Review(s) of: Critical Criminology: Issues, Debates, Challenges by Kerry Carrington and Russell Hogg (Eds.) (2002), Devon, Willan.286 pp., $49.50, ISBN 1903240689. Includes references.
{"title":"Critical criminology: Issues, debates, challenges","authors":"Shadd Maruna","doi":"10.5860/choice.40-6113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.40-6113","url":null,"abstract":"Review(s) of: Critical Criminology: Issues, Debates, Challenges by Kerry Carrington and Russell Hogg (Eds.) (2002), Devon, Willan.286 pp., $49.50, ISBN 1903240689. Includes references.","PeriodicalId":47198,"journal":{"name":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology","volume":"36 1","pages":"118-123"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2003-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71096381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-04-01DOI: 10.1177/000486580103400107
Willem de Lint
It is becoming increasingly evident to most North American and British policing experts that there are many models of policing which do not even pretend to cater to the Peelian ideal. But it is also fast becoming a live question whether policing systems, as Bruce Smith once called them, can be quickly differentiated on a number of key dimensions and, more importantly, placed on a more or less unitary trajectory between top ...down military and bottom...up democratic forms. The question of the relationship between democracy, fascism and the police is thus always close at hand, and is examined a new volume by Mendes et al. Democratic Policing and Accountability: Global Perspectives. The book is a welcome contribution to a body of interdisciplinary scholarship that brings policing back into nexus with international relations, peace and conflict studies, political science, and the sociol ... ogy of law, to name just some of the cross...fertilisations. The first chapter by Errol Mendes takes up the question of the tight relationship between policing and politics. After recounting police abuses in China, central America, Indonesia, and South America, Mendes alerts us to the importance of macro social capitalcapital that the World Bank has recognised to be an imped ... iment to development (tell that to the IMF!). He argues further that policing is not only determined by state politics and its corruption; rather, police may be change agents. Mendes suggests that this may happen through 'humble' dialogues between reformers of a country's police infrastructure, outside practitioners, and policy and academic input. This is an intriguing question is police reform essentially a matter of applying the correct strategy? Is it the case that democratic and liberal police may compel movement towards more democratic and liberal states? Or do the police follow once political and economic reforms have forced the issue? Similarly, is income disparity reduction, as suggested by Mendes, a quantity that can be pushed by police reform or is it rather disparity reduction that will push police reform? When we understand many liberal democratic states to have been stripped down to their Hobbesian core, it is a nice irony that it is police that are called upon to perform the work of welfare distribution. One wonders how far one can go with the attendant idea of governing through the police. In the United States, there seems at present to be no end in sight to this innovation. The chapter by Andrew Goldsmith is a manual on civilian oversight. After laying out the various ways in which it is essential for everything from police effec... tiveness to police integrity, it suggests such a civilian oversight may be established to meet the necessary criteria of independence while providing assurances.
{"title":"Review: Democratic Policing and Accountability: Global Perspectives","authors":"Willem de Lint","doi":"10.1177/000486580103400107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/000486580103400107","url":null,"abstract":"It is becoming increasingly evident to most North American and British policing experts that there are many models of policing which do not even pretend to cater to the Peelian ideal. But it is also fast becoming a live question whether policing systems, as Bruce Smith once called them, can be quickly differentiated on a number of key dimensions and, more importantly, placed on a more or less unitary trajectory between top ...down military and bottom...up democratic forms. The question of the relationship between democracy, fascism and the police is thus always close at hand, and is examined a new volume by Mendes et al. Democratic Policing and Accountability: Global Perspectives. The book is a welcome contribution to a body of interdisciplinary scholarship that brings policing back into nexus with international relations, peace and conflict studies, political science, and the sociol ... ogy of law, to name just some of the cross...fertilisations. The first chapter by Errol Mendes takes up the question of the tight relationship between policing and politics. After recounting police abuses in China, central America, Indonesia, and South America, Mendes alerts us to the importance of macro social capitalcapital that the World Bank has recognised to be an imped ... iment to development (tell that to the IMF!). He argues further that policing is not only determined by state politics and its corruption; rather, police may be change agents. Mendes suggests that this may happen through 'humble' dialogues between reformers of a country's police infrastructure, outside practitioners, and policy and academic input. This is an intriguing question is police reform essentially a matter of applying the correct strategy? Is it the case that democratic and liberal police may compel movement towards more democratic and liberal states? Or do the police follow once political and economic reforms have forced the issue? Similarly, is income disparity reduction, as suggested by Mendes, a quantity that can be pushed by police reform or is it rather disparity reduction that will push police reform? When we understand many liberal democratic states to have been stripped down to their Hobbesian core, it is a nice irony that it is police that are called upon to perform the work of welfare distribution. One wonders how far one can go with the attendant idea of governing through the police. In the United States, there seems at present to be no end in sight to this innovation. The chapter by Andrew Goldsmith is a manual on civilian oversight. After laying out the various ways in which it is essential for everything from police effec... tiveness to police integrity, it suggests such a civilian oversight may be established to meet the necessary criteria of independence while providing assurances.","PeriodicalId":47198,"journal":{"name":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology","volume":"34 1","pages":"105 - 108"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2001-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/000486580103400107","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64635966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-12-01DOI: 10.1177/000486589903200308
