Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5771/0935-9915-2023-1-1
R. Lueg, Raluca Elena Paraschiv
We empirically study the diffusion of value-based management (VBM) in small capital markets. Specifically, we analyse the factors that influence VBM adoption in Danish-listed firms. Based on a hand-collected data set covering 665 firm years from 2002 to 2010, we find that the same factors influence the diffusion of VBM in both large and small capital markets. Specifically, we find that large firms with a higher percentage of institutional ownership and with a CEO whose education is business-related are more likely to adopt VBM. Additionally, the control variables reveal a significant positive correlation between VBM adoption and leverage, capital intensity, liquidity, and the characteristics of top executives. Furthermore, we find that manufacturing and utility firms are more likely to adopt VBM than service or trade firms. Contrary to the mainstream opinion, we contribute to the literature that findings from large capital markets appear to be transferable to firms in small capital markets.
{"title":"Diffusion Patterns in Small vs Large Capital Markets – the Case of Value-Based Management","authors":"R. Lueg, Raluca Elena Paraschiv","doi":"10.5771/0935-9915-2023-1-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/0935-9915-2023-1-1","url":null,"abstract":"We empirically study the diffusion of value-based management (VBM) in small capital markets. Specifically, we analyse the factors that influence VBM adoption in Danish-listed firms. Based on a hand-collected data set covering 665 firm years from 2002 to 2010, we find that the same factors influence the diffusion of VBM in both large and small capital markets. Specifically, we find that large firms with a higher percentage of institutional ownership and with a CEO whose education is business-related are more likely to adopt VBM. Additionally, the control variables reveal a significant positive correlation between VBM adoption and leverage, capital intensity, liquidity, and the characteristics of top executives. Furthermore, we find that manufacturing and utility firms are more likely to adopt VBM than service or trade firms. Contrary to the mainstream opinion, we contribute to the literature that findings from large capital markets appear to be transferable to firms in small capital markets.","PeriodicalId":47269,"journal":{"name":"Management Revue","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85619345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5771/0935-9915-2023-1-30
Susan M. Kohaut, Iris Möller
Although women are as well educated as men, they do not reach a proportion in management that reflects their workforce share. Obviously, different actors' policies are required to help promote women to leading positions. This paper addresses the question of whether the introduction and existence of special promotion programs for women impact the probability of reaching a management position. Social role and expectation state theory argue why it is difficult for women to rise to leadership positions. On the organisational level, the "homophily principle" leads to state dependence which is one explanation for the persistence of male leadership. Hence, it is argued that women need special opportunities to demonstrate their skills. Mentoring programs could be one way to support women in their careers. In multivariate analyses, probit models are estimated to model the influence of promotion programs on the probability of reaching a leading position. The estimations are based on a German linked employer-employee dataset of almost 142,000 women employed in 3,240 establishments. The dataset covers the time from 2008 to 2014 and allows to control for individual and firm-specific variables. The results show that the introduction of women-friendly policies increases the probability of reaching a managerial position, whereas the existence of such programs does not have an impact.
