Pub Date : 2023-12-16DOI: 10.1080/00049182.2023.2289198
Paul Smith, Phil McManus
{"title":"Geographies of Coexistence: negotiating urban space with the Grey-Headed Flying-Fox","authors":"Paul Smith, Phil McManus","doi":"10.1080/00049182.2023.2289198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00049182.2023.2289198","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47337,"journal":{"name":"Australian Geographer","volume":"20 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138967444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-15DOI: 10.1080/00049182.2023.2290743
Myles Egan, Meg Sherval, Sarah Wright
{"title":"The emotional geographies of a coal mining transition: a case study of Singleton, New South Wales, Australia","authors":"Myles Egan, Meg Sherval, Sarah Wright","doi":"10.1080/00049182.2023.2290743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00049182.2023.2290743","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47337,"journal":{"name":"Australian Geographer","volume":"12 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139000548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-09DOI: 10.1080/00049182.2023.2276144
Natasha Larkin, Chantel Carr, Natascha Klocker
The recent passage of the Offshore Electricity Infrastructure Act (2021) (Cth) opened up the potential for Australia to produce renewable energy at unprecedented scale. Six regions have been identified as potential locations for developing offshore wind projects, promising thousands of new local jobs to legacy industrial regions. This paper charts the regulatory framework for Australia’s offshore wind industry and how it positions local economic benefits in the licencing of projects. It then draws on interviews with key stakeholders supported by media and policy analysis to examine the early development of offshore wind capability in one of the proposed regions, the Illawarra, in NSW. Here existing steelmaking capacity positions the region to play a key role in supply chains for local and potentially national projects, but considerable structural and geographical constraints in the labour market will need to be addressed. In light of overseas experience indicating that economic benefits often fall short of promises, greater attention by policy makers is required to ensure hosting communities can develop local skills in the industry and facilitate their relative supply chain capabilities. This paper also calls for careful evaluation of early projects to allow for adjustments to policy settings as the industry matures domestically.
{"title":"Building an offshore wind sector in Australia: economic opportunities and constraints at the regional scale","authors":"Natasha Larkin, Chantel Carr, Natascha Klocker","doi":"10.1080/00049182.2023.2276144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00049182.2023.2276144","url":null,"abstract":"The recent passage of the Offshore Electricity Infrastructure Act (2021) (Cth) opened up the potential for Australia to produce renewable energy at unprecedented scale. Six regions have been identified as potential locations for developing offshore wind projects, promising thousands of new local jobs to legacy industrial regions. This paper charts the regulatory framework for Australia’s offshore wind industry and how it positions local economic benefits in the licencing of projects. It then draws on interviews with key stakeholders supported by media and policy analysis to examine the early development of offshore wind capability in one of the proposed regions, the Illawarra, in NSW. Here existing steelmaking capacity positions the region to play a key role in supply chains for local and potentially national projects, but considerable structural and geographical constraints in the labour market will need to be addressed. In light of overseas experience indicating that economic benefits often fall short of promises, greater attention by policy makers is required to ensure hosting communities can develop local skills in the industry and facilitate their relative supply chain capabilities. This paper also calls for careful evaluation of early projects to allow for adjustments to policy settings as the industry matures domestically.","PeriodicalId":47337,"journal":{"name":"Australian Geographer","volume":" 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135241887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-08DOI: 10.1080/00049182.2023.2276546
Maram Shaweesh
Housing diversity, which refers to the existence of a variety of housing options tailored to accommodate diverse lifestyles, cultural backgrounds and financial capacities, remains conspicuously deficient in Australian cities. In recognition of the imperative to investigate the housing needs of various family types, this study undertakes a qualitative analysis of the housing experiences within multigenerational Lebanese Australian families. The paper analyses data collected through in-depth interviews and household tours of 20 participants from 15 different households situated in Western Sydney’s and Greater Brisbane’s metropolitan areas. The study documents the housing experiences of four sub-types of multigenerational families and elucidates the processes by which domestic architectural configurations are adapted and formulated to meet the needs of diverse multigenerational family arrangements. The study reveals that housing designs play a central role in shaping both positive and negative experiences for Lebanese Australian families, many of which parallel the experiences encountered by broader mainstream Australian society.
