Pub Date : 2023-01-03DOI: 10.1080/21568316.2022.2160806
Yi-Ting Peng, B. Saboori, O. Ranjbar, Muhlis Can
ABSTRACT The tourism industry is well-known as a powerful driver of the economic growth of destinations. However, socio-political and financial fluctuations in the countries of origin and destination make the tourism industry more volatile and less beneficial to economic growth. The tourism market diversification (TMD) strategy supports the stabilizing of the industry and spurs the economic growth of destinations via several channels, e.g. minimizing the risk of over-dependence on one market and stabilization the number of foreign tourists and tourism receipts. We analyzed the effects of the TMD strategy on the economic growth of 75 destinations over the period 1995-2018. By applying the dynamic system GMM estimator, we found that the TMD strategy accelerates the economic growth of destinations. Our results are robust regarding different samples of countries. The growth effect of the TMD on the low and lower-middle-income groups is significantly higher than on the high and upper-middle groups.
{"title":"Global Perspective on Tourism-Economic Growth Nexus: The Role of Tourism Market Diversification","authors":"Yi-Ting Peng, B. Saboori, O. Ranjbar, Muhlis Can","doi":"10.1080/21568316.2022.2160806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21568316.2022.2160806","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The tourism industry is well-known as a powerful driver of the economic growth of destinations. However, socio-political and financial fluctuations in the countries of origin and destination make the tourism industry more volatile and less beneficial to economic growth. The tourism market diversification (TMD) strategy supports the stabilizing of the industry and spurs the economic growth of destinations via several channels, e.g. minimizing the risk of over-dependence on one market and stabilization the number of foreign tourists and tourism receipts. We analyzed the effects of the TMD strategy on the economic growth of 75 destinations over the period 1995-2018. By applying the dynamic system GMM estimator, we found that the TMD strategy accelerates the economic growth of destinations. Our results are robust regarding different samples of countries. The growth effect of the TMD on the low and lower-middle-income groups is significantly higher than on the high and upper-middle groups.","PeriodicalId":47312,"journal":{"name":"Tourism Planning & Development","volume":"20 1","pages":"919 - 937"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44631041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/21568316.2022.2161616
Simone Splendiani, F. Forlani, Anthony L. V. Picciotti, A. Presenza
ABSTRACT Cultural Routes (CRs) are gaining increasing interest among both researchers and policymakers as an innovative form of sustainable tourism. However, the benefits that the territories crossed by a Route obtained are poorly studied. The aim of this paper is to fill this gap by evaluating the improvements that CRs as social innovation projects (SIP) cause to the local tourism ecosystem. The empirical analysis is based on the case of the Via Francigena (VF), one of the most important in Europe. It emerges the role of activator of community development processes covered by Via Francigena, capable of shaping the communities crossed with particular attention to marginal areas. At the same time, the route seems to stimulate lifestyle entrepreneurship with strong influence of social perspective rather than profit-driven one. The study contributes to increase knowledge about Cultural Routes as SIP, with important managerial implication on local tourism development.
