Pub Date : 2020-04-28DOI: 10.1017/s0008423920000359
Stéphanie Chouinard, Martin Normand
Since the COVID-19 outbreak, a gradual loosening of linguistic obligations in public institutions and governments has been observed in various jurisdictions in Canada. This article argues that in addition to legal requirements to provide minority language services, it is not justifiable for governments to suspend or curtail such services in an emergency situation, for reasons pertaining to public safety and public health. After performing a survey and analysis of government actions against their constitutional, legislative, and policy language obligations to highlight best practices and deficiencies, we discuss the policy implications of these actions. In conclusion, the article considers how governments could better uphold their language obligations in times of emergency.
{"title":"Talk COVID to Me: Language Rights and Canadian Government Responses to the Pandemic","authors":"Stéphanie Chouinard, Martin Normand","doi":"10.1017/s0008423920000359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0008423920000359","url":null,"abstract":"Since the COVID-19 outbreak, a gradual loosening of linguistic obligations in public institutions and governments has been observed in various jurisdictions in Canada. This article argues that in addition to legal requirements to provide minority language services, it is not justifiable for governments to suspend or curtail such services in an emergency situation, for reasons pertaining to public safety and public health. After performing a survey and analysis of government actions against their constitutional, legislative, and policy language obligations to highlight best practices and deficiencies, we discuss the policy implications of these actions. In conclusion, the article considers how governments could better uphold their language obligations in times of emergency.","PeriodicalId":47302,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Political Science-Revue Canadienne De Science Politique","volume":"9 1","pages":"1 - 6"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2020-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87610895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-20DOI: 10.1017/S0008423920000323
D. Béland, André Lecours, M. Paquet, Trevor Tombe
The COVID-19 crisis could trigger a critical juncture for several institutional arrangements in Canada, potentially leading to notable changes in fiscal federalism. This research note combines insights from historical institutionalism with recent economic and fiscal projections to explore avenues for reform in response to the COVID-19 crisis. Given the magnitude of the crisis, provincial governments may be unable to absorb the fiscal costs on their own. But vast differences in fiscal and economic circumstances across provinces make federal arrangements difficult to design. We argue that intergovernmental power dynamics and the principle of provincial autonomy are particularly important considerations in thinking about fiscal federalism post–COVID-19.
{"title":"A Critical Juncture in Fiscal Federalism? Canada's Response to COVID-19","authors":"D. Béland, André Lecours, M. Paquet, Trevor Tombe","doi":"10.1017/S0008423920000323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0008423920000323","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 crisis could trigger a critical juncture for several institutional arrangements in Canada, potentially leading to notable changes in fiscal federalism. This research note combines insights from historical institutionalism with recent economic and fiscal projections to explore avenues for reform in response to the COVID-19 crisis. Given the magnitude of the crisis, provincial governments may be unable to absorb the fiscal costs on their own. But vast differences in fiscal and economic circumstances across provinces make federal arrangements difficult to design. We argue that intergovernmental power dynamics and the principle of provincial autonomy are particularly important considerations in thinking about fiscal federalism post–COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":47302,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Political Science-Revue Canadienne De Science Politique","volume":"130 1","pages":"1 - 5"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2020-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73588021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-14DOI: 10.1017/s0008423920000293
A. McDougall
This research note examines the undefined meaning of the government's obligations to ensure “continuity of constitutional government” (CCG) as provided for in section 4(l) of the Emergency Management Act, S.C. 2007, c. 15 (Canada, 2007). Specifically, that section gives the minister of public safety and emergency preparedness the responsibility for “establishing the necessary arrangements for the continuity of constitutional government in the event of an emergency,” but the term is itself undefined. The article will canvass the origin of the term and its relationship to other so-called continuity of government (COG) concepts, along with some legal written opinion on what the term might in practice mean, should the minister ever be charged with discharging this responsibility. It will conclude with some final thoughts on the relevance of the CCG concept to the current pandemic. Given that the COVID-19 virus has infected Sophie Grégoire Trudeau, the prime minister's wife, forced a drastically reduced and possibly “virtual” federal Parliament, placed the British prime minister in intensive care and led to the self-isolation of many world leaders, the topic is relevant to Canada in 2020.