John Zoe Pratt Priestley
This paper, in celebration of the Australian and New Zealand Journal's thirty years of existence provides a reflective, self-critical analysis of its contents over this period and, for comparative purposes, the content of the British Journal of Criminology. While the findings of such an exercise must be treated with caution, they provide interesting glimpses of the way in which the discipline of criminology has been shaped and developed in the journal.
{"title":"The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology Thirty Years On","authors":"John Zoe Pratt Priestley","doi":"10.1177/000486589903200308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/000486589903200308","url":null,"abstract":"This paper, in celebration of the Australian and New Zealand Journal's thirty years of existence provides a reflective, self-critical analysis of its contents over this period and, for comparative purposes, the content of the British Journal of Criminology. While the findings of such an exercise must be treated with caution, they provide interesting glimpses of the way in which the discipline of criminology has been shaped and developed in the journal.","PeriodicalId":47198,"journal":{"name":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology","volume":"32 1","pages":"315 - 324"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"1999-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/000486589903200308","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64636236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-08-01DOI: 10.1177/000486589903200204
Carol La Prairie
There have been significant changes in criminal justice policy in Canada in the past two years. Among these was Bill C-41 which received Royal Assent on July 13, 1995, and came into force on September 3, 1996, and amended the sentencing provisions of the Criminal Code of Canada (CCC). This legislation contained two provisions which are widely considered to have the most potential to reduce the use of imprisonment especially at the provincial and territorial levels. Another related change in criminal justice policy in Canada has been the adoption of “restorative justice”. A general over-reliance on the use of imprisonment and aboriginal over-representation in prisons have been long-standing problems in Canada. This initial assessment will consider the “fit” between suitable candidates for the new justice approaches and those presently sentenced to prison. The paper will argue that without broader quidelines for inclusion and adequate community resources to support them, it is unlikely these new initiatives will have much of an impact on incarceration levels. Without a better understanding of the problem, aboriginal over-representation in correctional institutions is also unlikely to change.
{"title":"Some Reflections on New Criminal Justice Policies in Canada: Restorative Justice, Alternative Measures and Conditional Sentences","authors":"Carol La Prairie","doi":"10.1177/000486589903200204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/000486589903200204","url":null,"abstract":"There have been significant changes in criminal justice policy in Canada in the past two years. Among these was Bill C-41 which received Royal Assent on July 13, 1995, and came into force on September 3, 1996, and amended the sentencing provisions of the Criminal Code of Canada (CCC). This legislation contained two provisions which are widely considered to have the most potential to reduce the use of imprisonment especially at the provincial and territorial levels. Another related change in criminal justice policy in Canada has been the adoption of “restorative justice”. A general over-reliance on the use of imprisonment and aboriginal over-representation in prisons have been long-standing problems in Canada. This initial assessment will consider the “fit” between suitable candidates for the new justice approaches and those presently sentenced to prison. The paper will argue that without broader quidelines for inclusion and adequate community resources to support them, it is unlikely these new initiatives will have much of an impact on incarceration levels. Without a better understanding of the problem, aboriginal over-representation in correctional institutions is also unlikely to change.","PeriodicalId":47198,"journal":{"name":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology","volume":"32 1","pages":"139 - 152"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"1999-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/000486589903200204","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64636225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-06-01DOI: 10.1177/000486589402700103
Adam Sutton
In many Western countries, traditional criminal justice responses to crime are being questioned. Crime prevention has been endorsed as a policy objective by a range of governments including Australia's, with most States and Territories implementing programs. The paper summarises approaches to prevention and reviews promises and threats these developments pose. Promises include less divisive and ‘exclusionary’ modes of social control, and greater policy relevance for criminology. Threats include the possibility that organising social initiatives around crime prevention themes may detract attention from underlying structural issues, and that techniques of opportunity reduction and surveillance will extend social control and accelerate the ‘privatising’ of safety and security. The paper acknowledges the relevance of these critiques to current practice in Australia. However it argues that problems are due to political and economic pressures rather than to flaws in prevention theory itself. Criminologists should insist that prevention programs and strategies be located within the context of critical social theory.