{"title":"Social Innovation Project and Tourism Lifestyle Entrepreneurship to Revitalize the Marginal Areas. The Case of the via Francigena Cultural Route","authors":"Simone Splendiani, F. Forlani, Anthony L. V. Picciotti, A. Presenza","doi":"10.1080/21568316.2022.2161616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21568316.2022.2161616","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Cultural Routes (CRs) are gaining increasing interest among both researchers and policymakers as an innovative form of sustainable tourism. However, the benefits that the territories crossed by a Route obtained are poorly studied. The aim of this paper is to fill this gap by evaluating the improvements that CRs as social innovation projects (SIP) cause to the local tourism ecosystem. The empirical analysis is based on the case of the Via Francigena (VF), one of the most important in Europe. It emerges the role of activator of community development processes covered by Via Francigena, capable of shaping the communities crossed with particular attention to marginal areas. At the same time, the route seems to stimulate lifestyle entrepreneurship with strong influence of social perspective rather than profit-driven one. The study contributes to increase knowledge about Cultural Routes as SIP, with important managerial implication on local tourism development.","PeriodicalId":47312,"journal":{"name":"Tourism Planning & Development","volume":"20 1","pages":"938 - 954"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41463289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-28DOI: 10.1080/21568316.2022.2160805
Gianluca Goffi, M. Cucculelli, G. del Chiappa
ABSTRACT The paper aims to evaluate the competitiveness of one of the world’s leading tourism countries from a stakeholders’ perspective. A survey questionnaire has been submitted to relevant tourism stakeholders from 370 outstanding Italian destinations. The results show that Italy is more competitive in its natural and cultural resources, but less competitive in tourism policy and planning, and in destination management. The findings also suggest that small destinations, hinterland destinations, and destinations in the under developed southern part of the country have high tourism potential. The research reveals areas where improvements should be made to boost tourism competitiveness in Italy.
{"title":"Tourism Destination Competitiveness in Italy: A Stakeholders’ Perspective","authors":"Gianluca Goffi, M. Cucculelli, G. del Chiappa","doi":"10.1080/21568316.2022.2160805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21568316.2022.2160805","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The paper aims to evaluate the competitiveness of one of the world’s leading tourism countries from a stakeholders’ perspective. A survey questionnaire has been submitted to relevant tourism stakeholders from 370 outstanding Italian destinations. The results show that Italy is more competitive in its natural and cultural resources, but less competitive in tourism policy and planning, and in destination management. The findings also suggest that small destinations, hinterland destinations, and destinations in the under developed southern part of the country have high tourism potential. The research reveals areas where improvements should be made to boost tourism competitiveness in Italy.","PeriodicalId":47312,"journal":{"name":"Tourism Planning & Development","volume":"20 1","pages":"721 - 745"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48398146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-24DOI: 10.1080/21568316.2022.2160489
Sandra Wall-Reinius, Kristin Godtman Kling, D. Ioannides
ABSTRACT Despite the growing popularity of outdoor recreation, nature is not equally accessible to everyone. In the case of persons with disabilities, access to nature remains a largely under-researched area, especially in terms of the role of private and public providers of products and facilities for a diverse range of visitors. This study investigates the challenges and opportunities for developing inclusive forms of accessible nature-based tourism in three different natural settings in Sweden. By focusing on the supply side of nature-based tourism, we examine views and practices in providing inclusive activities and environments. Despite growing stakeholder interest in accessible nature-based tourism, our findings reveal several challenges, including limited knowledge about the consumers, lack of financial resources and long-term planning, and the absence of a holistic accessibility perspective. We discuss these challenges and propose that they can be collectively met through increased stakeholder collaboration for creating accessible nature-based tourism.
{"title":"Access to Nature for Persons with Disabilities: Perspectives and Practices of Swedish Tourism Providers","authors":"Sandra Wall-Reinius, Kristin Godtman Kling, D. Ioannides","doi":"10.1080/21568316.2022.2160489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21568316.2022.2160489","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Despite the growing popularity of outdoor recreation, nature is not equally accessible to everyone. In the case of persons with disabilities, access to nature remains a largely under-researched area, especially in terms of the role of private and public providers of products and facilities for a diverse range of visitors. This study investigates the challenges and opportunities for developing inclusive forms of accessible nature-based tourism in three different natural settings in Sweden. By focusing on the supply side of nature-based tourism, we examine views and practices in providing inclusive activities and environments. Despite growing stakeholder interest in accessible nature-based tourism, our findings reveal several challenges, including limited knowledge about the consumers, lack of financial resources and long-term planning, and the absence of a holistic accessibility perspective. We discuss these challenges and propose that they can be collectively met through increased stakeholder collaboration for creating accessible nature-based tourism.","PeriodicalId":47312,"journal":{"name":"Tourism Planning & Development","volume":"20 1","pages":"336 - 354"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44750814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-16DOI: 10.1080/21568316.2022.2146740
Pedro Torres, P. Godinho
ABSTRACT Tourism is not frequently recognized in national innovation policies, but important innovations have occurred in tourism throughout history. Many countries compete to increase both inbound tourism and national innovation capability. However, tourism policies and innovation policies rarely intersect. Taking a configurational approach and using fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis, this article aims to identify combinations of conditions leading to national innovation capability that might include tourism as a contributing condition. The findings show that tourism may have a complementary role in building technology innovation. This builds the case for the integration of tourism in national innovation policies, because tourism interacts with several other areas, leveraging technological innovation. This argument might contribute to change the way tourism is seen by policy-makers and hopefully inform future innovation policy design. Furthermore, it implies that the assessment of tourism innovation might consider potential synergistic effects.
