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Non-GAAP Disclosures and CEO Pay Levels 非公认会计准则披露和CEO薪酬水平
IF 2 Q4 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2020-11-17 DOI: 10.1142/s109440602050016x
D. Lont, D. Ranasinghe, Helen Roberts
We examine the association between CEO cash and equity compensation and non-GAAP disclosure practices in a responsive regulatory and opaque compensation reporting environment. Our empirical evidence, based on a sample of public companies in New Zealand, shows that CEO cash compensation is associated with the likelihood and frequency of non-GAAP disclosures, whereas equity incentives are not. Our results document evidence of an increase in the frequency of non-GAAP disclosures and a decrease in the provision and quality of reconciliation between non-GAAP measures and closely related GAAP measures around CEO cash compensation. In particular, managers use these disclosures when their GAAP earnings benchmarks are missed. A marginal decrease in opportunistic non-GAAP disclosures following the adoption of the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) indicates little change in reporting behavior following adoption of IFRS. Our findings suggest that managers disclose non-GAAP measures with opportunistic intentions motivated by compensation and points to the need for regulators to set policy about clear reconciliation standards.
我们研究了在响应性监管和不透明的薪酬报告环境中,CEO现金和股权薪酬与非公认会计准则披露实践之间的关系。我们基于新西兰上市公司样本的经验证据表明,CEO现金薪酬与非公认会计准则披露的可能性和频率相关,而股权激励则无关。我们的结果证明,非GAAP披露的频率有所增加,而非GAAP指标与密切相关的GAAP指标之间关于CEO现金薪酬的调节的提供和质量有所下降。特别是,当他们的GAAP收益基准没有达到时,经理们就会使用这些披露。采用国际财务报告准则(IFRS)后机会性非公认会计准则披露的边际减少表明采用国际财务报告准则后报告行为几乎没有变化。我们的研究结果表明,经理人披露的非公认会计准则措施是出于薪酬动机的机会主义意图,并指出监管机构需要制定有关明确调节标准的政策。
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引用次数: 4
How Does Tax Aggressiveness Affect Shareholder Wealth? An Examination Using a Regulatory Transition 税收攻击性如何影响股东财富?使用监管过渡的检查
IF 2 Q4 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2020-11-05 DOI: 10.1142/s1094406020500158
Shawn Xu, Wan-Shin Mo, Jacob Peng
We examine the relation between tax aggressiveness and firm value. Using a tax enforcement change in Taiwan that limits firms’ abilities to pursue aggressive tax strategies, we document that the relation between tax aggressiveness and firm value becomes more negative after the regulatory change. Further analyses reveal that the negative change is more pronounced for firms that are more likely to be targeted by the stricter tax enforcement. In addition, we do not find strong evidence on the impact of corporate governance in moderating the main relation. Our results seem to be consistent with the argument that potential increases in regulatory costs may outweigh the benefit of the stricter tax enforcement in constraining insiders’ income diversion, intensifying the conflict between aggressive tax positions and shareholder wealth in our research setting.
我们考察了税收侵略性与企业价值之间的关系。我们利用台湾税收执法的变化,限制了企业追求积极税收策略的能力,我们发现在监管变化后,税收积极与企业价值之间的关系变得更加负相关。进一步的分析表明,对于那些更有可能成为更严格的税收执法目标的公司来说,这种负面变化更为明显。此外,我们没有发现强有力的证据表明公司治理在调节主要关系方面的影响。我们的研究结果似乎与以下观点一致:监管成本的潜在增加可能超过更严格的税收执法在限制内部人收入转移方面的好处,从而加剧了我们研究环境中激进税收立场与股东财富之间的冲突。
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引用次数: 1
Discussion of “Caste Primacy of Auditor Choice and Independence” 论“审计师选择的种姓至上性与独立性”
IF 2 Q4 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2020-10-31 DOI: 10.1142/s1094406020800050
I. Haw
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引用次数: 0
Caste Primacy of Auditor Choice and Independence 种姓至上的审计师选择和独立性
IF 2 Q4 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2020-10-30 DOI: 10.1142/s1094406020500171
Ajit Dayanandan, H. Donker, John R. Nofsinger, R. Prasad
We examine the caste affiliation of the auditor selected by the corporate boards of directors of Indian firms. The history of the caste system in India is one of discrimination and inequity. The constitutionally mandated quota system in the public sector has shown improvements, but has not trickled into private sector leadership. We find that nearly 96% of Indian corporate boards are dominated by a single caste. The auditing firms are also dominated by the forward castes. Lastly, we find that when boards are dominated by one caste, they select an auditing firm that is also affiliated with that same caste. We examine the board and auditor relationship because they both play an important monitoring role in corporate governance. However, auditor effectiveness can be undermined when there is a lack of independence between them and the firm. The existence of a strong shared social network like caste affiliation compromises that independence.