{"title":"Crime Prevention: Promise or Threat?","authors":"Adam Sutton","doi":"10.1177/000486589402700103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/000486589402700103","url":null,"abstract":"In many Western countries, traditional criminal justice responses to crime are being questioned. Crime prevention has been endorsed as a policy objective by a range of governments including Australia's, with most States and Territories implementing programs. The paper summarises approaches to prevention and reviews promises and threats these developments pose. Promises include less divisive and ‘exclusionary’ modes of social control, and greater policy relevance for criminology. Threats include the possibility that organising social initiatives around crime prevention themes may detract attention from underlying structural issues, and that techniques of opportunity reduction and surveillance will extend social control and accelerate the ‘privatising’ of safety and security. The paper acknowledges the relevance of these critiques to current practice in Australia. However it argues that problems are due to political and economic pressures rather than to flaws in prevention theory itself. Criminologists should insist that prevention programs and strategies be located within the context of critical social theory.","PeriodicalId":47198,"journal":{"name":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology","volume":"27 1","pages":"20 - 5"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"1994-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/000486589402700103","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64636217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1982-06-01DOI: 10.1177/000486588201500202
Anne Edwards Hiller
Some reversal of this long-established pattern occurred during the 1970s, particularly in America, and can be seen in special issues of major academic journals being devoted to women, crime, the law and the criminal justice system. 1 However, this paper will show that on balance Smart's characterization is still an accurate assessment of the situation in Australia and New Zealand. 2 This issue of the Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology is, therefore, a rare and specially welcome opportunity to explore in the local context some of the major themes and concerns that appear in the overseas literature on the subject. I will examine theoretical and empirical aspects of the relationship between sex/gender" and crime, criminal law, criminal justice and criminology. To anticipate the main general findings from this survey of the local scene, and without denigrating some internationally-informed, innovative and important published work (in particular by Hancock, Mukherjee and Fitzgerald, and Scutt),one has to conclude that Australasian "criminology of deviant women" (to borrow the title of a recent book by Adler and Simon) is still in the "traditional" mould. Traditional criminology has been described as taking one or both of two alternative orientations to female crime: (i) that "women are inessential and invisible" (Smart, 1976:1); (ii) that women's limited involvement in criminal behaviour is "sexualised, psychologised and syllogised" (Weis, 1976:17). In general and certainly until very recently one could confidently assert that Australia and New Zealand were good examples of the former: sex was an unimportant factor and females were either altogether absent from research and writing about crime and criminal justice, or when some females were included as research subjects, no male-female differentiation was made. For example, three textbooks on crime, delinquency and the justice system, all published in 1977, treat these topics as ones which implicitly or explicitly 'concern males onlyor predominantly. 4 There is one consistent exception to this pattern, a feminist lawyer (Scutt) who since the mid-1970s has continually picked up issues raised in the overseas literature and attempted to relate them to the Australian scene, and who has published extensively in legal, social and criminological journals.
