Pub Date : 2024-09-20eCollection Date: 2024-09-01DOI: 10.1007/s40617-024-00988-0
Jennifer L Austin, Adithyan Rajaraman, Lauren Beaulieu
Trauma-informed care (TIC) refers to the guiding principles that inform how organizations or individuals arrange services with respect to acknowledging both the prevalence and impact of trauma. Given the elevated risks of trauma in the populations with which many behavior analysts work, clarifying why, how, and if TIC should be incorporated into behavior analytic work seems prudent. Although the core commitments of TIC are inherently aligned with ethical and effective applied behavior analytic practice, there are few exemplars of how TIC can be intentionally incorporated into behavioral assessment and treatment. This special issue is intended to begin to fill that gap, as well as to promote further discussion of the benefits and limitations of TIC in ABA. In this introduction, we review both the prevalence and potential outcomes of trauma, as well as attempting to dispel misconceptions about TIC that appear common among the behavior analytic community. We highlight how the articles in the special issue are important in developing an evidence base for TIC in ABA, as well as suggesting areas for future research.
创伤知情护理(TIC)是指指导组织或个人如何安排服务的原则,即承认创伤的普遍性和影响。鉴于许多行为分析师所服务的人群中心理创伤的风险较高,澄清为什么、如何以及是否应将 TIC 纳入行为分析工作似乎是明智之举。虽然 TIC 的核心承诺本质上与道德和有效的应用行为分析实践相一致,但如何将 TIC 有意识地融入行为评估和治疗中,却鲜有范例。本特刊旨在填补这一空白,并促进对 TIC 在 ABA 中的益处和局限性的进一步讨论。在这篇导言中,我们回顾了创伤的普遍性和潜在后果,并试图消除行为分析界对 TIC 的误解。我们强调了本特刊中的文章在为 ABA 中的 TIC 建立证据基础方面的重要性,并提出了未来研究的领域。
{"title":"Facilitating Greater Understanding of Trauma-Informed Care in Applied Behavior Analysis: An Introduction to the Special Issue.","authors":"Jennifer L Austin, Adithyan Rajaraman, Lauren Beaulieu","doi":"10.1007/s40617-024-00988-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40617-024-00988-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Trauma-informed care (TIC) refers to the guiding principles that inform how organizations or individuals arrange services with respect to acknowledging both the prevalence and impact of trauma. Given the elevated risks of trauma in the populations with which many behavior analysts work, clarifying why, how, and if TIC should be incorporated into behavior analytic work seems prudent. Although the core commitments of TIC are inherently aligned with ethical and effective applied behavior analytic practice, there are few exemplars of how TIC can be intentionally incorporated into behavioral assessment and treatment. This special issue is intended to begin to fill that gap, as well as to promote further discussion of the benefits and limitations of TIC in ABA. In this introduction, we review both the prevalence and potential outcomes of trauma, as well as attempting to dispel misconceptions about TIC that appear common among the behavior analytic community. We highlight how the articles in the special issue are important in developing an evidence base for TIC in ABA, as well as suggesting areas for future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":47310,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Analysis in Practice","volume":"17 3","pages":"669-678"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11461371/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142401608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-18DOI: 10.1007/s40617-024-00982-6
Poonam A. Patil, Jessica F. Juanico
Evaluating online educational platforms requires studying the design, development, and implementation of the learning environment as well as the learning materials, learners, and learning process to facilitate improvements in teaching and skill acquisition. The accelerated growth of online educational tools has prompted a need for systematic evaluation of online educational platforms. Khan Academy has experienced immense popularity and is used by students worldwide. However, little research has been conducted on the effects of Khan Academy at the individual level. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Khan Academy in teaching elementary math to three participants using objective methods. Participants completed worksheets prior to and following Khan Academy to determine its effectiveness in teaching targeted math skills. Results indicated that Khan Academy was effective for all three participants. Thus, Khan Academy may be an effective tool for acquisition of elementary math.
