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Critical criminology: Issues, debates, challenges 批判犯罪学:问题,辩论,挑战
IF 2.7 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2003-04-01 DOI: 10.5860/choice.40-6113
Shadd Maruna
Review(s) of: Critical Criminology: Issues, Debates, Challenges by Kerry Carrington and Russell Hogg (Eds.) (2002), Devon, Willan.286 pp., $49.50, ISBN 1903240689. Includes references.
评论(s):批判犯罪学:问题,辩论,挑战由克里卡灵顿和罗素霍格(编)(2002),德文郡,威兰。286页,49.50美元,ISBN 1903240689。包括引用。
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引用次数: 10
Review: Democratic Policing and Accountability: Global Perspectives 评论:民主警务与问责制:全球视角
IF 2.7 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2001-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/000486580103400107
Willem de Lint
It is becoming increasingly evident to most North American and British policing experts that there are many models of policing which do not even pretend to cater to the Peelian ideal. But it is also fast becoming a live question whether policing systems, as Bruce Smith once called them, can be quickly differentiated on a number of key dimensions and, more importantly, placed on a more or less unitary trajectory between top ...down military and bottom...up democratic forms. The question of the relationship between democracy, fascism and the police is thus always close at hand, and is examined a new volume by Mendes et al. Democratic Policing and Accountability: Global Perspectives. The book is a welcome contribution to a body of interdisciplinary scholarship that brings policing back into nexus with international relations, peace and conflict studies, political science, and the sociol ... ogy of law, to name just some of the cross...fertilisations. The first chapter by Errol Mendes takes up the question of the tight relationship between policing and politics. After recounting police abuses in China, central America, Indonesia, and South America, Mendes alerts us to the importance of macro social capitalcapital that the World Bank has recognised to be an imped ... iment to development (tell that to the IMF!). He argues further that policing is not only determined by state politics and its corruption; rather, police may be change agents. Mendes suggests that this may happen through 'humble' dialogues between reformers of a country's police infrastructure, outside practitioners, and policy and academic input. This is an intriguing question is police reform essentially a matter of applying the correct strategy? Is it the case that democratic and liberal police may compel movement towards more democratic and liberal states? Or do the police follow once political and economic reforms have forced the issue? Similarly, is income disparity reduction, as suggested by Mendes, a quantity that can be pushed by police reform or is it rather disparity reduction that will push police reform? When we understand many liberal democratic states to have been stripped down to their Hobbesian core, it is a nice irony that it is police that are called upon to perform the work of welfare distribution. One wonders how far one can go with the attendant idea of governing through the police. In the United States, there seems at present to be no end in sight to this innovation. The chapter by Andrew Goldsmith is a manual on civilian oversight. After laying out the various ways in which it is essential for everything from police effec... tiveness to police integrity, it suggests such a civilian oversight may be established to meet the necessary criteria of independence while providing assurances.
