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Rule of Self and Rule of Law: Governing Opacity Among the Shuar of Amazonia 自治与法治:亚马逊舒阿尔人的治理不透明
IF 1.3 3区 社会学 Q2 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-12-21 DOI: 10.1080/00141844.2021.1965641
Natalia Buitron
ABSTRACT Faced with the opacity of other minds, we can either confirm the impossibility of knowing or try to make other minds transparent. Among the Amazonian Shuar, two opposed regimes of intention management embody these two options. One is associated with the predatory agency of arútam, the spirit of prominent elders; the other one with the pacifying agency of the Christian God. Secret vision quests and dialogic duels generate an instability of perspectives and a rule of self, premised on the opacity of persons. By contrast, projects of state legibility, the omniscient Christian God, and the public character of biblical revelations create the conditions for the rule of law, that is, a regime of intentions in which persons are transparent and people are held accountable in public. The novelty of this mode of governing opacity bears emphasis on and contrasts with the arguments stressing continuity in Amazonian engagements with alterity.
摘要面对他人心智的不透明,我们可以确认不可能知道,也可以尝试让他人心智透明。在亚马逊舒阿尔人中,两种对立的意向管理制度体现了这两种选择。一个是与杰出长者的精神arútam的掠夺性代理有关;另一个是基督教上帝的安抚机构。秘密的视觉探索和对话决斗产生了视角的不稳定性和自我规则,前提是人的不透明性。相比之下,国家的易读性、无所不知的基督教上帝和圣经启示的公共性为法治创造了条件,也就是说,法治是一种意图制度,在这种制度中,人们是透明的,人们在公共场合承担责任。这种不透明治理模式的新颖性强调了亚马逊人与争吵的连续性,并与之形成对比。
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引用次数: 0
Demanding from Others: How Ancestors and Shamans Govern Opacity in the Kalahari 对他人的要求:祖先和萨满如何治理卡拉哈里王朝的不透明
IF 1.3 3区 社会学 Q2 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-12-21 DOI: 10.1080/00141844.2021.2007156
M. Laws
ABSTRACT Among Jú|’hoànsi in the northern Kalahari, there are differences in the way people address their suspicions about what others might be thinking or feeling – in other words, in the way people confront the opacity of other minds. Among friends, playful forms of mockery allow people to express their suspicions or ill-feelings directly, without the fear of causing harm. Among relatives, by contrast, suspicions and ill-feelings are typically concealed. While people may talk about other minds when those minds are not around, they refrain from direct confrontation. To confront one’s relatives is to make them feel ‘pain in their hearts’, and to do so is to risk losing them to sickness or damaging enduring arrangements of care. Ancestors and shamans, who can see and hear more than others, play a crucial role here in governing opacity: exposing suspicions and ill-feelings when people feel they cannot speak of them.
摘要在卡拉哈里北部的Jú|'hoànsi中,人们对他人想法或感受的怀疑的处理方式存在差异,换句话说,人们面对他人思想不透明的方式也存在差异。在朋友之间,玩笑式的嘲笑可以让人们直接表达他们的怀疑或恶意,而不用担心造成伤害。相比之下,在亲属之间,猜疑和不愉快通常是隐藏的。当其他人不在身边时,人们可能会谈论他们的想法,但他们避免直接对抗。面对亲人是让他们感到“内心的痛苦”,这样做是冒着让他们生病或破坏持久护理安排的风险。祖先和萨满比其他人能看到和听到更多的东西,在治理不透明方面发挥着至关重要的作用:当人们觉得自己无法谈论怀疑和不良情绪时,他们会暴露出来。
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引用次数: 1
Governing Opacity: Regimes of Intention Management and Tools of Legibility 治理不透明:意图管理的制度和合法性的工具
IF 1.3 3区 社会学 Q2 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-12-21 DOI: 10.1080/00141844.2021.2007154
Natalia Buitron, Hans Steinmüller
ABSTRACT The intentions of others are ultimately opaque: we can never know exactly the mind of someone else. Yet humans continually attempt to ‘read’ the mental states of others and throughout history have created institutions that attempt to do so by managing intentions and thus addressing the opacity of other minds. The contributors of this special issue argue that the form in which we meet the fundamental challenge of the opacity of mind is decisive for the kinds of government we are able to imagine. Our introduction provides the framework for the exploration of the correlations between the management of opacity and the forms of government humans create. We draw attention to different ways of creating legibility, and corresponding practices of accountability, thus linking particular forms of intention management with particular ways of doing and imagining politics.
