We present an analysis of the most frequent words in journal article titles published by the American Geophysical Union (AGU), including articles of its first acquired journal Terrestrial Magnetism (and Atmospheric Physics) from the journal's inception in 1896, before AGU acquired it as Journal of Geophysical Research in 1959. The analysis tells one story of the development of the field of geophysics between 1896 and 2023. This story begins with studying the Earth's magnetic field and the sun's effects on it. Published article content expanded to include Earth's immediate atmosphere and as technology allowed, atmospheric composition further and further from Earth. Around the mid‐twentieth century, geophysics expanded to more rigorously study Earth's aqueous environments, and title words show that geophysicists understood that these environments could tell the story of Earth's past while predicting Earth's future. We group the analysis into multi‐decadal years for the following journals: Terrestrial Magnetism (updated to Terrestrial Magnetism and Atmospheric Electricity in 1899 and Journal of Geophysical Research in 1949), (Eos) Transactions (from 1920 to 1959), Reviews of Geophysics, Water Resources Research, Radio Science, Geophysical Research Letters (GRL), Tectonics, Paleoceanography, Global Biogeochemical Cycles (GBC), Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems (G‐Cubed), Space Weather, Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems (JAMES), JGR: Space Physics, JGR: Solid Earth, JGR: Oceans, JGR: Atmospheres, JGR: Planets, JGR: Earth Surface, JGR: Biogeosciences, Earth's Future, Earth and Space Science, GeoHealth, AGU Advances, Perspectives of Earth and Space Scientists, and Community Science.
我们对美国地球物理学联合会（AGU）出版的期刊文章标题中出现频率最高的词语进行了分析，其中包括从 1896 年该期刊创刊到 1959 年 AGU 将其收购为《地球物理研究期刊》（Journal of Geophysical Research）之前收购的第一份期刊《地球磁场（和大气物理学）》（Terrestrial Magnetism (and Atmospheric Physics)）的文章。分析讲述了 1896 年至 2023 年间地球物理学领域的一个发展故事。这个故事从研究地球磁场和太阳对磁场的影响开始。发表的文章内容扩大到包括地球附近的大气层，并在技术允许的情况下，研究离地球越来越远的大气成分。大约在二十世纪中叶，地球物理学扩展到更严格地研究地球的水环境，标题文字显示地球物理学家明白这些环境可以讲述地球的过去，同时预测地球的未来。我们按年代对以下期刊进行了分析：Terrestrial Magnetism》（1899 年更新为《Terrestrial Magnetism and Atmospheric Electricity》，1949 年更新为《Journal of Geophysical Research》）、《（Eos）Transactions》（1920 年至 1959 年）、《Reviews of Geophysics》、《Water Resources Research、无线电科学》、《地球物理研究通讯》（GRL）、《构造学》、《古海洋学》、《全球生物地球化学循环》（GBC）、《地球化学》、《地球物理学》、《地球系统》（G-Cubed）、《空间天气》、《地球系统建模进展期刊》（JAMES）、《JGR：空间物理学》、《JGR：固体地球》、《JGR：海洋》、《JGR：大气》、《JGR：行星》、《JGR：地球表面》、《JGR：生物地球科学》、《地球的未来》、《地球与空间科学》、《地球健康》、《AGU 进展》、《地球与空间科学家视角》和《社区科学》。
{"title":"From Earth to Space and Back Again: A Story of Geophysics Told by 130 Years of AGU Article Titles","authors":"Paige Wooden","doi":"10.1029/2024cn000241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024cn000241","url":null,"abstract":"We present an analysis of the most frequent words in journal article titles published by the American Geophysical Union (AGU), including articles of its first acquired journal Terrestrial Magnetism (and Atmospheric Physics) from the journal's inception in 1896, before AGU acquired it as Journal of Geophysical Research in 1959. The analysis tells one story of the development of the field of geophysics between 1896 and 2023. This story begins with studying the Earth's magnetic field and the sun's effects on it. Published article content expanded to include Earth's immediate atmosphere and as technology allowed, atmospheric composition further and further from Earth. Around the mid‐twentieth century, geophysics expanded to more rigorously study Earth's aqueous environments, and title words show that geophysicists understood that these environments could tell the story of Earth's past while predicting Earth's future. We group the analysis into multi‐decadal years for the following journals: Terrestrial Magnetism (updated to Terrestrial Magnetism and Atmospheric Electricity in 1899 and Journal of Geophysical Research in 1949), (Eos) Transactions (from 1920 to 1959), Reviews of Geophysics, Water Resources Research, Radio Science, Geophysical Research Letters (GRL), Tectonics, Paleoceanography, Global Biogeochemical Cycles (GBC), Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems (G‐Cubed), Space Weather, Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems (JAMES), JGR: Space Physics, JGR: Solid Earth, JGR: Oceans, JGR: Atmospheres, JGR: Planets, JGR: Earth Surface, JGR: Biogeosciences, Earth's Future, Earth and Space Science, GeoHealth, AGU Advances, Perspectives of Earth and Space Scientists, and Community Science.","PeriodicalId":471609,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives of earth and space scientists","volume":"112 32","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141821456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michael Wysession, N. Grimm, Eileen Hofmann, T. Illangasekare, B. Peterson, Renyi Zhang
