Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy最新文献

Although negative life events are a risk factor for developing depression, cognitive control can help maintain one's mental health. However, whether thought-control ability (TCA) can alleviate the adverse effects of negative life events on depression is unclear. Therefore, two studies were conducted to test if it does, by having participant's complete measures of negative life events, TCA, and depression. Study 1, which included 140 healthy young adults, showed TCA mediated the relationship between negative life events and depressive symptoms, and that TCA also moderated the relationship between negative life events and depressive symptoms. Study 2 recruited patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) to test whether the findings could be generalized to individuals with MDD. Study 2 found TCA also mediated the relationship between negative life events and symptoms of MDD. Suggesting that improving the ability to control negative thoughts in daily life help maintain mental health and prevent depressive symptoms.

Two concepts that describe repetitive thoughts regarding an individual's sexual orientation-sexual orientation rumination and sexual orientation obsessions-have been introduced into the research literature. Despite the fact that these concepts have similarities, important distinctions exist with regard to their theoretical underpinnings, development, and catalyst of stress. As these concepts have never been teased apart in the research literature, understanding how these concepts are similar and different is particularly important. To this end, the present overview synthesizes the current literature regarding these concepts with the purpose of providing a decisional framework for differentiating sexual orientation rumination and sexual orientation obsessions and suggesting areas of future research.

Although cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a highly effective treatment for individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), a portion people with OCD do not benefit fully from CBT due to ambivalence about participating in treatment, nonadherence to exposure exercises, and dropout. This paper reviews the promising evidence for motivational interviewing (MI) as a therapeutic approach that is well suited to address these issues and potentially improve treatment outcomes. It will also provide a discussion of MI processes that may enhance CBT for OCD which can foster a collaborative relationship that integrates a patient's own goals and values into exposure planning, helps resolve ambivalence or reluctance to engage in exposure exercises and builds and supports patients' intrinsic motivation to participate in treatment. The review will conclude with a case report describing the use of pre-CBT MI for an individual with OCD.

It is estimated that 40 million people worldwide have experienced human trafficking (UN, International Labour Organization & Walk-Free Foundation, 2019), with 313,000 trafficked persons in the state of Texas alone (Busch-Armendariz et al., 2016). These staggering numbers are indicative of human trafficking as a growing public health concern. To date researchers have neither studied nor proposed a specific psychotherapeutic modality in the treatment of trafficked persons. Given the unique concerns of this populations, including mistrust of authority, emotional coercion, and abuse by traffickers, often co-occurring substance use concerns, and difficulty with standard treatment adherence, we propose a therapeutic strategy that might assist providers in addressing a broad range of concerns, particularly assisting trafficked persons in the effort to leave their situation. This strategy is motivational interviewing (MI; Miller et al., 2009) and has shown substantial efficacy to enhance motivation to change as applied within in a broad range of healthcare settings. We briefly review the broad tenants of MI and illustrate its application within two hypothetical cases of trafficking. Future research that examines the potential benefits of MI within trafficking populations is warranted.

This pilot study tested whether the addition of motivational interviewing (MI) prior to group cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for anxiety may improve the effectiveness of the treatment. Prior to group CBT, 40 individuals with a principal diagnosis of an anxiety disorder (40% panic disorder, 25% generalized anxiety disorder, 22.5% social phobia, and 12.5% others) were randomly assigned to receive either three individual sessions of MI or were assigned to a control group that did not receive MI. The pretreatment MI group, compared to the control group, experienced significantly greater reduction in anxiety symptoms post-CBT. These results suggest that brief MI pretreatment enhances the efficacy of CBT on anxiety. A combination of MI and CBT may be particularly promising for the treatment of anxiety, with MI directed at increasing motivation and commitment to change, and CBT directed at helping the client achieve the desired changes.

Evidence indicates that motivation early in treatment is critical to treatment outcome, and motivational interviewing (MI) has addressed this finding by helping individuals work through ambivalence about change. Not only has it demonstrated improvements in treatment outcome across treatment populations and settings, it has been adapted with success into brief motivational interventions. This special issue explores the use of MI with populations at great risk for ambivalence in therapy, including college students violating campus policy, individuals who have been trafficked, and individuals in exposure therapy. The papers further highlight the versatility of MI-based interventions, as well as their limitations, that may help inform future directions for adapting MI as we move toward digital and web-based interventions.

College cannabis use continues to rise, yet few students voluntarily seek treatment for cannabis use, despite use-related problems. Thus, the campus judicial system may be one way to identify high-risk cannabis users and intervene with them. Despite research indicating that brief motivational interventions (BMIs) decrease risky alcohol use among students sanctioned for psychological services following campus alcohol policies violations, extant data do not support BMI for students who violate cannabis polices. Thus, the aims of this review paper are to (a) review the extant literature of BMI for cannabis use among sanctioned students, (b) discuss some unique issues concerning BMI for cannabis use, and (c) provide case examples of promising novel ways BMI may be used to address unique needs of these students. Given the wide range of cannabis use and related problems experienced by these students, personalized approaches to BMI-based interventions may improve outcomes for these students.

Cognitive features of auditory hallucinations (voices) have important clinical significance and their assessment is vital for cognitive behavior therapy to be more widely deployed by multidisciplinary staff. Using a new Socratic instrument-The Staff Views About Assessing Voices Questionnaire (SVAVQ)-we surveyed a community inpatient rehabilitation multidisciplinary workforce's (N = 50) assessment and attitude toward asking cognitive questions about patients' voices. We found that there were many clinically important gaps in what staff asked about in relation to cognitive features of voices. We identified a range of beliefs the staff hold that may prevent assessment of voice cognitive features. However, after attending the Socratic SVAVQ interview, 84% of staff said they planned to ask patients more questions about cognitive features of patients' voices. Research could now test if other psychosis services neglect the assessment of important cognitive features of patients' voices and if staff Socratic questioning improves their cognitive assessments.

Family accommodation is a phenomenon that has been associated with worse treatment outcome of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and greater severity of symptoms and levels of functional impairment. Yet, there are no Chinese scales to assess family accommodation in OCD among family members. The present study aimed to illustrate the steps of translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Chinese versions of the Family Accommodation Scale (FAS). After obtaining authorization of the developers, the Chinese versions of the FAS were translated and adapted from the English versions based on a standard protocol, following six steps: forward translation, pilot administration, language adjustment and cultural adaptation, back-translation, review and minor edit, and final approval of the developer. Thirty-five pairs of patients and corresponding relatives with different education levels were administered the FAS in the pretest stage. This study found that the semantic, idiomatic, and conceptual equivalence were obtained between the Chinese versions and original English scales, and the Chinese versions of FAS were well translated and culturally adapted. We also found that the Chinese versions of the FAS can be easily understood by people of different socioeconomic statuses.