{"title":"Multigenerational living: the housing experience of Lebanese Australian families","authors":"Maram Shaweesh","doi":"10.1080/00049182.2023.2276546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00049182.2023.2276546","url":null,"abstract":"Housing diversity, which refers to the existence of a variety of housing options tailored to accommodate diverse lifestyles, cultural backgrounds and financial capacities, remains conspicuously deficient in Australian cities. In recognition of the imperative to investigate the housing needs of various family types, this study undertakes a qualitative analysis of the housing experiences within multigenerational Lebanese Australian families. The paper analyses data collected through in-depth interviews and household tours of 20 participants from 15 different households situated in Western Sydney’s and Greater Brisbane’s metropolitan areas. The study documents the housing experiences of four sub-types of multigenerational families and elucidates the processes by which domestic architectural configurations are adapted and formulated to meet the needs of diverse multigenerational family arrangements. The study reveals that housing designs play a central role in shaping both positive and negative experiences for Lebanese Australian families, many of which parallel the experiences encountered by broader mainstream Australian society.","PeriodicalId":47337,"journal":{"name":"Australian Geographer","volume":"17 S2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135341465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-21DOI: 10.1080/00049182.2023.2254791
George Tan, Daile Lynn Rung, Kate Golebiowska
International migrants play an important role in addressing the social and economic challenges associated with population ageing and fertility decline that are keenly felt in regional Australia. In a policy arena where the attraction and retention of migrants remains a challenge, large numbers of refugee-humanitarian migrants have, without any direct government policy intervention, independently gravitated towards unplanned regional settlement locations. However, these secondary migration patterns, often regarded as ‘organic’ or informal, are not well understood. We present new insights into their mobility in regional Australia using secondary datasets and primary research. Using Institutional Ethnographic methods, we highlight how their movements are not as ‘organic’ as imagined. Simultaneously, through the 'new mobilities' paradigm, we highlight the link between international and internal migration of refugee-humanitarian migrants. We tease out the relational element by drawing attention to how immobility of family members, structured by immigration policies that delay and deny family reunification, is intertwined with secondary migration patterns in Australia. As regional communities embrace the benefits of the secondary migration of refugee-humanitarian migrants, we show that these benefits are perversely supported by punitive family reunification policies that can have implications for the successful integration of refugee-humanitarian migrants.
{"title":"Coordinating settlement (im)mobilities: exploring secondary migration patterns and settlement geographies among refugee-humanitarian migrants in regional Australia","authors":"George Tan, Daile Lynn Rung, Kate Golebiowska","doi":"10.1080/00049182.2023.2254791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00049182.2023.2254791","url":null,"abstract":"International migrants play an important role in addressing the social and economic challenges associated with population ageing and fertility decline that are keenly felt in regional Australia. In a policy arena where the attraction and retention of migrants remains a challenge, large numbers of refugee-humanitarian migrants have, without any direct government policy intervention, independently gravitated towards unplanned regional settlement locations. However, these secondary migration patterns, often regarded as ‘organic’ or informal, are not well understood. We present new insights into their mobility in regional Australia using secondary datasets and primary research. Using Institutional Ethnographic methods, we highlight how their movements are not as ‘organic’ as imagined. Simultaneously, through the 'new mobilities' paradigm, we highlight the link between international and internal migration of refugee-humanitarian migrants. We tease out the relational element by drawing attention to how immobility of family members, structured by immigration policies that delay and deny family reunification, is intertwined with secondary migration patterns in Australia. As regional communities embrace the benefits of the secondary migration of refugee-humanitarian migrants, we show that these benefits are perversely supported by punitive family reunification policies that can have implications for the successful integration of refugee-humanitarian migrants.","PeriodicalId":47337,"journal":{"name":"Australian Geographer","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135513033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-09DOI: 10.1080/00049182.2023.2256590
Nicholas Jarman, Elaine Stratford
Streetscapes are among the urban geographies shaped by people’s belonging in place and movements through the spaces-between. Such geographies give expression to powerful ideas about rights to the city. Witness international PARK(ing) Day, during which people playfully reclaim on-street parking areas by displacing vehicles and creating parklets. Yet, parklets have been criticised when their installation results in long-term loss of parking spaces. The purpose of this paper is to analyse such contestation in a case that involved a university undergoing significant transformations. As part of its place-making strategy, the university sought to create a parklet on a municipal streetside in a central business district near new purpose-built student accommodation. In short order, the idea was protested by particular stakeholders in the city, and the university later withdrew the municipal development application. As drawn out in our analysis of news reports and comments, the significance of the case is that the parklet was a casualty of deep divisions about who has rights to the city and about the functions of universities. Such divisions also exist in cities around the world and arguably undermine small actions to support decarbonising futures and caring infrastructures that attend urgently needed larger social and environmental gains.