本研究报告考察了《紧急管理法》第4(l)条(S.C. 2007, c. 15)(加拿大，2007)规定的政府确保“宪政政府连续性”(CCG)的义务的未定义含义。具体而言，该节赋予公共安全和应急准备部长"在紧急情况下为宪政的连续性作出必要安排"的责任，但这一术语本身没有定义。这篇文章将探讨这个术语的起源，以及它与其他所谓的政府连续性(COG)概念的关系，以及一些关于这个术语在实践中可能意味着什么的法律书面意见，如果部长被指控履行这一责任的话。最后，本报告将对CCG概念与当前大流行病的相关性提出一些看法。鉴于2019冠状病毒病感染了总理的妻子索菲·格拉姆格尔·特鲁多，迫使联邦议会大幅缩减，甚至可能是“虚拟的”，英国首相被送入重症监护室，许多世界领导人自我隔离，这个话题与2020年的加拿大有关。
{"title":"Continuity of Constitutional Government during a Pandemic: Considering the Concept in Canada's Emergency Management Act","authors":"A. McDougall","doi":"10.1017/s0008423920000293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0008423920000293","url":null,"abstract":"This research note examines the undefined meaning of the government's obligations to ensure “continuity of constitutional government” (CCG) as provided for in section 4(l) of the Emergency Management Act, S.C. 2007, c. 15 (Canada, 2007). Specifically, that section gives the minister of public safety and emergency preparedness the responsibility for “establishing the necessary arrangements for the continuity of constitutional government in the event of an emergency,” but the term is itself undefined. The article will canvass the origin of the term and its relationship to other so-called continuity of government (COG) concepts, along with some legal written opinion on what the term might in practice mean, should the minister ever be charged with discharging this responsibility. It will conclude with some final thoughts on the relevance of the CCG concept to the current pandemic. Given that the COVID-19 virus has infected Sophie Grégoire Trudeau, the prime minister's wife, forced a drastically reduced and possibly “virtual” federal Parliament, placed the British prime minister in intensive care and led to the self-isolation of many world leaders, the topic is relevant to Canada in 2020.","PeriodicalId":47302,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Political Science-Revue Canadienne De Science Politique","volume":"58 1","pages":"1 - 6"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2020-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77558065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-14DOI: 10.1017/S0008423920000281
M. Paquet, Robert Schertzer
Federations increasingly face complex policy challenges, from managing climate change to mass migration. COVID-19 is a prime example of this emerging type of problem. This research note introduces the concept of complex intergovernmental problems (CIPs) to better understand these types of challenges.
{"title":"COVID-19 as a Complex Intergovernmental Problem","authors":"M. Paquet, Robert Schertzer","doi":"10.1017/S0008423920000281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0008423920000281","url":null,"abstract":"Federations increasingly face complex policy challenges, from managing climate change to mass migration. COVID-19 is a prime example of this emerging type of problem. This research note introduces the concept of complex intergovernmental problems (CIPs) to better understand these types of challenges.","PeriodicalId":47302,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Political Science-Revue Canadienne De Science Politique","volume":"37 1","pages":"1 - 5"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2020-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87207919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-10DOI: 10.1017/S000842392000030X
Semra Sevi, Marco Mendoza Aviña, Gabrielle Péloquin-Skulski, Emmanuel Heisbourg, Paola Vegas, Maxime Coulombe, Vincent Arel‐Bundock, P. Loewen, A. Blais
The SARS-CoV-2 virus was first identified in Wuhan, China, in late December 2019, and it quickly spread to many countries. By March 2020, the virus had triggered a global pandemic (World Health Organization, 2020). In response to this crisis, governments have implemented unprecedented public health measures. The success of these policies will largely depend on the public's willingness to comply with new rules. A key factor in citizens’ willingness to comply is their understanding of the data that motivate government action. In this study, we examine how different ways of presenting these data visually can affect citizen's perceptions, attitudes and support for public policy.