别人的意图最终是不透明的:我们永远不可能确切地知道别人的想法。然而,人类不断地试图“阅读”他人的精神状态,并在历史上创造了一些机构,试图通过管理意图来做到这一点,从而解决他人思想的不透明性。本期特刊的撰稿人认为,我们应对思想不透明这一根本挑战的形式,对我们能够想象的政府类型起着决定性的作用。我们的介绍为探索不透明管理与人类创造的政府形式之间的相关性提供了框架。我们提请注意创造易读性的不同方式,以及相应的问责制实践,从而将特定形式的意图管理与特定的政治行为和想象方式联系起来。
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引用次数: 1
Original Power Pointing: Legibility and Opacity in the Deictic Field 原始力量指向:指示场中的可读性和不透明性
IF 1.3 3区 社会学 Q2 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-12-16 DOI: 10.1080/00141844.2021.1981971
T. Widlok
ABSTRACT Governance by domination is easy to ‘read’ for political theory, but what about modes of governance that operate without centralised institutions? Such modes of governance are exemplified in the social relations of San in southern Africa. They rely on deictic practices (most fundamentally, pointing and being pointed at) that remain largely under the analytic radar of political theory. This contribution shows how such practices structure social interactions yet can also undermine domination. While state legibility is built on symbolic action, opacity in non-centralised environments is sustained through deictic action: The contribution shows that San strategies are not geared towards eliminating opacity or towards embracing it but rather towards dealing with it in a way that keeps egalitarian relations and personal autonomy in place. The observed practices are characterised by high degrees of mutuality and transience and are part of the larger repertoire of political levelling mechanisms that sustain egalitarianism.
摘要统治治理对于政治理论来说很容易“解读”,但没有中央集权机构的治理模式呢?这种治理模式体现在南部非洲桑的社会关系中。他们依赖于指示实践(最根本的是,指向和被指向),这些实践在很大程度上仍处于政治理论的分析雷达之下。这一贡献表明,这种做法是如何构建社会互动的,但也可能破坏统治。虽然国家的易读性建立在象征性行动之上,但非集中环境中的不透明性是通过指示性行动来维持的:这一贡献表明,San的战略并不是为了消除不透明性或拥抱不透明性,而是为了以保持平等关系和个人自主权的方式来处理不透明性。观察到的做法具有高度的相互性和短暂性,是维持平等主义的更大的政治平衡机制的一部分。
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引用次数: 0
The Extraordinary Ethics of Self-Defence: Embodied Vulnerability and Gun Rights among Transgender Shooters in the United States 非凡的自卫伦理:美国跨性别射击者的具体脆弱性和持枪权利
IF 1.3 3区 社会学 Q2 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-12-16 DOI: 10.1080/00141844.2021.2013281
Joe Anderson
ABSTRACT Ethical ways of being form in response to bodily perceptions of vulnerability. Arguments that position firearms as defensive tools have become increasingly common in debates about gun legislation over the last two decades. This rhetoric has its origin in counter-hegemonic movements like the Black Panther Party for Self-Defence, which argued that African-Americans need guns to resist state-sanctioned violence from the police. For white men and women, as well as transgender gun rights activists in San Diego, California, vulnerability forms a key part of the argument for expanding access to guns as defensive weapons. This ‘vulnerability politics’ (Carlson [2014a]. From Gun Politics to Self-Defence Politics: A Feminist Critique of the Great Gun Debate. Violence Against Women, 20(3):369–377) represents both a lived experience and ideological lens that informs ethical behaviour. Firearms owners fashion an ethical self through a combination of the prescribed, normative politics of gun rights rhetoric and creatively innovate with these scripts through their embodied experiences of threat.