{"title":"The Effectiveness of Khan Academy in Teaching Elementary Math","authors":"Poonam A. Patil, Jessica F. Juanico","doi":"10.1007/s40617-024-00982-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40617-024-00982-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Evaluating online educational platforms requires studying the design, development, and implementation of the learning environment as well as the learning materials, learners, and learning process to facilitate improvements in teaching and skill acquisition. The accelerated growth of online educational tools has prompted a need for systematic evaluation of online educational platforms. Khan Academy has experienced immense popularity and is used by students worldwide. However, little research has been conducted on the effects of Khan Academy at the individual level. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Khan Academy in teaching elementary math to three participants using objective methods. Participants completed worksheets prior to and following Khan Academy to determine its effectiveness in teaching targeted math skills. Results indicated that Khan Academy was effective for all three participants. Thus, Khan Academy may be an effective tool for acquisition of elementary math.</p>","PeriodicalId":47310,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Analysis in Practice","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142258859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-17DOI: 10.1007/s40617-024-00974-6
Candice L. Colón, Abigail L. Blackman, Santino LoVullo
Although applied behavior analysis (ABA) practice guidelines exist (Behavior Analyst Certification Board® [BACB®], 2020; Council of Autism Service Providers [CASP], 2020), research has shown that barriers to their implementation can be present in everyday clinical practice across a variety of areas (e.g., Blackman et al., 2023; DiGennaro Reed et al., 2015; Oliver et al., 2015; Roscoe et al., 2015; Sellers et al., 2019). To date there are no published studies that have assessed the status of procedural-integrity training, practices, and barriers experienced by Board Certified Behavior Analysts® (BCBAs®) providing ABA services. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to determine the extent to which BCBAs engaged in the procedural-integrity monitoring process and what barriers they encounter in clinical practice. To gather this information, we surveyed BCBA practitioners. The findings reveal that BCBAs often observe providers implementing clinical services and provide feedback; however, they reported that a lack of training, time, and established systems, along with competing contingencies were barriers to engaging in data related procedural-integrity responsibilites (data collection, tracking, and analysis). Based on these findings, implications for BCBA training and support in addition to potential solutions and future research directions are discussed.
{"title":"Procedural Integrity in Applied Settings: A Survey of Training, Practices, and Barriers","authors":"Candice L. Colón, Abigail L. Blackman, Santino LoVullo","doi":"10.1007/s40617-024-00974-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40617-024-00974-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Although applied behavior analysis (ABA) practice guidelines exist (Behavior Analyst Certification Board<sup>®</sup> [BACB<sup>®</sup>], 2020; Council of Autism Service Providers [CASP], 2020), research has shown that barriers to their implementation can be present in everyday clinical practice across a variety of areas (e.g., Blackman et al., 2023; DiGennaro Reed et al., 2015; Oliver et al., 2015; Roscoe et al., 2015; Sellers et al., 2019). To date there are no published studies that have assessed the status of procedural-integrity training, practices, and barriers experienced by Board Certified Behavior Analysts<sup>®</sup> (BCBAs<sup>®</sup>) providing ABA services. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to determine the extent to which BCBAs engaged in the procedural-integrity monitoring process and what barriers they encounter in clinical practice. To gather this information, we surveyed BCBA practitioners. The findings reveal that BCBAs often observe providers implementing clinical services and provide feedback; however, they reported that a lack of training, time, and established systems, along with competing contingencies were barriers to engaging in data related procedural-integrity responsibilites (data collection, tracking, and analysis). Based on these findings, implications for BCBA training and support in addition to potential solutions and future research directions are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":47310,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Analysis in Practice","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142258858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-13eCollection Date: 2024-09-01DOI: 10.1007/s40617-024-00993-3
Stephanie M Peterson
{"title":"Introducing \"In Their Own Words\" Special Series.","authors":"Stephanie M Peterson","doi":"10.1007/s40617-024-00993-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40617-024-00993-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47310,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Analysis in Practice","volume":"17 3","pages":"657-659"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11461367/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142401609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Many toddlers are likely to exhibit challenging behavior that caregivers may find stressful or difficult to manage. However, intensive behavioral intervention addressing challenging behavior may be costly and unnecessary if the parents can be taught how to assess and treat everyday challenging behavior in a practical manner. We conducted this study with caregiver implementers of five neurotypical toddlers who exhibited some level of challenging behavior. In addition, the caregivers and the families all identified as Latin Americans. The functional analyses identified a context in need of treatment in around 15 min and the treatment taught the toddlers increasingly complex communication responses that eliminated challenging behavior. In addition, caregivers completed a social validity questionnaire supporting the practical use of the assessment and treatment procedures in their home setting. We discuss the importance of these findings in terms of culturally relevant care.