{"title":"Women and Leading Positions in Germany: The Role of Promotion Programs for Women","authors":"Susan M. Kohaut, Iris Möller","doi":"10.5771/0935-9915-2023-1-30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/0935-9915-2023-1-30","url":null,"abstract":"Although women are as well educated as men, they do not reach a proportion in management that reflects their workforce share. Obviously, different actors' policies are required to help promote women to leading positions. This paper addresses the question of whether the introduction and existence of special promotion programs for women impact the probability of reaching a management position. Social role and expectation state theory argue why it is difficult for women to rise to leadership positions. On the organisational level, the \"homophily principle\" leads to state dependence which is one explanation for the persistence of male leadership. Hence, it is argued that women need special opportunities to demonstrate their skills. Mentoring programs could be one way to support women in their careers. In multivariate analyses, probit models are estimated to model the influence of promotion programs on the probability of reaching a leading position. The estimations are based on a German linked employer-employee dataset of almost 142,000 women employed in 3,240 establishments. The dataset covers the time from 2008 to 2014 and allows to control for individual and firm-specific variables. The results show that the introduction of women-friendly policies increases the probability of reaching a managerial position, whereas the existence of such programs does not have an impact.","PeriodicalId":47269,"journal":{"name":"Management Revue","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74251321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5771/0935-9915-2023-2-146
Tobias Bruegger
What is the job of corporate managers? Management research has offered various perspectives on managerial work and on what the priority of managers should be, related to different views of the corporation and its objective. In this paper, I adopt a historically contextualized view of the institution of the corporation and argue that the first responsibility of corporate managers is to search for God. I draw upon the work of Michael Thomas Black to develop two strands to this argument: first, the priority of searching for God corresponds to the way corporations operate. Second, managers’ not searching for God results in their being directed by some form of ambition, which leads to corporate corruption. In corporate management, searching for God involves accounting for how the interests of the corporation as a distinct entity are embodied in what managers do. The paper offers a synthesis of Michael Black’s work that focuses on the first responsibility of corporate managers. It contributes to four issues of a managerial theory of the firm related to managerial orientation: the inescapable conundrums of managing, the role of stock- and stakeholders, ownership, and value creation. It draws implications for accounting and corporate regulation.
公司经理的工作是什么?管理研究提供了关于管理工作和管理者优先事项的各种观点，这些观点与公司及其目标的不同观点有关。在本文中，我对公司制度采取了一种历史语境化的观点，并认为公司管理者的首要责任是寻找上帝。我借鉴迈克尔•托马斯•布莱克(Michael Thomas Black)的研究成果，对这一论点提出了两条思路:首先，寻找上帝的优先顺序与企业的运营方式相对应。其次，管理者不寻求上帝导致他们被某种形式的野心所引导，从而导致公司腐败。在公司管理中，寻找上帝涉及到公司作为一个独特实体的利益如何体现在管理者的行为中。这篇论文综合了迈克尔•布莱克(Michael Black)关注企业管理者第一责任的著作。它为与管理取向相关的企业管理理论的四个问题做出了贡献:管理中不可避免的难题、股票和利益相关者的角色、所有权和价值创造。它给会计和公司监管带来了启示。
{"title":"Management’s First Responsibility","authors":"Tobias Bruegger","doi":"10.5771/0935-9915-2023-2-146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/0935-9915-2023-2-146","url":null,"abstract":"What is the job of corporate managers? Management research has offered various perspectives on managerial work and on what the priority of managers should be, related to different views of the corporation and its objective. In this paper, I adopt a historically contextualized view of the institution of the corporation and argue that the first responsibility of corporate managers is to search for God. I draw upon the work of Michael Thomas Black to develop two strands to this argument: first, the priority of searching for God corresponds to the way corporations operate. Second, managers’ not searching for God results in their being directed by some form of ambition, which leads to corporate corruption. In corporate management, searching for God involves accounting for how the interests of the corporation as a distinct entity are embodied in what managers do. The paper offers a synthesis of Michael Black’s work that focuses on the first responsibility of corporate managers. It contributes to four issues of a managerial theory of the firm related to managerial orientation: the inescapable conundrums of managing, the role of stock- and stakeholders, ownership, and value creation. It draws implications for accounting and corporate regulation.","PeriodicalId":47269,"journal":{"name":"Management Revue","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136256751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5771/0935-9915-2023-2-93
{"title":"Obituary for Dr Richard Croucher","authors":"","doi":"10.5771/0935-9915-2023-2-93","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/0935-9915-2023-2-93","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47269,"journal":{"name":"Management Revue","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136256773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5771/0935-9915-2023-2-96
Dorothea Alewell, Tobias Bruegger, Katja Rost, Peter Wirtz
In his book The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, Weber (1904) identified the Calvinist type of the Protestant ethic as a significant influence in shaping capitalism in Northern Europe. We may observe different transformation processes in geographical areas influenced by other religious traditions, such as Islam, Judaism, Confucianism, and Buddhism. Nevertheless, religion also played a decisive role in forming a modern economic system. In some Western societies, religion is overwhelmingly practised in the private sphere, and religion no longer seems to have any explicit meaning in their enterprises. Nevertheless, religion continues to play a major role in other societies, and even in very secular societies, values, norms, and business convictions are not completely detached from religious beliefs. This is indicated in the modern business world by various developments: the involvement of continental European banks in Islamic banking, the dispute over the publication of religious cartoons in magazines, the debate over the wearing of religious symbols such as the headscarf in the business world, and the integration of religious groups in companies in the context of diversity management discourses.