对大多数北美和英国的警务专家来说,越来越明显的是,有许多警务模式甚至不假装符合皮尔理想。但是,正如布鲁斯·史密斯(Bruce Smith)曾经所说的那样,警察系统能否在一些关键维度上迅速区分开来,更重要的是,能否将其置于一个或多或少统一的轨道上,这也正迅速成为一个现实问题。从军队到底层…民主形式。因此,民主、法西斯主义和警察之间的关系问题总是近在咫尺,门德斯等人在一本新书中对此进行了研究。民主警务与问责制:全球视角。这本书是一个受欢迎的贡献,跨学科的学术机构,使警务回到联系与国际关系,和平与冲突研究,政治学,和社会…法律的Ogy,仅举几个例子,交叉受精。埃罗尔·门德斯的第一章探讨了警察与政治之间的紧密关系。在叙述了中国、中美洲、印度尼西亚和南美洲的警察滥用权力之后,门德斯提醒我们注意宏观社会资本的重要性,而世界银行已经认识到宏观社会资本是一种障碍……发展万岁(把这话告诉国际货币基金组织!)他进一步指出,治安不仅取决于国家政治及其腐败;相反,警察可能是变革的推动者。Mendes建议,这可能通过一个国家警察基础设施的改革者、外部从业者以及政策和学术投入之间的“谦逊”对话来实现。这是一个有趣的问题,警察改革本质上是应用正确策略的问题吗?民主和自由的警察可能会迫使运动走向更民主和自由的国家吗?或者,一旦政治和经济改革迫使这个问题出现,警察会跟进吗?同样,正如门德斯所建议的那样,减少收入差距是警察改革可以推动的数量,还是减少收入差距将推动警察改革?当我们了解到许多自由民主国家已经被剥离到其霍布斯核心时,这是一个很好的讽刺,即警察被要求执行福利分配的工作。人们不禁要问,通过警察进行治理的想法能走多远。在美国,这种创新目前似乎还看不到尽头。安德鲁·戈德史密斯(Andrew Goldsmith)撰写的这一章是一本关于民事监督的手册。在阐述了从警务效果到……考虑到警察的廉正,它建议建立这样一个民事监督机构,以满足独立的必要标准,同时提供保证。
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引用次数: 0
The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology Thirty Years On 澳大利亚和新西兰犯罪学杂志三十年来
IF 2.7 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 1999-12-01 DOI: 10.1177/000486589903200308
John Zoe Pratt Priestley
This paper, in celebration of the Australian and New Zealand Journal's thirty years of existence provides a reflective, self-critical analysis of its contents over this period and, for comparative purposes, the content of the British Journal of Criminology. While the findings of such an exercise must be treated with caution, they provide interesting glimpses of the way in which the discipline of criminology has been shaped and developed in the journal.
为了庆祝《澳大利亚和新西兰杂志》三十周年的存在,本文对这一时期的内容进行了反思和自我批判的分析,并出于比较的目的,对《英国犯罪学杂志》的内容进行了分析。虽然必须谨慎对待这样一项工作的发现,但它们提供了一个有趣的视角,让我们看到犯罪学这门学科是如何在该杂志上形成和发展的。
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引用次数: 6
Some Reflections on New Criminal Justice Policies in Canada: Restorative Justice, Alternative Measures and Conditional Sentences 对加拿大新刑事司法政策的几点思考:恢复性司法、替代措施和条件判决
IF 2.7 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 1999-08-01 DOI: 10.1177/000486589903200204
Carol La Prairie
There have been significant changes in criminal justice policy in Canada in the past two years. Among these was Bill C-41 which received Royal Assent on July 13, 1995, and came into force on September 3, 1996, and amended the sentencing provisions of the Criminal Code of Canada (CCC). This legislation contained two provisions which are widely considered to have the most potential to reduce the use of imprisonment especially at the provincial and territorial levels. Another related change in criminal justice policy in Canada has been the adoption of “restorative justice”. A general over-reliance on the use of imprisonment and aboriginal over-representation in prisons have been long-standing problems in Canada. This initial assessment will consider the “fit” between suitable candidates for the new justice approaches and those presently sentenced to prison. The paper will argue that without broader quidelines for inclusion and adequate community resources to support them, it is unlikely these new initiatives will have much of an impact on incarceration levels. Without a better understanding of the problem, aboriginal over-representation in correctional institutions is also unlikely to change.
在过去两年中,加拿大的刑事司法政策发生了重大变化。其中的C-41号法案于1995年7月13日获得御准,并于1996年9月3日生效,修订了《加拿大刑法》的量刑条款。这项立法载有两项规定,人们普遍认为这两项规定最有可能减少监禁的使用,特别是在省和地区一级。加拿大刑事司法政策的另一个相关变化是采用了“恢复性司法”。加拿大长期存在的问题是普遍过度依赖使用监禁和监狱中土著人数过多。这项初步评估将考虑新司法方法的合适候选人与目前被判入狱的人之间的“契合度”。这篇论文认为,如果没有更广泛的包容性指导方针和足够的社区资源支持,这些新举措不太可能对监禁水平产生太大影响。如果对这个问题没有更好的了解,惩教机构中土著人的比例过高也不太可能改变。
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引用次数: 30
Crime Prevention: Promise or Threat? 预防犯罪:希望还是威胁?