{"title":"Whose rights to the city? Parklets, parking, and university engagement in urban placemaking","authors":"Nicholas Jarman, Elaine Stratford","doi":"10.1080/00049182.2023.2256590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00049182.2023.2256590","url":null,"abstract":"Streetscapes are among the urban geographies shaped by people’s belonging in place and movements through the spaces-between. Such geographies give expression to powerful ideas about rights to the city. Witness international PARK(ing) Day, during which people playfully reclaim on-street parking areas by displacing vehicles and creating parklets. Yet, parklets have been criticised when their installation results in long-term loss of parking spaces. The purpose of this paper is to analyse such contestation in a case that involved a university undergoing significant transformations. As part of its place-making strategy, the university sought to create a parklet on a municipal streetside in a central business district near new purpose-built student accommodation. In short order, the idea was protested by particular stakeholders in the city, and the university later withdrew the municipal development application. As drawn out in our analysis of news reports and comments, the significance of the case is that the parklet was a casualty of deep divisions about who has rights to the city and about the functions of universities. Such divisions also exist in cities around the world and arguably undermine small actions to support decarbonising futures and caring infrastructures that attend urgently needed larger social and environmental gains.","PeriodicalId":47337,"journal":{"name":"Australian Geographer","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135142224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-02DOI: 10.1080/00049182.2023.2261097
Yan Huang, Yungang Liu
ABSTRACTThis research examines the geopolitical entanglements of China’s tourism in the South China Sea (SCS) and the geopolitical implications of uneven mobility rights on tourists’ geopolitical subjectivation. We show that maritime territorialisation in the SCS is mobile and constituted by tourism mobilities. However, although tourism mobility control constitutes and performs state territorialisation, it also generates unsatisfied internal bordering effects. We reveal that uneven mobility rights premised on territorial geopolitics are unevenly experienced by tourists. Within the contemporary deeply embedded structure of the territory-nation-state, mobility governance, hierarchy, inequity, and unevenness driven by national interests, security, and secrecy are widely accepted and taken for granted. The encounters and affective engagements of tourism mobility regulations in the SCS, intersecting with everyday experiences of mobility hierarchies as well as state geopolitical processes, contribute to shaping individuals’ geopolitical identity. This promotes the internalisation of the contemporary mobility regime and facilitates the naturalisation of state geopolitical competitions. By exploring the geopolitical experiences of selective mobility control and its geopolitical effects on tourists, this research sheds light on the uneven political spatiality of everyday tourism mobilities and offers a more nuanced and intimate understanding of the geopolitics of tourism (im)mobilities at the micro-scale.KEYWORDS: Tourism (im)mobilitiestourism geopoliticsmaritime territorialisationmaritime borderSouth China Seamobility hierarchy Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China: [Grant Number 42230705]; National Natural Science Foundation of China: [Grant Number 42301259].