{"title":"Introduction to the Special Issue \"Religion, Spirituality, and Faith in a Secular Business World","authors":"Dorothea Alewell, Tobias Bruegger, Katja Rost, Peter Wirtz","doi":"10.5771/0935-9915-2023-2-96","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/0935-9915-2023-2-96","url":null,"abstract":"In his book The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, Weber (1904) identified the Calvinist type of the Protestant ethic as a significant influence in shaping capitalism in Northern Europe. We may observe different transformation processes in geographical areas influenced by other religious traditions, such as Islam, Judaism, Confucianism, and Buddhism. Nevertheless, religion also played a decisive role in forming a modern economic system. In some Western societies, religion is overwhelmingly practised in the private sphere, and religion no longer seems to have any explicit meaning in their enterprises. Nevertheless, religion continues to play a major role in other societies, and even in very secular societies, values, norms, and business convictions are not completely detached from religious beliefs. This is indicated in the modern business world by various developments: the involvement of continental European banks in Islamic banking, the dispute over the publication of religious cartoons in magazines, the debate over the wearing of religious symbols such as the headscarf in the business world, and the integration of religious groups in companies in the context of diversity management discourses.","PeriodicalId":47269,"journal":{"name":"Management Revue","volume":"120 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136256749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5771/0935-9915-2023-2-169
Ksenia Keplinger, Birgit Feldbauer-Durstmüller
Combining Schlenker et al.’s (1994) accountability pyramid with the accountability framework formulated by Joannidés (2012), we conduct a qualitative study of a Benedictine community to better understand the nature of accountability in the non-English speaking context and investigate informal accountability practices that helped to sustain Benedictine organisations for more than 1,500 years. The findings suggest that monastic accountability is positive in its nature and can be conceptualised as a social and moral relationship between a believer (an account giver) and God (the highest principal) supported by the monastic leader(s) making sure that account givers adhere to certain standards and fulfil particular obligations in their daily lives. The Benedictines emphasise positive accountability enactment by implementing informal accountability practices based on trust, shared values, and mutual respect. Evaluative inquiries through an open dialogue between parties involved, social control through informal rewards and sanctions, individual appreciation through public announcements, collective discourse through regular input and two-way feedback, and leader accessibility through listening and informal information exchange are examples of informal accountability practices that guide the behaviour of the Benedictines towards the achievement of community goals and can also be adapted by non-religious organisations.