我们研究了印度公司董事会选择的审计师的种姓关系。印度种姓制度的历史是歧视和不公平的。宪法规定的公共部门配额制度已经有所改善,但尚未渗透到私营部门的领导层。我们发现,近96%的印度公司董事会由单一种姓主导。审计事务所也由前卫阶层主导。最后,我们发现,当董事会由一个种姓主导时,他们会选择一家也隶属于同一种姓的审计公司。我们研究董事会和审计师的关系,因为他们在公司治理中都扮演着重要的监督角色。然而,当审计师与公司之间缺乏独立性时,审计师的有效性可能会受到损害。像种姓关系这样强大的共享社会网络的存在损害了这种独立性。
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引用次数: 3
Voluntary IFRS Adoption by Unlisted European Firms: Impact on Earnings Quality and Cost of Debt 欧洲非上市公司自愿采用国际财务报告准则:对盈余质量和债务成本的影响
IF 2 Q4 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2020-10-17 DOI: 10.1142/s1094406020500134
M. Cameran, Domenico Campa
This paper investigates the impact of the voluntary adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) by unlisted firms on both their financial reporting quality and cost of debt. Usin...
本文研究了非上市公司自愿采用《国际财务报告准则》对其财务报告质量和债务成本的影响。Usin。。。
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引用次数: 4
To Reveal or Not to Reveal? The Influence of Cultural Secrecy on Discretionary Disclosure Decisions 揭露还是不揭露?文化保密对自由裁量披露决策的影响
IF 2 Q4 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2020-10-01 DOI: 10.1142/S1094406020500122
Max Göttsche, Stephan Küster, Tobias Steindl
Prior studies on the relationship between culture and discretionary disclosure fail to account for concurrent managerial incentives to reveal private information to the capital market. Our study extends the literature by investigating whether these managerial incentives offset the cultural influence on managers’ discretionary disclosure decisions. To this end, we exploit a setting in which managers have the discretion to influence both the quantity and quality of disclosure and can thereby either conceal or reveal private information. For a sample of European firms, we find that despite incentives to reveal private information, managers’ culturally determined preference for secrecy leads them to provide a low quantity as well as a lower quality of disclosure. Our results are robust to several sensitivity checks and demonstrate the relative importance of cultural influence on discretionary disclosure decisions.
先前关于文化与自由裁量披露关系的研究未能考虑到管理层向资本市场披露私人信息的同步激励。我们的研究通过调查这些管理激励是否抵消了文化对管理者酌情披露决策的影响来扩展文献。为此,我们利用了一种设置,在这种设置中,管理者有自由裁量权来影响披露的数量和质量,从而可以隐藏或披露私人信息。对于一个欧洲公司的样本,我们发现,尽管有披露私人信息的激励,但文化决定了管理者对保密的偏好,导致他们提供的披露数量和质量都较低。我们的结果对几个敏感性检查是稳健的,并证明了文化影响对酌情披露决策的相对重要性。
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引用次数: 1
A Reply to the Discussion of “What Turns the Taxman On? Tax Aggressiveness, Financial Statement Audits, and Tax Return Adjustments in Small Private Companies” 对“是什么让收税人兴奋”问题的回答小型私营公司的税收侵略性、财务报表审计和纳税申报调整
IF 2 Q4 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2020-09-23 DOI: 10.1142/S1094406020800049
Hannu Ojala, J. Kinnunen, L. Niemi, Pontus Troberg, Jill Collis
Radhakrishnan and Janakiraman (hereafter RJ) provide an insightful and constructive discussion on our paper. In what follows, we briefly comment on some of the main points they take up in their dis...
Radhakrishnan和Janakiraman(以下简称RJ)在我们的论文中提供了富有洞察力和建设性的讨论。接下来,我们将简要评论一下他们在论文中提出的一些主要观点。
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引用次数: 0
Discussion of “What Turns the Taxman On? Tax Aggressiveness, Financial Statement Audits, and Tax Return Adjustments in Small Private Companies” 关于“是什么让税务人兴奋?小型私营公司的税收侵略性、财务报表审计和纳税申报调整”的讨论
IF 2 Q4 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2020-09-11 DOI: 10.1142/s1094406020800037
S. Radhakrishnan, S. Janakiraman
In this discussion of [Ojala, H., Kinnunen, J., Niemi. L, Troberg, P. and Collis, J. (2019). What turns the taxman on? Tax aggressiveness, financial statement audits and tax return adjustments in small private companies. Forthcoming, The International Journal of Accounting], we analytically show that tax evasion can be sustained in equilibrium in a rational expectations setting, and the analytical model to provide interesting future research directions. In addition, we also provide interesting future research directions using the proprietary database by closely examining the authors’ results.
