Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.1142/s1094406021500190
Qiaoling Su, Xunchang J. Zhang, Jianming Ye
This study tests the effect of unbalanced power distance (PD) (i.e., Hofstede’s cultural dimensions PD index) and individual stock price crash risk. We examine the stock price behavior of listed firms in 37 countries from 2004 to 2016 and use multivariate analyses to document that societal PD is important in explaining firms’ propensity to release accounting information. This propensity suggests a psychological tendency regarding timing management, particularly for bad news. As countries with large PD prefer to keep things under control, the result is fewer unexpected stock price crashes during the long windows between election events. However, because large-PD countries focus their markets on maintaining temporary peace before and during periods of political events (i.e., national elections), crash risk increases after the political event window. Consistent with these predictions, we find that in large-PD countries, companies generally have less incentive to hide negative information and thus generate stock price crashes. This situation is substantially changed during the postpolitical windows, when firms and ways of spreading information are more controlled by the government. Our findings suggest that formal mechanisms alone are insufficient to explain the behaviors of corporate disclosure that are entangled with informal instruments.
{"title":"Power Distance, Political Uncertainty, and Stock Price Crash Risk: International Evidence","authors":"Qiaoling Su, Xunchang J. Zhang, Jianming Ye","doi":"10.1142/s1094406021500190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1094406021500190","url":null,"abstract":"This study tests the effect of unbalanced power distance (PD) (i.e., Hofstede’s cultural dimensions PD index) and individual stock price crash risk. We examine the stock price behavior of listed firms in 37 countries from 2004 to 2016 and use multivariate analyses to document that societal PD is important in explaining firms’ propensity to release accounting information. This propensity suggests a psychological tendency regarding timing management, particularly for bad news. As countries with large PD prefer to keep things under control, the result is fewer unexpected stock price crashes during the long windows between election events. However, because large-PD countries focus their markets on maintaining temporary peace before and during periods of political events (i.e., national elections), crash risk increases after the political event window. Consistent with these predictions, we find that in large-PD countries, companies generally have less incentive to hide negative information and thus generate stock price crashes. This situation is substantially changed during the postpolitical windows, when firms and ways of spreading information are more controlled by the government. Our findings suggest that formal mechanisms alone are insufficient to explain the behaviors of corporate disclosure that are entangled with informal instruments.","PeriodicalId":47122,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Accounting","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47792862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-25DOI: 10.1142/s1094406021800081
Seraina C. Anagnostopoulou
{"title":"Discussion of “Related-Party Transactions and Stock Price Crash Risk: Evidence from China” by Ahsan Habib, Haiyan Jiang, and Donghua Zhou","authors":"Seraina C. Anagnostopoulou","doi":"10.1142/s1094406021800081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1094406021800081","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47122,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Accounting","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42670350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1142/S1094406021500141
Dongyi Wang
Empirical research analyzes real-life data that often do not conform to a normal distribution with statistical tools such as linear regressions that require the assumption of normality. The lack of conformity to a known statistical distribution requires researchers to handle outliers properly. Accounting studies typically treat outliers with a “delete-and-forget” approach, which assumes that extreme values are erroneous and results remain insensitive to the deletion of a small number of observations. Results in this study refute these assumptions by showing that the ambiguity in handling outliers and variable selection motivates researchers to explore various analytic alternatives, which in turn produce unstable regression coefficients and heightened false-positive rates.