结合Schlenker et al.(1994)的问责金字塔和joannidsamos(2012)制定的问责框架，我们对本笃会社区进行了定性研究，以更好地理解非英语环境下问责的本质，并调查帮助本笃会组织维持1500多年的非正式问责实践。研究结果表明，修道院的问责制本质上是积极的，可以被概念化为信徒(交代者)和上帝(最高负责人)之间的社会和道德关系，由修道院领导人支持，确保交代者在日常生活中遵守一定的标准并履行特定的义务。本笃会强调通过实施基于信任、共同价值观和相互尊重的非正式问责实践，制定积极的问责制。通过有关各方之间的公开对话进行评价性询问，通过非正式奖励和制裁进行社会控制，通过公开公告进行个人赞赏，通过定期投入和双向反馈进行集体讨论，以及通过倾听和非正式的信息交流来接近领导者，这些都是非正式问责实践的例子，这些实践指导本笃会的行为朝着实现社区目标的方向发展，也可以被非宗教组织采用。
{"title":"Accountability is a Two-way Street: The Meaning of Accountability and Informal Accountability Practices in the Monastic Context","authors":"Ksenia Keplinger, Birgit Feldbauer-Durstmüller","doi":"10.5771/0935-9915-2023-2-169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/0935-9915-2023-2-169","url":null,"abstract":"Combining Schlenker et al.’s (1994) accountability pyramid with the accountability framework formulated by Joannidés (2012), we conduct a qualitative study of a Benedictine community to better understand the nature of accountability in the non-English speaking context and investigate informal accountability practices that helped to sustain Benedictine organisations for more than 1,500 years. The findings suggest that monastic accountability is positive in its nature and can be conceptualised as a social and moral relationship between a believer (an account giver) and God (the highest principal) supported by the monastic leader(s) making sure that account givers adhere to certain standards and fulfil particular obligations in their daily lives. The Benedictines emphasise positive accountability enactment by implementing informal accountability practices based on trust, shared values, and mutual respect. Evaluative inquiries through an open dialogue between parties involved, social control through informal rewards and sanctions, individual appreciation through public announcements, collective discourse through regular input and two-way feedback, and leader accessibility through listening and informal information exchange are examples of informal accountability practices that guide the behaviour of the Benedictines towards the achievement of community goals and can also be adapted by non-religious organisations.","PeriodicalId":47269,"journal":{"name":"Management Revue","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136256748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5771/0935-9915-2023-2-116
Tanja Wolf, Birgit Feldbauer-Durstmüller
As spirituality provides people with meaning in life and informs their sense of values and ethics, there is increasing interest among management scholars concerning this research field. People are characterised by an innate need to find meaning in their lives and work. Consequently, management theory and practice are challenged to address such topics. One controversy is the discussion of what kind of spirituality is debated in management theory and practice. The majority of publications emphasise the positive consequences of spirituality, thereby considering it as a management tool for improving the performance of employees and organisations. By contrast, critical approaches to spirituality focus on a serious debate about the meaning of life and work, including a critical analysis of organisations and managerial practices. Although research on critical spirituality spans a range of diverse disciplines, an interdisciplinary systematic analysis is still missing. This systematic review aims to present an overview of critical spirituality by integrating knowledge from diverse disciplines. It contributes to the management discourse by providing an understanding of spirituality beyond traditional management perspectives with a synthesised overview of the most influential theoretical foundations and key themes of critical spirituality as well as a framework of implications for management theory and practice.
{"title":"An Integrative Review of Critical Spirituality","authors":"Tanja Wolf, Birgit Feldbauer-Durstmüller","doi":"10.5771/0935-9915-2023-2-116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/0935-9915-2023-2-116","url":null,"abstract":"As spirituality provides people with meaning in life and informs their sense of values and ethics, there is increasing interest among management scholars concerning this research field. People are characterised by an innate need to find meaning in their lives and work. Consequently, management theory and practice are challenged to address such topics. One controversy is the discussion of what kind of spirituality is debated in management theory and practice. The majority of publications emphasise the positive consequences of spirituality, thereby considering it as a management tool for improving the performance of employees and organisations. By contrast, critical approaches to spirituality focus on a serious debate about the meaning of life and work, including a critical analysis of organisations and managerial practices. Although research on critical spirituality spans a range of diverse disciplines, an interdisciplinary systematic analysis is still missing. This systematic review aims to present an overview of critical spirituality by integrating knowledge from diverse disciplines. It contributes to the management discourse by providing an understanding of spirituality beyond traditional management perspectives with a synthesised overview of the most influential theoretical foundations and key themes of critical spirituality as well as a framework of implications for management theory and practice.","PeriodicalId":47269,"journal":{"name":"Management Revue","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136257117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5771/0935-9915-2023-2-194