We are very grateful for the reviews done in 2023 to support the published articles of Perspectives of Earth and Space Sciences. Last year we had 56 reviews and this year it was 49. As a relatively young journal, Perspectives is still defining its role withing AGU. This year Perspectives added several new article formats in order to help support intra‐AGU communication. These new formats included Commentaries, Opinions, News Items, and Memorials, which means additional challenges for reviewers, as the review criteria for these new formats vary from each other. This year also saw an increase in the diversity of styles and authorships of Perspectives Articles, which are the primary format of the journal, but the bulk of these Articles still took a large‐scale big‐picture view of a particular scientific perspective, across the full range of Earth and space sciences. Once again this year, we are very grateful for the wisdom and flexibility shown by our reviewers, and the entire editorial board of Perspectives would like to express our deep appreciation for all the work they have done. Thank you!
{"title":"Thank You to Our 2023 Peer Reviewers","authors":"Michael Wysession, N. Grimm, Eileen Hofmann, T. Illangasekare, B. Peterson, Renyi Zhang","doi":"10.1029/2024cn000245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024cn000245","url":null,"abstract":"We are very grateful for the reviews done in 2023 to support the published articles of Perspectives of Earth and Space Sciences. Last year we had 56 reviews and this year it was 49. As a relatively young journal, Perspectives is still defining its role withing AGU. This year Perspectives added several new article formats in order to help support intra‐AGU communication. These new formats included Commentaries, Opinions, News Items, and Memorials, which means additional challenges for reviewers, as the review criteria for these new formats vary from each other. This year also saw an increase in the diversity of styles and authorships of Perspectives Articles, which are the primary format of the journal, but the bulk of these Articles still took a large‐scale big‐picture view of a particular scientific perspective, across the full range of Earth and space sciences. Once again this year, we are very grateful for the wisdom and flexibility shown by our reviewers, and the entire editorial board of Perspectives would like to express our deep appreciation for all the work they have done. Thank you!","PeriodicalId":471609,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives of earth and space scientists","volume":" 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140990727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Shaver, A. R. Smith, S. S. Babu, Y. Baruah, M. Bauer, V. Chaturmutha, H. Chen, B. Dalal, G. B. Dias da Silva, T. Eddy, G. González, S. Gu, E. Gülay, A. P. Hoffmann, O. R. Idolor, R. Khan, Y. Liou, N. Liu, X. Lyu, A. Maharana, D. K. V. Radhakrishnan, O. Romeo, P. O. C. Silva, H. M. Salah, C. Thibeault, A. Weiss
The field of heliophysics encompasses a diverse range of research areas and rich plasma environments, from the solar dynamo and solar wind turbulence, to the complex terrestrial thermosphere‐ionosphere‐magnetosphere (TIM) system, to investigations of both induced and intrinsic magnetospheres across the solar system. This perspective paper delves into the experiences and outcomes of a summer school held in person in Boulder, Colorado, USA, from 7–11 August, which offered a platform for interdisciplinary learning and collaboration. The event, supported by NASA's Living with a Star program and hosted by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research and Cooperative Programs for the Advancement of Earth System Science, assembled a cohort of 26 graduate students and postdoctoral researchers from around the world, all engaged in heliophysics research. The summer school included a series of lectures, interactive activities, and a culminating capstone project. The participants' diverse backgrounds enriched discussions and encouraged novel approaches to traditional problems. The capstone projects spanned an array of topics, including investigating the origins of solar wind switchbacks, dissecting the sequence of events from solar eruptions and their corresponding terrestrial consequences, investigating the energy transfer from solar coronal mass ejections to Earth's magnetosphere, and advocating for the exploration of Coulomb collisions in understanding large‐scale global systems. Through this perspective, we shed light on the value of international and interdisciplinary collaboration in advancing heliophysics research. This perspective paper encapsulates the ethos of the summer school, serving as a testament to the continuing and collective pursuit of unraveling the mysteries of the heliosphere.