{"title":"Women, Crime and Criminal Justice: The State of Current Theory and Research in Australia and New Zealand","authors":"Anne Edwards Hiller","doi":"10.1177/000486588201500202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/000486588201500202","url":null,"abstract":"Some reversal of this long-established pattern occurred during the 1970s, particularly in America, and can be seen in special issues of major academic journals being devoted to women, crime, the law and the criminal justice system. 1 However, this paper will show that on balance Smart's characterization is still an accurate assessment of the situation in Australia and New Zealand. 2 This issue of the Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology is, therefore, a rare and specially welcome opportunity to explore in the local context some of the major themes and concerns that appear in the overseas literature on the subject. I will examine theoretical and empirical aspects of the relationship between sex/gender\" and crime, criminal law, criminal justice and criminology. To anticipate the main general findings from this survey of the local scene, and without denigrating some internationally-informed, innovative and important published work (in particular by Hancock, Mukherjee and Fitzgerald, and Scutt),one has to conclude that Australasian \"criminology of deviant women\" (to borrow the title of a recent book by Adler and Simon) is still in the \"traditional\" mould. Traditional criminology has been described as taking one or both of two alternative orientations to female crime: (i) that \"women are inessential and invisible\" (Smart, 1976:1); (ii) that women's limited involvement in criminal behaviour is \"sexualised, psychologised and syllogised\" (Weis, 1976:17). In general and certainly until very recently one could confidently assert that Australia and New Zealand were good examples of the former: sex was an unimportant factor and females were either altogether absent from research and writing about crime and criminal justice, or when some females were included as research subjects, no male-female differentiation was made. For example, three textbooks on crime, delinquency and the justice system, all published in 1977, treat these topics as ones which implicitly or explicitly 'concern males onlyor predominantly. 4 There is one consistent exception to this pattern, a feminist lawyer (Scutt) who since the mid-1970s has continually picked up issues raised in the overseas literature and attempted to relate them to the Australian scene, and who has published extensively in legal, social and criminological journals.","PeriodicalId":47198,"journal":{"name":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology","volume":"15 1","pages":"69 - 89"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"1982-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/000486588201500202","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64635793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1981-03-01DOI: 10.1177/000486588101400105
John Van Groningen
Studies of job satisfaction relating to human service organizations (except educational establishments) are scarce. This paper is a preliminary analysis of one aspect of a job satisfaction study of uniformed staff working in correctional (prison) establishments. A questionnaire measuring job expectations was administered to 65 prison officer recruits in 1978. A second questionnaire was administered to 19 of the recruits in order to measure the changes experienced after they had performed the duties of their position within the correctional service. The expectations of the recruit officers were analysed in relation to the demographic information available from the survey instrument. Possible policy implications for the administration of correctional services are proposed.
{"title":"The Job Expectations of Prison Officers: A Profile of Victorian Recruits","authors":"John Van Groningen","doi":"10.1177/000486588101400105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/000486588101400105","url":null,"abstract":"Studies of job satisfaction relating to human service organizations (except educational establishments) are scarce. This paper is a preliminary analysis of one aspect of a job satisfaction study of uniformed staff working in correctional (prison) establishments. A questionnaire measuring job expectations was administered to 65 prison officer recruits in 1978. A second questionnaire was administered to 19 of the recruits in order to measure the changes experienced after they had performed the duties of their position within the correctional service. The expectations of the recruit officers were analysed in relation to the demographic information available from the survey instrument. Possible policy implications for the administration of correctional services are proposed.","PeriodicalId":47198,"journal":{"name":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology","volume":"14 1","pages":"40 - 48"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"1981-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/000486588101400105","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64635782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1979-09-01DOI: 10.1177/000486587901200303
Austin Lovegrove
{"title":"Sentencing Persons Convicted of Drink-Driving Offences","authors":"Austin Lovegrove","doi":"10.1177/000486587901200303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/000486587901200303","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47198,"journal":{"name":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology","volume":"12 1","pages":"139 - 144"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"1979-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/000486587901200303","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64635741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1976-09-01DOI: 10.1177/000486587600900304
W. E Lucas
{"title":"Solitary Confinement: Isolation as Coercion to Conform","authors":"W. E Lucas","doi":"10.1177/000486587600900304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/000486587600900304","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47198,"journal":{"name":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology","volume":"9 1","pages":"153 - 167"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"1976-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/000486587600900304","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64635720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1976-09-01DOI: 10.1177/000486587600900306
R. D Francis, I. R Coyle
{"title":"Consider your Verdict: Applications of the Videotape Modular Technique in Sentencing1","authors":"R. D Francis, I. R Coyle","doi":"10.1177/000486587600900306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/000486587600900306","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47198,"journal":{"name":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology","volume":"9 1","pages":"181 - 186"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"1976-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/000486587600900306","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64635728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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