{"title":"Logarithmic versus Linear Visualizations of COVID-19 Cases Do Not Affect Citizens’ Support for Confinement","authors":"Semra Sevi, Marco Mendoza Aviña, Gabrielle Péloquin-Skulski, Emmanuel Heisbourg, Paola Vegas, Maxime Coulombe, Vincent Arel‐Bundock, P. Loewen, A. Blais","doi":"10.1017/S000842392000030X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S000842392000030X","url":null,"abstract":"The SARS-CoV-2 virus was first identified in Wuhan, China, in late December 2019, and it quickly spread to many countries. By March 2020, the virus had triggered a global pandemic (World Health Organization, 2020). In response to this crisis, governments have implemented unprecedented public health measures. The success of these policies will largely depend on the public's willingness to comply with new rules. A key factor in citizens’ willingness to comply is their understanding of the data that motivate government action. In this study, we examine how different ways of presenting these data visually can affect citizen's perceptions, attitudes and support for public policy.","PeriodicalId":47302,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Political Science-Revue Canadienne De Science Politique","volume":"98 1","pages":"1 - 6"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2020-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80855512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-09DOI: 10.1017/S0008423920000311
Eric Merkley, Aengus Bridgman, P. Loewen, Taylor Owen, D. Ruths, Oleg Zhilin
The COVID-19 pandemic requires an effort to coordinate the actions of government and society in a way unmatched in recent history. Individual citizens need to voluntarily sacrifice economic and social activity for an indefinite period of time to protect others. At the same time, we know that public opinion tends to become polarized on highly salient issues, except when political elites are in consensus (Berinsky, 2009; Zaller, 1992). Avoiding elite and public polarization is thus essential for an effective societal response to the pandemic. In the United States, there appears to be elite and public polarization on the severity of the pandemic (Gadarian et al., 2020). Other evidence suggests that polarization is undermining compliance with social distancing (Cornelson and Miloucheva, 2020). Using a multimethod approach, we show that Canadian political elites and the public are in a unique period of cross-partisan consensus on important questions related to the COVID-19 pandemic, such as its seriousness and the necessity of social distancing.
COVID-19大流行需要以近代历史上无与伦比的方式协调政府和社会的行动。为了保护他人，公民个人需要自愿无限期地牺牲经济和社会活动。与此同时，我们知道，除非政治精英达成共识，否则公众舆论往往会在高度突出的问题上变得两极分化(Berinsky, 2009;Zaller, 1992)。因此，避免精英和公众两极分化对于有效应对这一流行病至关重要。在美国，精英和公众对疫情严重程度的看法似乎两极分化(Gadarian et al.， 2020)。其他证据表明，两极分化正在破坏对社交距离的遵守(Cornelson和Miloucheva, 2020)。通过多种方法，我们表明，加拿大政治精英和公众正处于一个独特的时期，在与COVID-19大流行相关的重要问题上，如其严重性和保持社交距离的必要性，两党达成了共识。
{"title":"A Rare Moment of Cross-Partisan Consensus: Elite and Public Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Canada","authors":"Eric Merkley, Aengus Bridgman, P. Loewen, Taylor Owen, D. Ruths, Oleg Zhilin","doi":"10.1017/S0008423920000311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0008423920000311","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic requires an effort to coordinate the actions of government and society in a way unmatched in recent history. Individual citizens need to voluntarily sacrifice economic and social activity for an indefinite period of time to protect others. At the same time, we know that public opinion tends to become polarized on highly salient issues, except when political elites are in consensus (Berinsky, 2009; Zaller, 1992). Avoiding elite and public polarization is thus essential for an effective societal response to the pandemic. In the United States, there appears to be elite and public polarization on the severity of the pandemic (Gadarian et al., 2020). Other evidence suggests that polarization is undermining compliance with social distancing (Cornelson and Miloucheva, 2020). Using a multimethod approach, we show that Canadian political elites and the public are in a unique period of cross-partisan consensus on important questions related to the COVID-19 pandemic, such as its seriousness and the necessity of social distancing.","PeriodicalId":47302,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Political Science-Revue Canadienne De Science Politique","volume":"51 1","pages":"1 - 8"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2020-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89958724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-07DOI: 10.1017/S0008423920000256
Emmett Macfarlane
Federal and provincial policy responses to the COVID-19 pandemic raise a host of constitutional issues that decision makers must pay heed to or risk serious violations of individual rights under the Charter of Rights and Freedoms. This research note will examine a number of policy challenges as they relate to mobility rights (s. 6), legal rights (ss. 7 through 14), and equality rights (s. 15) and will articulate the factors that policy makers should consider in design and implementation. Other important constitutional questions, such as those relating to the division of powers, emergency powers and the relationship between the executive and Parliament, have also emerged in Canada but are beyond the scope of this note.