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引用次数: 0
The Work of Pharmaceuticals in Austerity-Burdened Athens. Modes and Practices of Care in Times of Crisis 紧缩时期的制药工作给雅典带来了负担。危机时期的护理模式与实践
IF 1.3 3区 社会学 Q2 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-12-12 DOI: 10.1080/00141844.2021.2013282
Letizia Bonanno
ABSTRACT Based on ethnographic fieldwork carried out in a social clinic of solidarity on the outskirts of Athens, the article explores how modes and values of care are constantly reconfigured at the intersection of an ever-expanding grassroots voluntary medical sector, the state and the household in a moment of severe economic distress. It traces the changing relations of care across these three realms where diverse modes of care have traditionally unfolded. In suggesting that pharmaceuticals have become increasingly crucial to social, economic and political relations amongst citizens who can no longer afford health care, I show how in the Athenian context, the circulation, sharing and exchanging of pharmaceuticals reinforce collective social bonds and argue that domestic modes of care (frontida) have increasingly been informed by biomedical modes of care (iatriki perithalpsi) stemming from the intermittent availability and unavailability of pharmaceutical drugs.
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引用次数: 1
The Hill at the End of the World: Cosmopolitics and State Effects in the Bolivian Amazon 世界尽头的山丘:玻利维亚亚马逊地区的世界政治和国家影响
IF 1.3 3区 社会学 Q2 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-12-07 DOI: 10.1080/00141844.2021.2007157
Chuck Sturtevant
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引用次数: 1
Gestión: Ambivalence and Temporalities of Kinship and Politics in the Colombian Amazon Gestión:哥伦比亚亚马逊地区亲属关系和政治的模糊性和暂时性
IF 1.3 3区 社会学 Q2 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-12-02 DOI: 10.1080/00141844.2021.2009535
Daniela Castellanos, Cristian Erazo
ABSTRACT In the city of Mocoa in the Colombian Amazon, indigenous leaders capture desired resources for their communities using skilful navigation and engagement in the diverse institutional landscape of this bureaucratic centre of the Putumayo region. Interactions between these leaders and multiple political actors are locally known as gestión. In this article, we explore this ethnographic category by analysing the ways in which gestión interweaves kinship, politics and temporality. Describing gestión in the lives of two cousins, two Inga women who are both experienced leaders, we argue that it entails generating and fostering friendships and alliances by means of kinship networks and practices, which are central to capturing resources and maintaining relationships among ethnic leaders and communities, where mistrust is part of political dynamics and family life. We also show how leaders incorporate the temporalities of gestión into their lives through kinship notions to become powerful political agents in Mocoa.
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引用次数: 0
Between Muslims: Religious Difference in Iraqi Kurdistan 穆斯林之间:伊拉克库尔德斯坦的宗教差异
IF 1.3 3区 社会学 Q2 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-11-29 DOI: 10.1080/00141844.2021.2009001
Susan Macdougall
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引用次数: 0
Does Fiction Reading Make us Better People? Empathy and Morality in a Literary Empowerment Programme 阅读小说能让我们成为更好的人吗?文学赋权计划中的同理心与道德
IF 1.3 3区 社会学 Q2 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-11-24 DOI: 10.1080/00141844.2021.2007158
C. Christiansen
ABSTRACT Studies have proposed that participatory arts, particularly literature reading, enhance empathy, supposedly leading to enhanced moral judgment. Building on fieldwork in a Literary Empowerment Programme for people with mental vulnerabilities in Denmark, I seek to qualify the role of empathy, the ability to imaginatively put yourself in other people’s shoes, when reading literature in a social setting. I describe encounters with empathy and the limits thereof, as it happened in the reading groups investigated. Taking inspiration from Jarrett Zigon, these encounters are situated within the moral and ethical assemblage of the programme, whose objective was to create ‘literary free spaces’. I connect this objective to Scandinavian and Scottish Enlightenment values of freedom, equality and civil society. These insights are finally used to discuss future pathways for the anthropology of literature and reading, moving beyond a focus on understanding and meaning-making processes.
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引用次数: 3
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Ethnos
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