{"title":"Parent- Guided Communication Training with Neurotypical Toddlers of Three Latin American Families","authors":"Natasha Raghunauth-Zaman, Joshua Jessel, Veronica Chou","doi":"10.1007/s40617-024-00983-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40617-024-00983-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Many toddlers are likely to exhibit challenging behavior that caregivers may find stressful or difficult to manage. However, intensive behavioral intervention addressing challenging behavior may be costly and unnecessary if the parents can be taught how to assess and treat everyday challenging behavior in a practical manner. We conducted this study with caregiver implementers of five neurotypical toddlers who exhibited some level of challenging behavior. In addition, the caregivers and the families all identified as Latin Americans. The functional analyses identified a context in need of treatment in around 15 min and the treatment taught the toddlers increasingly complex communication responses that eliminated challenging behavior. In addition, caregivers completed a social validity questionnaire supporting the practical use of the assessment and treatment procedures in their home setting. We discuss the importance of these findings in terms of culturally relevant care.</p>","PeriodicalId":47310,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Analysis in Practice","volume":"404 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142205948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-03DOI: 10.1007/s40617-024-00981-7
Nathalie Fernandez, Tracy Argueta, Iser G. DeLeon, Paige Talhelm, Yanerys Leon, Nicole Gravina, Janelle K. Bacotti
Hispanic/Latiné individuals are not well-represented among master's and doctoral level board certified behavior analysts despite being well-represented at certificant levels with fewer educational requirements (i.e., registered behavior technicians and board certified assistant behavior analysts). To increase Hispanic/Latiné representation among master's and doctoral level behavior analysts, the field must first identify barriers that may be preventing individuals from this population from pursuing careers in behavior analysis. We surveyed undergraduate students who were currently enrolled in or had previously completed at least one behavior analytic course about their experiences with sociocultural barriers (e.g., lack of mentorship, white-centered pedagogy) previously suggested in the literature. Results indicated that, relative to white students, mentorship and diverse classroom examples are more likely to increase Hispanic/Latiné students’ plans to pursue behavior analysis. Implications and future directions for creating supportive environments for Hispanic/Latiné students are discussed.
{"title":"Barriers to Careers in Behavior Analysis among Hispanic and Latinx Undergraduate Students: A Preliminary Analysis","authors":"Nathalie Fernandez, Tracy Argueta, Iser G. DeLeon, Paige Talhelm, Yanerys Leon, Nicole Gravina, Janelle K. Bacotti","doi":"10.1007/s40617-024-00981-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40617-024-00981-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Hispanic/Latiné individuals are not well-represented among master's and doctoral level board certified behavior analysts despite being well-represented at certificant levels with fewer educational requirements (i.e., registered behavior technicians and board certified assistant behavior analysts). To increase Hispanic/Latiné representation among master's and doctoral level behavior analysts, the field must first identify barriers that may be preventing individuals from this population from pursuing careers in behavior analysis. We surveyed undergraduate students who were currently enrolled in or had previously completed at least one behavior analytic course about their experiences with sociocultural barriers (e.g., lack of mentorship, white-centered pedagogy) previously suggested in the literature. Results indicated that, relative to white students, mentorship and diverse classroom examples are more likely to increase Hispanic/Latiné students’ plans to pursue behavior analysis. Implications and future directions for creating supportive environments for Hispanic/Latiné students are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":47310,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Analysis in Practice","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142205946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-26DOI: 10.1007/s40617-024-00963-9
Stacy Lauderdale Littin, Robert W. Isenhower, Kimberly N. Sloman, Erica Dashow
Variable-ratio (VR) schedules of reinforcement can lead to steady response rates and make behavior less resistant to extinction but can be difficult to implement with fidelity. Utilizing a concurrent multiple baseline design across participants, we sought to determine how classroom assistant (CA) delivery of VR schedules followed mean and variability requirements and evaluated the effects of programmed schedules of reinforcement on the implementation of VR schedules. Results suggest that the use of programmed schedules of reinforcement led CAs to increase the variability of reinforcer delivery and remain closer to the desired mean. Programmed schedules of reinforcement increase the variability in classroom assistant-implemented VR schedules. Programmed schedules of reinforcement assist classroom assistants in remaining close to the intended mean of the VR schedule. Programmed schedules of reinforcement are cost-effective and easy to provide for classroom assistants in the classroom. The descriptive statistic range can be used to characterize the variability of reinforcement schedules.