{"title":"The Impact of Outliers on Regression Coefficients: A Sensitivity Analysis","authors":"Dongyi Wang","doi":"10.1142/S1094406021500141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S1094406021500141","url":null,"abstract":"Empirical research analyzes real-life data that often do not conform to a normal distribution with statistical tools such as linear regressions that require the assumption of normality. The lack of conformity to a known statistical distribution requires researchers to handle outliers properly. Accounting studies typically treat outliers with a “delete-and-forget” approach, which assumes that extreme values are erroneous and results remain insensitive to the deletion of a small number of observations. Results in this study refute these assumptions by showing that the ambiguity in handling outliers and variable selection motivates researchers to explore various analytic alternatives, which in turn produce unstable regression coefficients and heightened false-positive rates.","PeriodicalId":47122,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Accounting","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44728006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: Forensic accounting reflects the application of investigative and analytical techniques for the purpose of resolving fraudulent practices. The purpose of the research was to examine the extent at which Forensic Accounting Techniques serves as a panacea for preventing Revenue Leakages in Federal Universities in Nigeria. Methodology: Primary data were collected with the aid of research questionnaire and used in this study. The sample size of 238 respondents was determined from a census of targeted EFCC, internal audit staff of selected Nigerian Federal Universities. This study applied a statistical tool, which described and evaluated the relationships between Forensic accounting techniques and revenue leakages. Findings: The methodology shows that Forensic accounting data analysis techniques have positive effects on revenue leakages in Nigerian Federal Universities. This implies that a forensic data analysis technique can help in uncovering leakages of revenue in Nigerian Federal Universities. The implication is that when these technologies are applied, there would be drastic reduction in revenue leakages. From the findings, it was concluded that the application of forensic accounting techniques will help in preventing revenue leakages in Nigerian Federal Universities. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: On the basis of these findings and conclusion, it was recommended that forensic accounting data analysis and technology techniques should be employed in Nigerian Federal Universities to help them curb revenue leakages in the system. That will help to discover and analyse patterns of fraudulent activities and develop sorts of digital tools that would be found helpful in fighting economic and financial crimes within the system. Keywords: Forensic Accounting, Revenue Leakages, Frauds, Forensic Accounting Technologies
{"title":"AN ASSESSMENT OF FORENSIC ACCOUNTING TECHNIQUES IN THE PREVENTION OF REVENUE LEAKAGES IN NIGERIAN FEDERAL UNIVERSITIES","authors":"Taiya Haziel Mbasiti, J. Y. Gyang, Ojaide Fransis","doi":"10.47941/JACC.601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47941/JACC.601","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Forensic accounting reflects the application of investigative and analytical techniques for the purpose of resolving fraudulent practices. The purpose of the research was to examine the extent at which Forensic Accounting Techniques serves as a panacea for preventing Revenue Leakages in Federal Universities in Nigeria. \u0000Methodology: Primary data were collected with the aid of research questionnaire and used in this study. The sample size of 238 respondents was determined from a census of targeted EFCC, internal audit staff of selected Nigerian Federal Universities. This study applied a statistical tool, which described and evaluated the relationships between Forensic accounting techniques and revenue leakages. \u0000Findings: The methodology shows that Forensic accounting data analysis techniques have positive effects on revenue leakages in Nigerian Federal Universities. This implies that a forensic data analysis technique can help in uncovering leakages of revenue in Nigerian Federal Universities. The implication is that when these technologies are applied, there would be drastic reduction in revenue leakages. From the findings, it was concluded that the application of forensic accounting techniques will help in preventing revenue leakages in Nigerian Federal Universities. \u0000Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: On the basis of these findings and conclusion, it was recommended that forensic accounting data analysis and technology techniques should be employed in Nigerian Federal Universities to help them curb revenue leakages in the system. That will help to discover and analyse patterns of fraudulent activities and develop sorts of digital tools that would be found helpful in fighting economic and financial crimes within the system. \u0000Keywords: Forensic Accounting, Revenue Leakages, Frauds, Forensic Accounting Technologies","PeriodicalId":47122,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Accounting","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84270354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-24DOI: 10.1142/s1094406021500116
S. Radhakrishnan
I provide a framework that will help evaluate the value of for replication studies. I then provide a discussion of the fourm papers.