{"title":"Exploring Observational Heliosphysics Across All Scales: Reflections and Insights From the 2023 NASA Heliophysics Summer School","authors":"S. Shaver, A. R. Smith, S. S. Babu, Y. Baruah, M. Bauer, V. Chaturmutha, H. Chen, B. Dalal, G. B. Dias da Silva, T. Eddy, G. González, S. Gu, E. Gülay, A. P. Hoffmann, O. R. Idolor, R. Khan, Y. Liou, N. Liu, X. Lyu, A. Maharana, D. K. V. Radhakrishnan, O. Romeo, P. O. C. Silva, H. M. Salah, C. Thibeault, A. Weiss","doi":"10.1029/2023cn000217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023cn000217","url":null,"abstract":"The field of heliophysics encompasses a diverse range of research areas and rich plasma environments, from the solar dynamo and solar wind turbulence, to the complex terrestrial thermosphere‐ionosphere‐magnetosphere (TIM) system, to investigations of both induced and intrinsic magnetospheres across the solar system. This perspective paper delves into the experiences and outcomes of a summer school held in person in Boulder, Colorado, USA, from 7–11 August, which offered a platform for interdisciplinary learning and collaboration. The event, supported by NASA's Living with a Star program and hosted by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research and Cooperative Programs for the Advancement of Earth System Science, assembled a cohort of 26 graduate students and postdoctoral researchers from around the world, all engaged in heliophysics research. The summer school included a series of lectures, interactive activities, and a culminating capstone project. The participants' diverse backgrounds enriched discussions and encouraged novel approaches to traditional problems. The capstone projects spanned an array of topics, including investigating the origins of solar wind switchbacks, dissecting the sequence of events from solar eruptions and their corresponding terrestrial consequences, investigating the energy transfer from solar coronal mass ejections to Earth's magnetosphere, and advocating for the exploration of Coulomb collisions in understanding large‐scale global systems. Through this perspective, we shed light on the value of international and interdisciplinary collaboration in advancing heliophysics research. This perspective paper encapsulates the ethos of the summer school, serving as a testament to the continuing and collective pursuit of unraveling the mysteries of the heliosphere.","PeriodicalId":471609,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives of earth and space scientists","volume":"124 S174","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140428919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sarah E. Esenther, Neiv Gupta, Chanatip Vongkitbuncha, Mason N. Lee, Laurence C. Smith
The machine learning revolution presents geoscientists with exciting new opportunities for research, but is constrained by the need for large, high quality training data sets. Simultaneously, undergraduate and graduate program admissions have become increasingly competitive, pressuring high school and undergraduate students to differentiate themselves through involvement in research at earlier stages. Aligning these two interests provides mutually beneficial opportunities for both geoscientists and early‐stage students. We describe our experiences working with 20 early‐stage students to build a large training data set digitized from satellite images of meltwater drainage patterns on ice sheets. The intent of this Perspective is to share our experience and lessons learned with other machine learning researchers who, like us, may have minimal experience mentoring young volunteer researchers but may seek such partnerships for the first time in response to their machine learning training data set needs. These partnerships enabled creation of a powerful new machine learning model that would have otherwise been infeasible. Student benefits varied with their commitment and proactiveness, ranging from exposure to geoscience research and a resume line item to strong letters of recommendation and ongoing connections with geoscience researchers at an elite university lab. Many students were attracted to the project solely out of interest in machine learning, so the opportunity reached students who would not otherwise have conducted research in geoscience. Still, without incentives for researchers to engage less‐privileged students, our experience suggests that mutually beneficial partnerships between researchers and early‐stage students may exacerbate issues of inequality and lack of diversity within the geosciences.
