synthesis methods are environmentally friendly and have demonstrated potential for AgNP production. This study explores the green synthesis of AgNPs using the methanolic extract of Euphorbia milii, a plant known for its medicinal properties. The primary objectives of this research were to synthesize AgNPs using E. milii extract, characterize the nanoparticles (NPs) using various techniques, and evaluate their antibacterial and enzyme inhibitory activities.
Methods: E. milii plant extract was utilized for the green synthesis of AgNPs. The characterization of the NPs was performed through ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Antibacterial activity was assessed against Staphylococcus aureus, while enzyme inhibitory assays were conducted against urease, α-glucosidase, carbonic anhydrase II, and xanthine oxidase.
Results: The synthesized AgNPs exhibited significant antibacterial effects, with a remarkable 20-mm zone of inhibition against S. aureus, surpassing the efficacy of the plant extract alone. Furthermore, the AgNPs demonstrated remarkable enzyme inhibition, achieving impressive percentages of 77.98% against α-glucosidase and 88.54% against carbonic anhydrase II. Half-maximal inhibitory concentration values for enzyme inhibition were highly promising, including 78.09 ± 1.98 μM for α-glucosidase, 0.22 ± 0.10 μM for carbonic anhydrase II, and 7.11 ± 0.55 μM for xanthine oxidase.
Conclusion: In this study, AgNPs were successfully synthesized using E. milii extract and characterized using various techniques. The AgNPs exhibited significant antibacterial and enzyme-inhibitory activities, showcasing their potential for biomedical applications.
目的:银纳米粒子(AgNPs)因其独特的性质,在生物医学应用中日益受到关注。绿色合成方法对环境友好,并已证明具有生产 AgNP 的潜力。本研究利用大戟科植物米利的甲醇提取物探索 AgNPs 的绿色合成。本研究的主要目的是利用 E. milii 提取物合成 AgNPs,使用各种技术表征纳米粒子(NPs),并评估其抗菌和酶抑制活性:方法:利用 E. milii 植物提取物绿色合成 AgNPs。通过紫外可见光谱(UV-Vis)、傅立叶变换红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜和能量色散 X 射线光谱(EDX)对 NPs 进行表征。对金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌活性进行了评估,同时对脲酶、α-葡萄糖苷酶、碳酸酐酶 II 和黄嘌呤氧化酶进行了酶抑制实验:结果:合成的 AgNPs 具有显著的抗菌效果,对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制面积达到 20 毫米,超过了单独使用植物提取物的效果。此外,AgNPs 对酶的抑制作用也很明显,对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制率达到 77.98%,对碳酸酐酶 II 的抑制率达到 88.54%。酶抑制作用的半数最大抑制浓度值非常可观,其中对α-葡萄糖苷酶的半数最大抑制浓度为 78.09 ± 1.98 μM,对碳酸酐酶 II 的半数最大抑制浓度为 0.22 ± 0.10 μM,对黄嘌呤氧化酶的半数最大抑制浓度为 7.11 ± 0.55 μM:在这项研究中,利用 E. milii 提取物成功合成了 AgNPs,并利用各种技术对其进行了表征。AgNPs 具有显著的抗菌和酶抑制活性,展示了其在生物医学方面的应用潜力。
{"title":"Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from <i>Euphorbia milii</i> plant extract for enhanced antibacterial and enzyme inhibition effects.","authors":"Saud Bawazeer","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are gaining increasing attention in biomedical applications due to their unique properties. Green synthesis methods are environmentally friendly and have demonstrated potential for AgNP production. This study explores the green synthesis of AgNPs using the methanolic extract of <i>Euphorbia milii</i>, a plant known for its medicinal properties. The primary objectives of this research were to synthesize AgNPs using <i>E. milii</i> extract, characterize the nanoparticles (NPs) using various techniques, and evaluate their antibacterial and enzyme inhibitory activities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong><i>E. milii</i> plant extract was utilized for the green synthesis of AgNPs. The characterization of the NPs was performed through ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Antibacterial activity was assessed against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, while enzyme inhibitory assays were conducted against urease, α-glucosidase, carbonic anhydrase II, and xanthine oxidase.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The synthesized AgNPs exhibited significant antibacterial effects, with a remarkable 20-mm zone of inhibition against <i>S. aureus</i>, surpassing the efficacy of the plant extract alone. Furthermore, the AgNPs demonstrated remarkable enzyme inhibition, achieving impressive percentages of 77.98% against α-glucosidase and 88.54% against carbonic anhydrase II. Half-maximal inhibitory concentration values for enzyme inhibition were highly promising, including 78.09 ± 1.98 μM for α-glucosidase, 0.22 ± 0.10 μM for carbonic anhydrase II, and 7.11 ± 0.55 μM for xanthine oxidase.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this study, AgNPs were successfully synthesized using <i>E. milii</i> extract and characterized using various techniques. The AgNPs exhibited significant antibacterial and enzyme-inhibitory activities, showcasing their potential for biomedical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":47093,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health Sciences-IJHS","volume":"18 2","pages":"25-32"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10915915/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140060776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sami A Althwab, Waleed Al Abdulmonem, Khaled S Allemailem, Saud A Alarifi, Essam M Hamad