可变比率(VR)强化计划能带来稳定的反应率,并使行为对消退的抵抗力降低,但很难忠实地实施。通过对参与者进行多基线同时设计,我们试图确定课堂助理(CA)如何按照平均值和变异性要求执行 VR 计划,并评估程序化强化计划对执行 VR 计划的影响。结果表明,使用程序化强化计划表可使 CA 增加强化物传递的变异性,并更接近所需的平均值。程序化强化表增加了课堂助理实施自愿回归表的可变性。程序化强化表有助于课堂助理保持接近自愿回归表的预期平均值。程序化强化表具有成本效益,易于在课堂上提供给课堂助理。描述性统计量程可用于描述强化计划的变异性。
{"title":"Using Programmed Schedules of Reinforcement to Increase the Variability of Reinforcer Delivery in Classroom Assistant-Implemented Variable-Ratio Schedules","authors":"Stacy Lauderdale Littin, Robert W. Isenhower, Kimberly N. Sloman, Erica Dashow","doi":"10.1007/s40617-024-00963-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40617-024-00963-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Variable-ratio (VR) schedules of reinforcement can lead to steady response rates and make behavior less resistant to extinction but can be difficult to implement with fidelity. Utilizing a concurrent multiple baseline design across participants, we sought to determine how classroom assistant (CA) delivery of VR schedules followed mean and variability requirements and evaluated the effects of programmed schedules of reinforcement on the implementation of VR schedules. Results suggest that the use of programmed schedules of reinforcement led CAs to increase the variability of reinforcer delivery and remain closer to the desired mean. Programmed schedules of reinforcement increase the variability in classroom assistant-implemented VR schedules. Programmed schedules of reinforcement assist classroom assistants in remaining close to the intended mean of the VR schedule. Programmed schedules of reinforcement are cost-effective and easy to provide for classroom assistants in the classroom. The descriptive statistic range can be used to characterize the variability of reinforcement schedules.</p>","PeriodicalId":47310,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Analysis in Practice","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142205947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-20DOI: 10.1007/s40617-024-00987-1
William L. Heward, John W. Eshleman, Jonathan W. Kimball
In 1990, Ogden R. Lindsley served as guest faculty for Ohio State University’s Teleconference on applied behavior analysis. He captivated students and faculty with tales of his personal journey from experiences during World War II to studying under B. F. Skinner, and his development of precision teaching (PT) to preserve rate of response measurement in educational applications. Derived from an audio cassette recording of that seminar session, this article captures highlights of those stories and Dr. Lindsley’s discussion of topics ranging from his opinion of the open classroom movement to critiques of Sesame Street and errorless learning.