{"title":"Does Tourism Matter to National Innovation Capability?","authors":"Pedro Torres, P. Godinho","doi":"10.1080/21568316.2022.2146740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21568316.2022.2146740","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Tourism is not frequently recognized in national innovation policies, but important innovations have occurred in tourism throughout history. Many countries compete to increase both inbound tourism and national innovation capability. However, tourism policies and innovation policies rarely intersect. Taking a configurational approach and using fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis, this article aims to identify combinations of conditions leading to national innovation capability that might include tourism as a contributing condition. The findings show that tourism may have a complementary role in building technology innovation. This builds the case for the integration of tourism in national innovation policies, because tourism interacts with several other areas, leveraging technological innovation. This argument might contribute to change the way tourism is seen by policy-makers and hopefully inform future innovation policy design. Furthermore, it implies that the assessment of tourism innovation might consider potential synergistic effects.","PeriodicalId":47312,"journal":{"name":"Tourism Planning & Development","volume":"20 1","pages":"108 - 133"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48388087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-16DOI: 10.1080/21568316.2022.2144429
M. Islam, M. Kabir, Kamrul Hassan
ABSTRACT Since the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic, tour operators have been going through uncertain times as they depend directly on supply-side (e.g. airlines, hotels) and demand-side (e.g. tourists) of tourism as well as on destination management organizations. This study explores resilience strategies made by tour operators in Bangladesh that ultimately helped them survive through the COVID-19 pandemic. Drawing on qualitative semi-structured interviews with 25 tour operators, findings of the study show that resilience-building depends not only on strategies of tour operators but also on supports from external agencies. The study further shows that a multi-dimensional understanding of resilience strategies is essential in tourism research and proposes that the resilience-building of tour operators can be conceptualized as a three-dimensional mechanism including innate resilience, internally-induced resilience, and externally-induced resilience. The study would facilitate improved resilience strategy and informed policymaking to better address uncertainties during and after a major crisis for tour operators.
{"title":"Resilience Strategies of Tour Operators During the Uncertainty of COVID-19: Evidence from Bangladesh","authors":"M. Islam, M. Kabir, Kamrul Hassan","doi":"10.1080/21568316.2022.2144429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21568316.2022.2144429","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Since the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic, tour operators have been going through uncertain times as they depend directly on supply-side (e.g. airlines, hotels) and demand-side (e.g. tourists) of tourism as well as on destination management organizations. This study explores resilience strategies made by tour operators in Bangladesh that ultimately helped them survive through the COVID-19 pandemic. Drawing on qualitative semi-structured interviews with 25 tour operators, findings of the study show that resilience-building depends not only on strategies of tour operators but also on supports from external agencies. The study further shows that a multi-dimensional understanding of resilience strategies is essential in tourism research and proposes that the resilience-building of tour operators can be conceptualized as a three-dimensional mechanism including innate resilience, internally-induced resilience, and externally-induced resilience. The study would facilitate improved resilience strategy and informed policymaking to better address uncertainties during and after a major crisis for tour operators.","PeriodicalId":47312,"journal":{"name":"Tourism Planning & Development","volume":"20 1","pages":"281 - 300"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42884604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-12DOI: 10.1080/21568316.2022.2143416
M. Sánchez-Rivero, Esteban Pérez-Calderón, Gema Morales-Cortijo
ABSTRACT The public health crisis caused by COVID-19 has been particularly devastating due to its rapid spread and the strict measures that governments have had to take. From a business resilience approach, a total of 707 opinions were collected during May-April 2020. The owners and managers of the main tourist enterprises valued the effects and measures adopted by politicians. In order to identify inferentially the possible relationship between covid effects, on the one hand, and measures adopted, on the other hand, and tourism-related enterprises typologies, the multivariate technique of Correspondence Analysis has been used. According to the results obtained, the measures to face this type of crisis must be common to all enterprises, for example financial ones, but measures adapted to the type of business are also required, considering the assessment of its managers and owners.