Objective: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death globally. Metabolic syndrome (MtS) is a risk factor that increases the likelihood of CVD. The atherogenic index (AIP), calculated as the logarithm of the ratio of triglycerides (TG) to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) cholesterol in plasma, is a valuable marker for highly atherogenic small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol particles. This study aimed to explore MtS prevalence and investigate the potential of using the AIP as a predictor for CVD risk factors in adults from the Qassim region of Saudi Arabia.
Methods: The cross-sectional study enrolled 589 participants from public hospitals in nine major cities who completed a detailed questionnaire on health, diet, and lifestyle. Anthropometric measurements and some clinical parameters were measured.
Results: The findings indicated a significant prevalence of MtS (37.5%) among participants from the Qassim Area, which was higher in males (39.9%) than females (34.9%). Nevertheless, a significant prevalence was shown for CVD risk factors among participants, with hyperglycemia (78.1%), hypertriglyceridemia (39.0%), hypo-HDL-cholesterolemia (38.9%), and hypertension (21.6%) being common. The AIP's performance in identifying CVD risk factors showed a receiver operating characteristic value of 0.909 (P < 0.001). The optimal cutoff value for the AIP was determined to be 0.468, demonstrating high sensitivity (84.8%) and specificity (78.6%).
Conclusion: Incorporating AIP into clinical practice could enhance CVD risk prediction compared to using lipid profiles alone. These findings suggest that there is a high prevalence of MtS among adults in the Qassim region of Saudi Arabia. Further longitudinal studies are needed to recommend AIP as a robust tool for predicting CVD in clinical settings.
{"title":"Prediction of cardiovascular risk factors and metabolic syndrome in adults from Saudi Arabia using the logarithm of triglyceride/HDL-cholesterol ratio.","authors":"Sami A Althwab, Waleed Al Abdulmonem, Khaled S Allemailem, Saud A Alarifi, Essam M Hamad","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death globally. Metabolic syndrome (MtS) is a risk factor that increases the likelihood of CVD. The atherogenic index (AIP), calculated as the logarithm of the ratio of triglycerides (TG) to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) cholesterol in plasma, is a valuable marker for highly atherogenic small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol particles. This study aimed to explore MtS prevalence and investigate the potential of using the AIP as a predictor for CVD risk factors in adults from the Qassim region of Saudi Arabia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The cross-sectional study enrolled 589 participants from public hospitals in nine major cities who completed a detailed questionnaire on health, diet, and lifestyle. Anthropometric measurements and some clinical parameters were measured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings indicated a significant prevalence of MtS (37.5%) among participants from the Qassim Area, which was higher in males (39.9%) than females (34.9%). Nevertheless, a significant prevalence was shown for CVD risk factors among participants, with hyperglycemia (78.1%), hypertriglyceridemia (39.0%), hypo-HDL-cholesterolemia (38.9%), and hypertension (21.6%) being common. The AIP's performance in identifying CVD risk factors showed a receiver operating characteristic value of 0.909 (<i>P</i> < 0.001). The optimal cutoff value for the AIP was determined to be 0.468, demonstrating high sensitivity (84.8%) and specificity (78.6%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Incorporating AIP into clinical practice could enhance CVD risk prediction compared to using lipid profiles alone. These findings suggest that there is a high prevalence of MtS among adults in the Qassim region of Saudi Arabia. Further longitudinal studies are needed to recommend AIP as a robust tool for predicting CVD in clinical settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":47093,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health Sciences-IJHS","volume":"18 2","pages":"50-55"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10915911/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140060777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Therapeutic potentials of catalase: Mechanisms, applications, and future perspectives.","authors":"Zafar Rasheed","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47093,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health Sciences-IJHS","volume":"18 2","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10915913/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140060817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objectives: The objectives of the study are to investigate the synergistic effect of oxaliplatin (oxa) and punicalagin (pun) on the death of colon cancer cells (Caco-2) by apoptosis and autophagy.