{"title":"High School and Undergraduate Student Volunteers as an Imperfect Solution to Machine Learning Geoscience Research Needs","authors":"Sarah E. Esenther, Neiv Gupta, Chanatip Vongkitbuncha, Mason N. Lee, Laurence C. Smith","doi":"10.1029/2023cn000230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023cn000230","url":null,"abstract":"The machine learning revolution presents geoscientists with exciting new opportunities for research, but is constrained by the need for large, high quality training data sets. Simultaneously, undergraduate and graduate program admissions have become increasingly competitive, pressuring high school and undergraduate students to differentiate themselves through involvement in research at earlier stages. Aligning these two interests provides mutually beneficial opportunities for both geoscientists and early‐stage students. We describe our experiences working with 20 early‐stage students to build a large training data set digitized from satellite images of meltwater drainage patterns on ice sheets. The intent of this Perspective is to share our experience and lessons learned with other machine learning researchers who, like us, may have minimal experience mentoring young volunteer researchers but may seek such partnerships for the first time in response to their machine learning training data set needs. These partnerships enabled creation of a powerful new machine learning model that would have otherwise been infeasible. Student benefits varied with their commitment and proactiveness, ranging from exposure to geoscience research and a resume line item to strong letters of recommendation and ongoing connections with geoscience researchers at an elite university lab. Many students were attracted to the project solely out of interest in machine learning, so the opportunity reached students who would not otherwise have conducted research in geoscience. Still, without incentives for researchers to engage less‐privileged students, our experience suggests that mutually beneficial partnerships between researchers and early‐stage students may exacerbate issues of inequality and lack of diversity within the geosciences.","PeriodicalId":471609,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives of earth and space scientists","volume":" 39","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139788033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sarah E. Esenther, Neiv Gupta, Chanatip Vongkitbuncha, Mason N. Lee, Laurence C. Smith
The machine learning revolution presents geoscientists with exciting new opportunities for research, but is constrained by the need for large, high quality training data sets. Simultaneously, undergraduate and graduate program admissions have become increasingly competitive, pressuring high school and undergraduate students to differentiate themselves through involvement in research at earlier stages. Aligning these two interests provides mutually beneficial opportunities for both geoscientists and early‐stage students. We describe our experiences working with 20 early‐stage students to build a large training data set digitized from satellite images of meltwater drainage patterns on ice sheets. The intent of this Perspective is to share our experience and lessons learned with other machine learning researchers who, like us, may have minimal experience mentoring young volunteer researchers but may seek such partnerships for the first time in response to their machine learning training data set needs. These partnerships enabled creation of a powerful new machine learning model that would have otherwise been infeasible. Student benefits varied with their commitment and proactiveness, ranging from exposure to geoscience research and a resume line item to strong letters of recommendation and ongoing connections with geoscience researchers at an elite university lab. Many students were attracted to the project solely out of interest in machine learning, so the opportunity reached students who would not otherwise have conducted research in geoscience. Still, without incentives for researchers to engage less‐privileged students, our experience suggests that mutually beneficial partnerships between researchers and early‐stage students may exacerbate issues of inequality and lack of diversity within the geosciences.