IF 2.7 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 1994-06-01 DOI: 10.1177/000486589402700103
Adam Sutton
In many Western countries, traditional criminal justice responses to crime are being questioned. Crime prevention has been endorsed as a policy objective by a range of governments including Australia's, with most States and Territories implementing programs. The paper summarises approaches to prevention and reviews promises and threats these developments pose. Promises include less divisive and ‘exclusionary’ modes of social control, and greater policy relevance for criminology. Threats include the possibility that organising social initiatives around crime prevention themes may detract attention from underlying structural issues, and that techniques of opportunity reduction and surveillance will extend social control and accelerate the ‘privatising’ of safety and security. The paper acknowledges the relevance of these critiques to current practice in Australia. However it argues that problems are due to political and economic pressures rather than to flaws in prevention theory itself. Criminologists should insist that prevention programs and strategies be located within the context of critical social theory.
在许多西方国家,传统的刑事司法对犯罪的反应正在受到质疑。预防犯罪已被包括澳大利亚在内的一系列政府认可为一项政策目标,大多数州和地区都在实施方案。本文总结了预防方法,并审查了这些发展带来的希望和威胁。承诺包括减少分裂和“排他性”的社会控制模式,以及加强与犯罪学的政策相关性。威胁包括围绕预防犯罪主题组织社会倡议可能会分散对潜在结构性问题的关注,减少机会和监视的技术将扩大社会控制并加速安全和保障的“私有化”。本文承认这些批评与澳大利亚当前实践的相关性。然而,它认为问题是由于政治和经济压力,而不是预防理论本身的缺陷。犯罪学家应该坚持将预防方案和策略置于批判社会理论的背景下。
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引用次数: 25
Women, Crime and Criminal Justice: The State of Current Theory and Research in Australia and New Zealand 妇女、犯罪和刑事司法:澳大利亚和新西兰目前的理论和研究状况
IF 2.7 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 1982-06-01 DOI: 10.1177/000486588201500202
Anne Edwards Hiller
Some reversal of this long-established pattern occurred during the 1970s, particularly in America, and can be seen in special issues of major academic journals being devoted to women, crime, the law and the criminal justice system. 1 However, this paper will show that on balance Smart's characterization is still an accurate assessment of the situation in Australia and New Zealand. 2 This issue of the Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology is, therefore, a rare and specially welcome opportunity to explore in the local context some of the major themes and concerns that appear in the overseas literature on the subject. I will examine theoretical and empirical aspects of the relationship between sex/gender" and crime, criminal law, criminal justice and criminology. To anticipate the main general findings from this survey of the local scene, and without denigrating some internationally-informed, innovative and important published work (in particular by Hancock, Mukherjee and Fitzgerald, and Scutt),one has to conclude that Australasian "criminology of deviant women" (to borrow the title of a recent book by Adler and Simon) is still in the "traditional" mould. Traditional criminology has been described as taking one or both of two alternative orientations to female crime: (i) that "women are inessential and invisible" (Smart, 1976:1); (ii) that women's limited involvement in criminal behaviour is "sexualised, psychologised and syllogised" (Weis, 1976:17). In general and certainly until very recently one could confidently assert that Australia and New Zealand were good examples of the former: sex was an unimportant factor and females were either altogether absent from research and writing about crime and criminal justice, or when some females were included as research subjects, no male-female differentiation was made. For example, three textbooks on crime, delinquency and the justice system, all published in 1977, treat these topics as ones which implicitly or explicitly 'concern males onlyor predominantly. 4 There is one consistent exception to this pattern, a feminist lawyer (Scutt) who since the mid-1970s has continually picked up issues raised in the overseas literature and attempted to relate them to the Australian scene, and who has published extensively in legal, social and criminological journals.