{"title":"COVID-19 and Inland Tourist Destination: A Tourism-related Enterprise View of the Effects and Policy Measures Adopted","authors":"M. Sánchez-Rivero, Esteban Pérez-Calderón, Gema Morales-Cortijo","doi":"10.1080/21568316.2022.2143416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21568316.2022.2143416","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The public health crisis caused by COVID-19 has been particularly devastating due to its rapid spread and the strict measures that governments have had to take. From a business resilience approach, a total of 707 opinions were collected during May-April 2020. The owners and managers of the main tourist enterprises valued the effects and measures adopted by politicians. In order to identify inferentially the possible relationship between covid effects, on the one hand, and measures adopted, on the other hand, and tourism-related enterprises typologies, the multivariate technique of Correspondence Analysis has been used. According to the results obtained, the measures to face this type of crisis must be common to all enterprises, for example financial ones, but measures adapted to the type of business are also required, considering the assessment of its managers and owners.","PeriodicalId":47312,"journal":{"name":"Tourism Planning & Development","volume":"20 1","pages":"260 - 280"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42152565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-02DOI: 10.1080/21568316.2021.2016930
E. Yong
ABSTRACT The tourism–growth nexus within the subregional economic group comprising Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines has been virtually unexplored with respect to the exchange rate. The baseline hypotheses are growth-led tourism and tourism-led growth, whereby a model is conceptualized with respect to international prices and exchange rates. Data for the 2004–2018 period are analyzed using error corrections, causality, and panel cointegrating regressions with the consideration of cross-sectional dependence using state-of-the-art empirical methods. Significant findings, aided by a conducive exchange rate, favor the tourism-led growth hypothesis. The exchange rate is determined to be a crucial reason for divergence from and convergence toward the long-run equilibrium. The depreciation of the exchange rate appears to be the major factor supporting a sustainable tourism-led growth performance; hence, spillover effects are also expected to other countries in the Association of Southeast Asia Nations.
{"title":"Tourism Development and Economic Growth in BIMP-EAGA: A Conceptualization with Panel Data Evidence","authors":"E. Yong","doi":"10.1080/21568316.2021.2016930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21568316.2021.2016930","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The tourism–growth nexus within the subregional economic group comprising Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines has been virtually unexplored with respect to the exchange rate. The baseline hypotheses are growth-led tourism and tourism-led growth, whereby a model is conceptualized with respect to international prices and exchange rates. Data for the 2004–2018 period are analyzed using error corrections, causality, and panel cointegrating regressions with the consideration of cross-sectional dependence using state-of-the-art empirical methods. Significant findings, aided by a conducive exchange rate, favor the tourism-led growth hypothesis. The exchange rate is determined to be a crucial reason for divergence from and convergence toward the long-run equilibrium. The depreciation of the exchange rate appears to be the major factor supporting a sustainable tourism-led growth performance; hence, spillover effects are also expected to other countries in the Association of Southeast Asia Nations.","PeriodicalId":47312,"journal":{"name":"Tourism Planning & Development","volume":"19 1","pages":"500 - 525"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48056311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic has severely affected the tourism industry, with national lockdowns aimed at curbing the spread of the virus mandating travel restrictions and prohibiting events and gatherings. The shift to online video conferencing tools, which offer limited interactivity, has spurred the need to integrate augmented reality (AR) in various contexts, such as meetings, exhibitions, museums, and travel. This quantitative study examines visitors’ perspectives on AR-based apps in tourism. It investigates the influence of three kinds of quality determinants, such as information quality, system quality, and service quality, on visitors’ perspectives on AR apps. Their impact on visitor satisfaction ultimately triggers visitors to reuse AR-based mobile apps. The research makes a theoretical contribution to the literature on AR and the quality dimensions of mobile apps. We expect demand for AR-based apps to rapidly increase, as people continue to follow preventive measures even after COVID-19.