{"title":"High School and Undergraduate Student Volunteers as an Imperfect Solution to Machine Learning Geoscience Research Needs","authors":"Sarah E. Esenther, Neiv Gupta, Chanatip Vongkitbuncha, Mason N. Lee, Laurence C. Smith","doi":"10.1029/2023cn000230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023cn000230","url":null,"abstract":"The machine learning revolution presents geoscientists with exciting new opportunities for research, but is constrained by the need for large, high quality training data sets. Simultaneously, undergraduate and graduate program admissions have become increasingly competitive, pressuring high school and undergraduate students to differentiate themselves through involvement in research at earlier stages. Aligning these two interests provides mutually beneficial opportunities for both geoscientists and early‐stage students. We describe our experiences working with 20 early‐stage students to build a large training data set digitized from satellite images of meltwater drainage patterns on ice sheets. The intent of this Perspective is to share our experience and lessons learned with other machine learning researchers who, like us, may have minimal experience mentoring young volunteer researchers but may seek such partnerships for the first time in response to their machine learning training data set needs. These partnerships enabled creation of a powerful new machine learning model that would have otherwise been infeasible. Student benefits varied with their commitment and proactiveness, ranging from exposure to geoscience research and a resume line item to strong letters of recommendation and ongoing connections with geoscience researchers at an elite university lab. Many students were attracted to the project solely out of interest in machine learning, so the opportunity reached students who would not otherwise have conducted research in geoscience. Still, without incentives for researchers to engage less‐privileged students, our experience suggests that mutually beneficial partnerships between researchers and early‐stage students may exacerbate issues of inequality and lack of diversity within the geosciences.","PeriodicalId":471609,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives of earth and space scientists","volume":"408 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139848123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper is a concept paper, which discusses the definition of randomness, and the sources of randomness in the physical system (the Universe) as well as in the formal mathematical system. I discuss how randomness, through chaos, the second law, the quantum mechanical character of small scales, and stochasticity is an intrinsic property of nature. I then move to our formal mathematical system and show that even in this formal system we cannot do away with randomness and that the randomness in the physical world is consistent with the origins of randomness suggested from the study of mathematical systems. Rules and randomness are blended together and their interaction is shaping all observed forms and structures.
{"title":"On the Origins of Randomness","authors":"A. Tsonis","doi":"10.1029/2023cn000228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023cn000228","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is a concept paper, which discusses the definition of randomness, and the sources of randomness in the physical system (the Universe) as well as in the formal mathematical system. I discuss how randomness, through chaos, the second law, the quantum mechanical character of small scales, and stochasticity is an intrinsic property of nature. I then move to our formal mathematical system and show that even in this formal system we cannot do away with randomness and that the randomness in the physical world is consistent with the origins of randomness suggested from the study of mathematical systems. Rules and randomness are blended together and their interaction is shaping all observed forms and structures.","PeriodicalId":471609,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives of earth and space scientists","volume":"25 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139608264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This letter, written by two early career researchers, highlights their urgent concerns regarding the future of scientific ocean drilling (SciOD) research following the retirement of the JOIDES Resolution (JR) at the end of the 2024 fiscal year. In the letter, addressed to the director of NSF‐OCE and to key leaders in determining U.S. scientific priorities, we outline the importance of scientific ocean drilling, both historically and for future scientific advances. We urge the NSF to make immediate, concrete commitments to fund, develop, and construct a new riserless drilling vessel dedicated to SciOD. We also highlight the importance of supporting existing and future SciOD researchers and infrastructure, including the urgent need to create programs designed to support early career researchers in our field. The letter has been signed by nearly three hundred scientists, more than two hundred of which are U.S.‐based researchers and more than half of which are early career researchers.
{"title":"Dear NSF: Scientific Ocean Drilling Is Necessary for Climate Studies, Natural Hazards Research, and Inspiring Future Scientists","authors":"Brianna Hoegler, Jared Nirenberg","doi":"10.1029/2023cn000224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023cn000224","url":null,"abstract":"This letter, written by two early career researchers, highlights their urgent concerns regarding the future of scientific ocean drilling (SciOD) research following the retirement of the JOIDES Resolution (JR) at the end of the 2024 fiscal year. In the letter, addressed to the director of NSF‐OCE and to key leaders in determining U.S. scientific priorities, we outline the importance of scientific ocean drilling, both historically and for future scientific advances. We urge the NSF to make immediate, concrete commitments to fund, develop, and construct a new riserless drilling vessel dedicated to SciOD. We also highlight the importance of supporting existing and future SciOD researchers and infrastructure, including the urgent need to create programs designed to support early career researchers in our field. The letter has been signed by nearly three hundred scientists, more than two hundred of which are U.S.‐based researchers and more than half of which are early career researchers.","PeriodicalId":471609,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives of earth and space scientists","volume":"85 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138623416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Turbulence, a captivating and intricate phenomenon, continues to attract researchers across diverse scientific disciplines. Despite considerable efforts, turbulence remains a fascinating challenge and stands as one of the unsolved enigmas in classical physics. Researchers strive to unravel the underlying physical mechanisms and refine mathematical models to unlock a comprehensive understanding of this complex phenomenon. This paper delves into the reasons why the study of turbulence still persists for a long time, highlighting its history and fundamentals, wide‐ranging applications, significance in environmental and climate sciences, and outstanding open challenges. Through these endeavors, the quest for unraveling the mysteries of turbulence promises to yield profound scientific insights and practical applications in the years to come.