这种长期存在的模式在20世纪70年代出现了一些逆转,特别是在美国,这可以在专门讨论妇女、犯罪、法律和刑事司法系统的主要学术期刊的特刊上看到。1然而,本文将表明,总的来说,Smart的描述仍然是对澳大利亚和新西兰情况的准确评估。2因此,这期《澳大利亚和新西兰犯罪学杂志》是一个难得的、特别受欢迎的机会,可以在当地背景下探索一些主要主题和关注,这些主题和关注出现在海外文献中。我将研究“性/性别”与犯罪、刑法、刑事司法和犯罪学之间关系的理论和实证方面。在不诋毁一些国际知名的、创新的、重要的出版作品(特别是汉考克、慕克吉、菲茨杰拉德和斯科特的作品)的情况下,我们必须得出这样的结论:澳大利亚的“越轨妇女犯罪学”(借用阿德勒和西蒙最近出版的一本书的书名)仍然处于“传统”模式中。传统犯罪学被描述为对女性犯罪采取两种不同取向中的一种或两种:(i)“妇女是不重要的和看不见的”(Smart, 1976:1);(ii)妇女对犯罪行为的有限参与是“性化、心理化和三段论化的”(Weis, 1976:17)。一般来说,直到最近,人们都可以自信地断言,澳大利亚和新西兰是前者的好例子:性别是一个不重要的因素,女性要么完全缺席关于犯罪和刑事司法的研究和写作,要么当一些女性被纳入研究对象时,男女之间没有区别。例如,1977年出版的三本关于犯罪、犯罪和司法系统的教科书,都将这些话题视为或隐或显地“只与男性有关或主要与男性有关”的话题。这种模式有一个一贯的例外,一位女权主义律师(斯卡特),自20世纪70年代中期以来,她不断地从海外文学中提出问题,并试图将它们与澳大利亚的情况联系起来,她在法律、社会和犯罪学期刊上发表了大量文章。
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引用次数: 2
The Job Expectations of Prison Officers: A Profile of Victorian Recruits 监狱官员的工作期望:维多利亚时代新兵的档案
IF 2.7 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 1981-03-01 DOI: 10.1177/000486588101400105
John Van Groningen
Studies of job satisfaction relating to human service organizations (except educational establishments) are scarce. This paper is a preliminary analysis of one aspect of a job satisfaction study of uniformed staff working in correctional (prison) establishments. A questionnaire measuring job expectations was administered to 65 prison officer recruits in 1978. A second questionnaire was administered to 19 of the recruits in order to measure the changes experienced after they had performed the duties of their position within the correctional service. The expectations of the recruit officers were analysed in relation to the demographic information available from the survey instrument. Possible policy implications for the administration of correctional services are proposed.
与人类服务组织(教育机构除外)相关的工作满意度研究很少。本文对教养所(监狱)制服人员工作满意度研究的一个方面进行了初步分析。1978年对65名新入职狱警进行了工作期望问卷调查。另一份问卷发给了19名新兵,以衡量他们在惩教署履行其职位职责后所经历的变化。根据调查工具提供的人口资料,分析了征聘干事的期望。对惩教服务管理可能产生的政策影响提出建议。
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引用次数: 1
Sentencing Persons Convicted of Drink-Driving Offences 对酒驾罪犯判刑
IF 2.7 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 1979-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/000486587901200303
Austin Lovegrove
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引用次数: 0
Solitary Confinement: Isolation as Coercion to Conform 单独监禁:作为强制服从的隔离
IF 2.7 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 1976-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/000486587600900304
W. E Lucas
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引用次数: 12
Consider your Verdict: Applications of the Videotape Modular Technique in Sentencing1 考虑你的判决:录像带模块化技术在量刑中的应用
IF 2.7 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 1976-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/000486587600900306
R. D Francis, I. R Coyle
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引用次数: 1
期刊
Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology
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