{"title":"Public Policy and Constitutional Rights in Times of Crisis","authors":"Emmett Macfarlane","doi":"10.1017/S0008423920000256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0008423920000256","url":null,"abstract":"Federal and provincial policy responses to the COVID-19 pandemic raise a host of constitutional issues that decision makers must pay heed to or risk serious violations of individual rights under the Charter of Rights and Freedoms. This research note will examine a number of policy challenges as they relate to mobility rights (s. 6), legal rights (ss. 7 through 14), and equality rights (s. 15) and will articulate the factors that policy makers should consider in design and implementation. Other important constitutional questions, such as those relating to the division of powers, emergency powers and the relationship between the executive and Parliament, have also emerged in Canada but are beyond the scope of this note.","PeriodicalId":47302,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Political Science-Revue Canadienne De Science Politique","volume":"18 1","pages":"1 - 5"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2020-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91125894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-01DOI: 10.1017/S0008423920000335
S. Brouard, P. Vasilopoulos, Michael Becher
The COVID-19 disease was first identified in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, having since spread rapidly across the world. The infection and mortality rates of the disease have forced governments to implement a wave of public health measures. Depending on the context, these range from the implementation of simple hygienic rules to measures such as social distancing or lockdowns that cause major disruptions in citizens’ daily lives. The success of these crucial public health measures rests on the public's willingness to comply. However, individual differences in following the official public health recommendations for stopping the spread of COVID-19 have not yet to our knowledge been assessed. This study aims to fill this gap by assessing the sociodemographic and psychological correlates of implementing public health recommendations that aim to halt the COVID-19 pandemic. We investigate these associations in the context of France, one of the countries that has been most severely affected by the pandemic, and which ended up under a nationwide lockdown on March 17. In the next sections we describe our theoretical expectations over the associations between sociodemographics, personality, ideology, and emotions with abiding by the COVID-19 public health measures. We then test these hypotheses using data from the French Election Study.
{"title":"Sociodemographic and Psychological Correlates of Compliance with the COVID-19 Public Health Measures in France","authors":"S. Brouard, P. Vasilopoulos, Michael Becher","doi":"10.1017/S0008423920000335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0008423920000335","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 disease was first identified in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, having since spread rapidly across the world. The infection and mortality rates of the disease have forced governments to implement a wave of public health measures. Depending on the context, these range from the implementation of simple hygienic rules to measures such as social distancing or lockdowns that cause major disruptions in citizens’ daily lives. The success of these crucial public health measures rests on the public's willingness to comply. However, individual differences in following the official public health recommendations for stopping the spread of COVID-19 have not yet to our knowledge been assessed. This study aims to fill this gap by assessing the sociodemographic and psychological correlates of implementing public health recommendations that aim to halt the COVID-19 pandemic. We investigate these associations in the context of France, one of the countries that has been most severely affected by the pandemic, and which ended up under a nationwide lockdown on March 17. In the next sections we describe our theoretical expectations over the associations between sociodemographics, personality, ideology, and emotions with abiding by the COVID-19 public health measures. We then test these hypotheses using data from the French Election Study.","PeriodicalId":47302,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Political Science-Revue Canadienne De Science Politique","volume":"29 1","pages":"1 - 6"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81270905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-01-01DOI: 10.1017/s0008423901777803
B Arneil
{"title":"Women as wives, servants and slaves: rethinking the public/private divide.","authors":"B Arneil","doi":"10.1017/s0008423901777803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0008423901777803","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47302,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Political Science-Revue Canadienne De Science Politique","volume":"34 1","pages":"29-54"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/s0008423901777803","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27946987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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