我提供了一个框架，将有助于评估对复制研究的价值。然后，我对这四篇论文进行了讨论。
{"title":"TIJA Forum on Replication: An Overview","authors":"S. Radhakrishnan","doi":"10.1142/s1094406021500116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1094406021500116","url":null,"abstract":"I provide a framework that will help evaluate the value of for replication studies. I then provide a discussion of the fourm papers.","PeriodicalId":47122,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Accounting","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49269842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-18DOI: 10.1142/S1094406021500062
R. Gillenkirch, O. Korn, Alexander Merz
This paper investigates the economic consequences of the mandatory adoption of International Financial Reporting Standard 2 (hereafter, “IFRS 2”) on firms’ choices between alternative executive compensation instruments. With a unique, hand-collected dataset that contains design elements of stock option plans, we find that the adoption of IFRS 2 affects both the decision to keep or to give up stock options and the choice of alternative equity compensation instruments. In contrast to recent evidence from the United States, we find that the majority of firms replacing stock options by other equity instruments switched to performance shares, not to restricted stock. Our dataset allows us to relate firms’ reactions to IFRS 2 to the three major rationales explaining stock option compensation practice, namely, optimal contracting, managerial rent extraction, and perceived cost. Our results suggest that all three rationales contribute to explaining changes in compensation design because firms with sophisticated option plans tend to keep their options, whereas design decisions by firms abandoning options are related to a lack of shareholder power.
{"title":"After the Stock Options Boom: Changes in Equity-Based Pay Following the Mandatory Adoption of IFRS 2","authors":"R. Gillenkirch, O. Korn, Alexander Merz","doi":"10.1142/S1094406021500062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S1094406021500062","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the economic consequences of the mandatory adoption of International Financial Reporting Standard 2 (hereafter, “IFRS 2”) on firms’ choices between alternative executive compensation instruments. With a unique, hand-collected dataset that contains design elements of stock option plans, we find that the adoption of IFRS 2 affects both the decision to keep or to give up stock options and the choice of alternative equity compensation instruments. In contrast to recent evidence from the United States, we find that the majority of firms replacing stock options by other equity instruments switched to performance shares, not to restricted stock. Our dataset allows us to relate firms’ reactions to IFRS 2 to the three major rationales explaining stock option compensation practice, namely, optimal contracting, managerial rent extraction, and perceived cost. Our results suggest that all three rationales contribute to explaining changes in compensation design because firms with sophisticated option plans tend to keep their options, whereas design decisions by firms abandoning options are related to a lack of shareholder power.","PeriodicalId":47122,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Accounting","volume":"1 1","pages":"2150006"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47432272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-29DOI: 10.1142/s1094406021800056
Saverio Bozzolan, Antti Miihkinen
The comments made by Hay (2021) on our paper raise legitimate questions. While we agree with some of the remarks and will take advantage of the many useful suggestions in our future work, we leave it to the reader to utilize those comments as useful tools to critically analyze our paper. What we intend to do in the limited space of this reply is to clarify some of the methodological issues underpinning the paper that were the object of attention by Hay. In particular, we would like to discuss three questions that arise in Hay’s comments: (1) the accounting standard used, and audit opinion issued; (2) the measurement of risk disclosure quality; and (3) the sample selection and coding process.