{"title":"Why (Still) Studying Turbulence in Fluids and Plasmas?","authors":"T. Alberti, Roberto Benzi, Vincenzo Carbone","doi":"10.1029/2023cn000215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023cn000215","url":null,"abstract":"Turbulence, a captivating and intricate phenomenon, continues to attract researchers across diverse scientific disciplines. Despite considerable efforts, turbulence remains a fascinating challenge and stands as one of the unsolved enigmas in classical physics. Researchers strive to unravel the underlying physical mechanisms and refine mathematical models to unlock a comprehensive understanding of this complex phenomenon. This paper delves into the reasons why the study of turbulence still persists for a long time, highlighting its history and fundamentals, wide‐ranging applications, significance in environmental and climate sciences, and outstanding open challenges. Through these endeavors, the quest for unraveling the mysteries of turbulence promises to yield profound scientific insights and practical applications in the years to come.","PeriodicalId":471609,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives of earth and space scientists","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139019719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tectonics is the scientific discipline that studies the relationship between planetary convection and surface deformation and magmatism. In recent years global tectonic regimes and planetary evolution have become foci of astronomical and planetological research dealing in particular with potential habitability of planets orbiting other stars in our galaxy (exoplanets). This broadens the scientific impact of “tectonics” and makes it useful to outline a few guiding principles. For many, the term “tectonics” is synonymous with Plate Tectonics on Earth, but it should not be limited to only the planet we know best. Specifically, the concept should be generalized to encompass other rocky planets and moons in our Solar System and exoplanets. This article summarizes 15 general concepts about how such bodies are expected to behave.
{"title":"A Tectonic Manifesto","authors":"Robert Stern, T. Gerya, P. Tackley","doi":"10.1029/2023cn000214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023cn000214","url":null,"abstract":"Tectonics is the scientific discipline that studies the relationship between planetary convection and surface deformation and magmatism. In recent years global tectonic regimes and planetary evolution have become foci of astronomical and planetological research dealing in particular with potential habitability of planets orbiting other stars in our galaxy (exoplanets). This broadens the scientific impact of “tectonics” and makes it useful to outline a few guiding principles. For many, the term “tectonics” is synonymous with Plate Tectonics on Earth, but it should not be limited to only the planet we know best. Specifically, the concept should be generalized to encompass other rocky planets and moons in our Solar System and exoplanets. This article summarizes 15 general concepts about how such bodies are expected to behave.","PeriodicalId":471609,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives of earth and space scientists","volume":"26 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138624371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The rapid advancements in Artificial Intelligence (AI) have found applications across a multitude of disciplines, including the scientific domain. Yet, the dominant focus on model‐centric AI often overlooks the critical role that data plays, thereby limiting its effectiveness in scientific investigations. This paper advocates for a transition to a data‐centric viewpoint, especially within the framework of AI applied to scientific advancements. The paper outlines the contrasting philosophies of model‐centric and data‐centric AI, highlighting the latter's commitment to data strategies. It explores a range of techniques that bolster the data‐centric framework. Furthermore, the paper presents an overview of key milestones in AI technology, the significance and the changing role of data‐centric AI, and the current state of research in this emerging field.
{"title":"Rethinking AI for Science: An Evolution From Data‐Driven to Data‐Centric Framework","authors":"M. Maskey","doi":"10.1029/2023cn000222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023cn000222","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid advancements in Artificial Intelligence (AI) have found applications across a multitude of disciplines, including the scientific domain. Yet, the dominant focus on model‐centric AI often overlooks the critical role that data plays, thereby limiting its effectiveness in scientific investigations. This paper advocates for a transition to a data‐centric viewpoint, especially within the framework of AI applied to scientific advancements. The paper outlines the contrasting philosophies of model‐centric and data‐centric AI, highlighting the latter's commitment to data strategies. It explores a range of techniques that bolster the data‐centric framework. Furthermore, the paper presents an overview of key milestones in AI technology, the significance and the changing role of data‐centric AI, and the current state of research in this emerging field.","PeriodicalId":471609,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives of earth and space scientists","volume":"115 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138623170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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