在这个讨论中[Ojala, H., Kinnunen, J., Niemi。(2019)。是什么让收税员兴奋?小型私人公司的税收侵略性,财务报表审计和纳税申报调整。在即将出版的《国际会计杂志》上,我们分析表明,在理性预期设置下,逃税可以维持在均衡状态,并为分析模型提供了有趣的未来研究方向。此外,我们还通过仔细检查作者的结果,提供了使用专有数据库的有趣的未来研究方向。
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引用次数: 1
The Effect of Environmental, Social, and Governance Performance Factors on Firms’ Cost of Debt: International Evidence 环境、社会和治理绩效因素对企业债务成本的影响:国际证据
IF 2 Q4 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.1142/S1094406020500146
M. Houqe, Kamran Ahmed, G. Richardson
This study examines the effect of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance on firms’ cost of debt (COD). Based on a sample of 18,950 firm-year observations from 41 countries over the period of 2008–2015, we find a significant negative association between aggregate ESG performance and firms’ COD. We also observe a significant negative association between the individual ESG performance factors (E, S, and G) and firms’ COD. In addition, the negative association between aggregate/individual ESG performance and firms’ COD is economically significant, ranging from 16.93% to 21.20% of median COD values. Finally, disclosure of ESG performance, stakeholder orientation, investor protection, control of corruption, and social progress have pronounced effects on the negative association between ESG performance and firms’ COD. Taken together, our results suggest that ESG performance has a significant negative effect on firms’ COD from an international perspective.
本研究考察了环境、社会和治理(ESG)绩效对企业债务成本(COD)的影响。基于来自41个国家的18950家公司2008-2015年的观察样本,我们发现总体ESG绩效与公司的COD之间存在显著的负相关关系。我们还观察到个体ESG绩效因素(E、S和G)与企业的COD之间存在显著的负相关。此外,总体/个人ESG绩效与企业COD之间的负相关关系在经济上是显著的,其范围为COD中值的16.93%至21.20%。最后,ESG绩效披露、利益相关者导向、投资者保护、腐败控制和社会进步对ESG绩效与企业COD之间的负相关关系有显著影响。综上所述,我们的研究结果表明,从国际视角来看,ESG绩效对企业的COD有显著的负向影响。
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引用次数: 9
Control of Oppressive Interest Rates and Charges by Banks and the Relationship between Landlords and Tenants - The Urgent Imperative for Statutory Protection 银行压迫性利率和收费的控制与房东和租客的关系——法律保护的迫切需要
IF 2 Q4 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2020-08-21 DOI: 10.47941/JACC.432
Con San Ll.D Babalola Afe Ofr, Clement C. Chigbo
Purpose: The purpose of the work is to examine the ways by which the court and legislature can control critical interest rates on loan bargains and legislation can be used to exercise/impose a significant legal control over the relationship between landlords and residential/occupiers. Methodology: The paper adopts the doctrinal research methodology/ approach of reviewing cases and statutes and international instruments in aiming at a valid conclusion. Emphasis were placed on statutes and case laws as primary sources. Relevance was as well placed on journal, articles, text books, internet materials, among others as secondary materials. Findings : The paper finds that many Nigerians will be exposed to unmitigated hardship and suffering during this era of covid-19 pandemic as a result of lockdown and restrictions imposed by the government in the effort and measures to contain and curb the spread of the coronavirus. Unique contribution to theory, policy and practice: The paper urges the government to adopt as a primary political objective- the use of legislation to ameliorate the plight of Nigerians in the loan bargain sector and in the residential (housing) sector. In this regard, the paper contributes to practice and policy of government by using law as an instrument of social engineering
目的:这项工作的目的是研究法院和立法机关如何控制贷款交易的关键利率,以及立法可以用来对房东和住宅/占用者之间的关系行使/施加重要的法律控制。方法:本文采用理论研究方法/方法,审查案例,法规和国际文书,旨在得出有效的结论。重点放在成文法和判例法作为主要来源。与期刊、文章、教科书、互联网材料以及其他辅助材料的相关性也很好。研究结果:本文发现,由于政府在遏制和遏制冠状病毒传播的努力和措施中实施的封锁和限制,许多尼日利亚人在covid-19大流行时期将面临极大的困难和痛苦。对理论、政策和实践的独特贡献:本文敦促政府将立法作为主要的政治目标,以改善尼日利亚人在贷款交易部门和住宅(住房)部门的困境。在这方面,本文将法律作为社会工程的工具,为政府的实践和政策做出贡献
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期刊
International Journal of Accounting
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