Methods: The effects of the combined treatments (5 μM oxa + 50 μM pun, 5 μM oxa + 75 μM pun, 20 μM oxa + 50 μM pun, and 5 μM oxa + 75 μM pun) were compared with untreated Caco2 cells (control) or cells treated with oxa alone. Apoptosis was detected using an Annex in V FITC flow cytometry assay and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage by western blotting. Light chain 3 was detected by western blotting as an autophagy marker.
Results: The combined treatments significantly increased the number of apoptotic cells in comparison to untreated cells or cells treated with oxa alone. By contrast, the combined treatments had no significant effect on autophagy.
Conclusion: The combined treatment significantly promoted cell death through apoptosis while maintaining a basal level of autophagy.
研究目的本研究旨在探讨奥沙利铂(oxa)和潘生丁(punicalagin)通过凋亡和自噬对结肠癌细胞(Caco-2)死亡的协同作用:与未处理的 Caco2 细胞(对照组)或单用奥沙利铂处理的细胞相比,比较了联合处理(5 μM 奥沙利铂 + 50 μM pun、5 μM 奥沙利铂 + 75 μM pun、20 μM 奥沙利铂 + 50 μM pun 和 5 μM 奥沙利铂 + 75 μM pun)的效果。细胞凋亡采用 Annex in V FITC 流式细胞术检测,多聚(ADP-核糖)聚合酶裂解采用蛋白印迹法检测。轻链 3 作为自噬标记物通过 Western 印迹法进行检测:结果:与未处理的细胞或单用 oxa 处理的细胞相比,联合处理可明显增加凋亡细胞的数量。相比之下,联合处理对自噬没有明显影响:结论:联合疗法在维持自噬基础水平的同时,能明显促进细胞凋亡。
{"title":"The synergistic effect of oxaliplatin and punicalagin on colon cancer cells Caco-2 death.","authors":"Hadeil Muhanna Alsufiani","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The objectives of the study are to investigate the synergistic effect of oxaliplatin (oxa) and punicalagin (pun) on the death of colon cancer cells (Caco-2) by apoptosis and autophagy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The effects of the combined treatments (5 μM oxa + 50 μM pun, 5 μM oxa + 75 μM pun, 20 μM oxa + 50 μM pun, and 5 μM oxa + 75 μM pun) were compared with untreated Caco2 cells (control) or cells treated with oxa alone. Apoptosis was detected using an Annex in V FITC flow cytometry assay and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage by western blotting. Light chain 3 was detected by western blotting as an autophagy marker.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The combined treatments significantly increased the number of apoptotic cells in comparison to untreated cells or cells treated with oxa alone. By contrast, the combined treatments had no significant effect on autophagy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The combined treatment significantly promoted cell death through apoptosis while maintaining a basal level of autophagy.</p>","PeriodicalId":47093,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health Sciences-IJHS","volume":"18 2","pages":"33-37"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10915914/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140060816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}