{"title":"Quality Dimensions of Augmented Reality-based Mobile Apps for Smart-Tourism and its Impact on Customer Satisfaction & Reuse Intention","authors":"Komal Anand, Vikas Arya, Sheena Suresh, Anshuman Sharma","doi":"10.1080/21568316.2022.2137577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21568316.2022.2137577","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic has severely affected the tourism industry, with national lockdowns aimed at curbing the spread of the virus mandating travel restrictions and prohibiting events and gatherings. The shift to online video conferencing tools, which offer limited interactivity, has spurred the need to integrate augmented reality (AR) in various contexts, such as meetings, exhibitions, museums, and travel. This quantitative study examines visitors’ perspectives on AR-based apps in tourism. It investigates the influence of three kinds of quality determinants, such as information quality, system quality, and service quality, on visitors’ perspectives on AR apps. Their impact on visitor satisfaction ultimately triggers visitors to reuse AR-based mobile apps. The research makes a theoretical contribution to the literature on AR and the quality dimensions of mobile apps. We expect demand for AR-based apps to rapidly increase, as people continue to follow preventive measures even after COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":47312,"journal":{"name":"Tourism Planning & Development","volume":"20 1","pages":"236 - 259"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44961149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-18DOI: 10.1080/21568316.2022.2135589
Seymur Ağazade, Burcu Karasakaloğlu
ABSTRACT This study investigates the effect of foreign direct investments (FDI) on tourism using cross-sectional data for 135 countries and their high- and middle-income subgroups. The study takes three different tourism performance indicators into account: travel and tourism GDP, international tourism receipts, and international tourist arrivals. The findings support that FDI positively affects all three tourism performance indicators. Furthermore, this effect is observed to be at the highest level on the international tourism receipts and at the lowest level on travel and tourism GDP. These results indicate that FDI affects international tourism considerably more than it does domestic tourism; it also boosts the tourism sector of the host countries in terms of brand value or market power. In addition, the results for the high- and middle-income countries are in accordance with the theoretical expectations of neoclassical economics in that FDI affects tourism more in middle-income countries.
{"title":"Foreign Direct Investments and Tourism: A Cross-Sectional Analysis","authors":"Seymur Ağazade, Burcu Karasakaloğlu","doi":"10.1080/21568316.2022.2135589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21568316.2022.2135589","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study investigates the effect of foreign direct investments (FDI) on tourism using cross-sectional data for 135 countries and their high- and middle-income subgroups. The study takes three different tourism performance indicators into account: travel and tourism GDP, international tourism receipts, and international tourist arrivals. The findings support that FDI positively affects all three tourism performance indicators. Furthermore, this effect is observed to be at the highest level on the international tourism receipts and at the lowest level on travel and tourism GDP. These results indicate that FDI affects international tourism considerably more than it does domestic tourism; it also boosts the tourism sector of the host countries in terms of brand value or market power. In addition, the results for the high- and middle-income countries are in accordance with the theoretical expectations of neoclassical economics in that FDI affects tourism more in middle-income countries.","PeriodicalId":47312,"journal":{"name":"Tourism Planning & Development","volume":"20 1","pages":"790 - 804"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49323822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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