Dorothea Alewell, Kira Conen, Tobias Moll, Marie-Therese Wiese
The COVID-19 pandemic has various consequences on employees that negatively affect their work and personal lives. According to previous research, spirituality helps one to cope with negative life events relating to uncertainty and Unverfügbarbeit. We investigate whether spirituality at work moderates the relationship between the pandemic's negative consequences and both job and life satisfaction. In a large-scale two-wave panel study with 1,468 participants (December to November 2019 and June to July 2020) in Germany, participants were surveyed for the severity of individual negative consequences of the pandemic, their job and life satisfaction, and their spirituality at work. The results show that job and life satisfaction are negatively related to the pandemic's negative consequences. Spirituality at work significantly moderates the relationship between negative consequences and life satisfaction as well as job satisfaction. However, the moderation effect on the job satisfaction model is only weakly significant. Thus, within the (work) life-changing circumstances of the pandemic, high spirituality at work can help one to cope with the negative consequences, buffering their impacts on job and life satisfaction. Employers can help to maintain or strengthen their employees' well-being by facilitating and supporting spirituality at work via HRM.
{"title":"Spirituality as a Buffer Between Negative Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Life as Well as Job Satisfaction?","authors":"Dorothea Alewell, Kira Conen, Tobias Moll, Marie-Therese Wiese","doi":"10.5771/0935-9915-2023-2-194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/0935-9915-2023-2-194","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic has various consequences on employees that negatively affect their work and personal lives. According to previous research, spirituality helps one to cope with negative life events relating to uncertainty and Unverfügbarbeit. We investigate whether spirituality at work moderates the relationship between the pandemic's negative consequences and both job and life satisfaction. In a large-scale two-wave panel study with 1,468 participants (December to November 2019 and June to July 2020) in Germany, participants were surveyed for the severity of individual negative consequences of the pandemic, their job and life satisfaction, and their spirituality at work. The results show that job and life satisfaction are negatively related to the pandemic's negative consequences. Spirituality at work significantly moderates the relationship between negative consequences and life satisfaction as well as job satisfaction. However, the moderation effect on the job satisfaction model is only weakly significant. Thus, within the (work) life-changing circumstances of the pandemic, high spirituality at work can help one to cope with the negative consequences, buffering their impacts on job and life satisfaction. Employers can help to maintain or strengthen their employees' well-being by facilitating and supporting spirituality at work via HRM.","PeriodicalId":47269,"journal":{"name":"Management Revue","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136257629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5771/0935-9915-2023-1-53
Harun Şeşen, Semih Soran
The aim of this study is to examine the moderating role of organisational tenure on the relationship between job crafting and job boredom. For this purpose, a sample of 315 professional accountants from 82 independent audit companies listed on the Public Disclosure Platform was used. The data were analysed using hierarchical regression in addition to slope analysis. Analysis results show the negative relationship between job crafting and job boredom is significantly stronger for short organisational tenure. Additionally, strong job crafting is more likely to disengage accountants from job boredom when they have short tenure compared to long tenure.
{"title":"The Moderating role of Organizational Tenure on the Relation between Job Crafting and Job Boredom: A Study on Accountants","authors":"Harun Şeşen, Semih Soran","doi":"10.5771/0935-9915-2023-1-53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/0935-9915-2023-1-53","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to examine the moderating role of organisational tenure on the relationship between job crafting and job boredom. For this purpose, a sample of 315 professional accountants from 82 independent audit companies listed on the Public Disclosure Platform was used. The data were analysed using hierarchical regression in addition to slope analysis. Analysis results show the negative relationship between job crafting and job boredom is significantly stronger for short organisational tenure. Additionally, strong job crafting is more likely to disengage accountants from job boredom when they have short tenure compared to long tenure.","PeriodicalId":47269,"journal":{"name":"Management Revue","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73351718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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