1990 年,奥格登-R-林斯利担任俄亥俄州立大学应用行为分析远程会议的客座教师。他讲述了自己从二战期间的经历到师从 B. F. 斯金纳(B. F. Skinner)的个人历程,以及在教育应用中开发精确教学(PT)以保持反应测量率的故事,深深吸引了学生和教师。本文摘录自该研讨会的录音带,记录了这些故事的精彩片段,以及林斯里博士对开放课堂运动的看法、对芝麻街和无差错学习的批评等话题的讨论。
{"title":"Ogden R. Lindsley: I Followed the Idea of the Missoula Smokejumpers","authors":"William L. Heward, John W. Eshleman, Jonathan W. Kimball","doi":"10.1007/s40617-024-00987-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40617-024-00987-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In 1990, Ogden R. Lindsley served as guest faculty for Ohio State University’s Teleconference on applied behavior analysis. He captivated students and faculty with tales of his personal journey from experiences during World War II to studying under B. F. Skinner, and his development of precision teaching (PT) to preserve rate of response measurement in educational applications. Derived from an audio cassette recording of that seminar session, this article captures highlights of those stories and Dr. Lindsley’s discussion of topics ranging from his opinion of the open classroom movement to critiques of Sesame Street and errorless learning.</p>","PeriodicalId":47310,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Analysis in Practice","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142205964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-19DOI: 10.1007/s40617-024-00978-2
Rafael Augusto Silva, Juliana Lobato, Beatriz dos Santos Nascimento, Victoria Melo Alves Veduatto, Rafael Diego Modenesi
The use of physical restraint (PR) in behavioral interventions to ensure safety in response to severe aggressive behaviors in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a controversial subject. Its use should be planned and limited to behavioral emergencies, carried out by trained and supervised professionals. The present study evaluated the social validity of PR in the treatment of ASD with professionals from a Brazilian organization that follows the best practices for safety and implementation of PR, replicating the study by Luiselli et al. (2015). The results show that, overall, participants assessed this procedure as acceptable, effective, and safe, and they agree that it should only be used when all deescalation procedures fail and exclusively to ensure safety. Factors that may influence participants' evaluations are discussed, such as access to information, the need for use, supervision, training, and previous professional experience implementing PR, highlighting the importance of conducting further studies that evaluate the social validity of PR use with different populations.
{"title":"Assessment of the Social Validity of Physical Restraint in Behavioral Interventions for Autism with Brazilian Professionals","authors":"Rafael Augusto Silva, Juliana Lobato, Beatriz dos Santos Nascimento, Victoria Melo Alves Veduatto, Rafael Diego Modenesi","doi":"10.1007/s40617-024-00978-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40617-024-00978-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The use of physical restraint (PR) in behavioral interventions to ensure safety in response to severe aggressive behaviors in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a controversial subject. Its use should be planned and limited to behavioral emergencies, carried out by trained and supervised professionals. The present study evaluated the social validity of PR in the treatment of ASD with professionals from a Brazilian organization that follows the best practices for safety and implementation of PR, replicating the study by Luiselli et al. (2015). The results show that, overall, participants assessed this procedure as acceptable, effective, and safe, and they agree that it should only be used when all deescalation procedures fail and exclusively to ensure safety. Factors that may influence participants' evaluations are discussed, such as access to information, the need for use, supervision, training, and previous professional experience implementing PR, highlighting the importance of conducting further studies that evaluate the social validity of PR use with different populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":47310,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Analysis in Practice","volume":"406 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142205897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-06DOI: 10.1007/s40617-024-00964-8
Crystal M. Slanzi, Jonathan K. Fernand
Objectivity in behavior measurement is a defining feature of behavior analysis. With the increased accessibility of technology, there has been an increase in electronic data collection methods, which carry several advantages, such as ease of data transformation and transfer from electronic outputs (e.g., Microsoft Excel files). Countee is an electronic data collection application that has been named in over 30 articles in behavior-analytic journals. It is available for free on both iOS- and Android-based smartphones in multiple countries. The application allows for the programming of both frequency and duration keys, which can be used to derive additional measures. Despite its use in behavior analytic research and practice, a tutorial has not yet been published on the application. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to outline its features, provide instructions on its use, data transformations and calculations, and describe its benefits to ease replication and disseminate its use.
{"title":"On the Use and Benefits of Electronic Data Collection Systems: A Tutorial on Countee","authors":"Crystal M. Slanzi, Jonathan K. Fernand","doi":"10.1007/s40617-024-00964-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40617-024-00964-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Objectivity in behavior measurement is a defining feature of behavior analysis. With the increased accessibility of technology, there has been an increase in electronic data collection methods, which carry several advantages, such as ease of data transformation and transfer from electronic outputs (e.g., Microsoft Excel files). Countee is an electronic data collection application that has been named in over 30 articles in behavior-analytic journals. It is available for free on both iOS- and Android-based smartphones in multiple countries. The application allows for the programming of both frequency and duration keys, which can be used to derive additional measures. Despite its use in behavior analytic research and practice, a tutorial has not yet been published on the application. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to outline its features, provide instructions on its use, data transformations and calculations, and describe its benefits to ease replication and disseminate its use.</p>","PeriodicalId":47310,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Analysis in Practice","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141936424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}