{"title":"A Reply to David Hay’s Discussion","authors":"Saverio Bozzolan, Antti Miihkinen","doi":"10.1142/s1094406021800056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1094406021800056","url":null,"abstract":"The comments made by Hay (2021) on our paper raise legitimate questions. While we agree with some of the remarks and will take advantage of the many useful suggestions in our future work, we leave it to the reader to utilize those comments as useful tools to critically analyze our paper. What we intend to do in the limited space of this reply is to clarify some of the methodological issues underpinning the paper that were the object of attention by Hay. In particular, we would like to discuss three questions that arise in Hay’s comments: (1) the accounting standard used, and audit opinion issued; (2) the measurement of risk disclosure quality; and (3) the sample selection and coding process.","PeriodicalId":47122,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Accounting","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41330548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-26DOI: 10.1142/S1094406021500050
I. Adelopo, K. Yekini, Robert Maina, Yan Wang
This study examines the relationship between board composition and voluntary risk disclosure during uncertainty for a sample of UK listed companies. A strand of the disclosure literature focusing on the impact of the board on corporate disclosure argues that board composition influences the extent and quality of corporate disclosure, but they have largely used data from stable periods and rarely on risk disclosure. Instead, using agency theory, we examine the impact of board composition on risk disclosure during corporate uncertainty for a sample of UK listed companies for the period 2006-2015. We used content analysis to derive our measure of risk disclosure and measure board composition based on its size, independence, meeting frequency and gender diversity. Our regression analyses controlled for the extent of firms’ agency costs, firm risk level and the impact of mandatory risk disclosure regulation amongst other control variables. Consistent with our hypotheses, we find that board size and board independence are positively associated with firms’ risk disclosure during uncertainty but board meeting frequency and gender diversity seem inconsequential for risk disclosure. Firms’ risk disclosure is positively associated with risk level and mandatory risk disclosure. Our results are robust to alternative model specifications and endogeneity concerns. We highlight the implications of our findings for management practice and regulations.
{"title":"Board Composition and Voluntary Risk Disclosure During Uncertainty","authors":"I. Adelopo, K. Yekini, Robert Maina, Yan Wang","doi":"10.1142/S1094406021500050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S1094406021500050","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the relationship between board composition and voluntary risk disclosure during uncertainty for a sample of UK listed companies. A strand of the disclosure literature focusing on the impact of the board on corporate disclosure argues that board composition influences the extent and quality of corporate disclosure, but they have largely used data from stable periods and rarely on risk disclosure. Instead, using agency theory, we examine the impact of board composition on risk disclosure during corporate uncertainty for a sample of UK listed companies for the period 2006-2015. We used content analysis to derive our measure of risk disclosure and measure board composition based on its size, independence, meeting frequency and gender diversity. Our regression analyses controlled for the extent of firms’ agency costs, firm risk level and the impact of mandatory risk disclosure regulation amongst other control variables. Consistent with our hypotheses, we find that board size and board independence are positively associated with firms’ risk disclosure during uncertainty but board meeting frequency and gender diversity seem inconsequential for risk disclosure. Firms’ risk disclosure is positively associated with risk level and mandatory risk disclosure. Our results are robust to alternative model specifications and endogeneity concerns. We highlight the implications of our findings for management practice and regulations.","PeriodicalId":47122,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Accounting","volume":"1 1","pages":"2150005"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48630076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-23DOI: 10.1142/S1094406021500074
Hongtao Shen, Huiying Wu, Wenbin Long, L. Luo
This study examines whether better environmental performance of a firm facilitates its access to bank loans in China and how state ownership and regional environmental pollution moderate this relat...
{"title":"Environmental Performance of Firms and Access to Bank Loans","authors":"Hongtao Shen, Huiying Wu, Wenbin Long, L. Luo","doi":"10.1142/S1094406021500074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S1094406021500074","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines whether better environmental performance of a firm facilitates its access to bank loans in China and how state ownership and regional environmental pollution moderate this relat...","PeriodicalId":47122,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Accounting","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45292538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-21DOI: 10.1142/S1094406021500104
Claudia Frisenna, Daniel M. Greco, Davide Rizzotti
This study aims to replicate the analysis of the relationship between earnings quality and cost of equity in the Italian context, a context characterized by high ownership concentration and weak in...
{"title":"The Relation Between Earnings Quality and Cost of Equity and the Role of Ownership Concentration: Evidence from Italy","authors":"Claudia Frisenna, Daniel M. Greco, Davide Rizzotti","doi":"10.1142/S1094406021500104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S1094406021500104","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to replicate the analysis of the relationship between earnings quality and cost of equity in the Italian context, a context characterized by high ownership concentration and weak in...","PeriodicalId":47122,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Accounting","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44864976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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