{"title":"Encountering and Experiencing the Geopolitics of Tourism (Im)Mobilities: A Case of China’s Tourism in the South China Sea","authors":"Yan Huang, Yungang Liu","doi":"10.1080/00049182.2023.2261097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00049182.2023.2261097","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThis research examines the geopolitical entanglements of China’s tourism in the South China Sea (SCS) and the geopolitical implications of uneven mobility rights on tourists’ geopolitical subjectivation. We show that maritime territorialisation in the SCS is mobile and constituted by tourism mobilities. However, although tourism mobility control constitutes and performs state territorialisation, it also generates unsatisfied internal bordering effects. We reveal that uneven mobility rights premised on territorial geopolitics are unevenly experienced by tourists. Within the contemporary deeply embedded structure of the territory-nation-state, mobility governance, hierarchy, inequity, and unevenness driven by national interests, security, and secrecy are widely accepted and taken for granted. The encounters and affective engagements of tourism mobility regulations in the SCS, intersecting with everyday experiences of mobility hierarchies as well as state geopolitical processes, contribute to shaping individuals’ geopolitical identity. This promotes the internalisation of the contemporary mobility regime and facilitates the naturalisation of state geopolitical competitions. By exploring the geopolitical experiences of selective mobility control and its geopolitical effects on tourists, this research sheds light on the uneven political spatiality of everyday tourism mobilities and offers a more nuanced and intimate understanding of the geopolitics of tourism (im)mobilities at the micro-scale.KEYWORDS: Tourism (im)mobilitiestourism geopoliticsmaritime territorialisationmaritime borderSouth China Seamobility hierarchy Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China: [Grant Number 42230705]; National Natural Science Foundation of China: [Grant Number 42301259].","PeriodicalId":47337,"journal":{"name":"Australian Geographer","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135829612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-02DOI: 10.1080/00049182.2023.2256595
Michelle Duffy, Sue Yell, Larissa Walker, Damian Morgan, Matthew Carroll
In 2014, the Hazelwood mine fire burned for 45 days. Local communities were impacted by smoke and ash, and there were reports of raised carbon monoxide levels. Local news and social media reported residents experiencing numerous physical symptoms of smoke inhalation, including bleeding noses, coughing, wheezing and chest tightness. Paper masks to filter particulate matter were made available to residents to wear outside. The dust and ash constantly seeped into homes and offices, which required cleaning daily and sometimes multiple times during the day. Smoke was free to move across physical and bodily boundaries while those most vulnerable were hampered by lack of movement: pregnant women, the elderly and children were advised to leave the area. However, this suggestion to ‘simply’ move ignored the context of a community disproportionately impacted through years of economic decline and societal change. This paper explores the unequal mobilities of smoke and people that arose as a result of this event and draws on concepts of mobility justice (Sheller Citation2018) and emergency mobilities (Adey Citation2016) to reflect on the political dimensions of uneven mobility in times of crisis.
{"title":"The social justice issues of smoke im/mobilities","authors":"Michelle Duffy, Sue Yell, Larissa Walker, Damian Morgan, Matthew Carroll","doi":"10.1080/00049182.2023.2256595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00049182.2023.2256595","url":null,"abstract":"In 2014, the Hazelwood mine fire burned for 45 days. Local communities were impacted by smoke and ash, and there were reports of raised carbon monoxide levels. Local news and social media reported residents experiencing numerous physical symptoms of smoke inhalation, including bleeding noses, coughing, wheezing and chest tightness. Paper masks to filter particulate matter were made available to residents to wear outside. The dust and ash constantly seeped into homes and offices, which required cleaning daily and sometimes multiple times during the day. Smoke was free to move across physical and bodily boundaries while those most vulnerable were hampered by lack of movement: pregnant women, the elderly and children were advised to leave the area. However, this suggestion to ‘simply’ move ignored the context of a community disproportionately impacted through years of economic decline and societal change. This paper explores the unequal mobilities of smoke and people that arose as a result of this event and draws on concepts of mobility justice (Sheller Citation2018) and emergency mobilities (Adey Citation2016) to reflect on the political dimensions of uneven mobility in times of crisis.","PeriodicalId":47337,"journal":{"name":"Australian Geographer","volume":"152 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135901594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-18DOI: 10.1080/00049182.2023.2256589
William Thackway, Bill Randolph, Henry Peterson, Christopher Pettit
In this paper, we look to compare the differential responses of metropolitan and regional rental markets in the first 12 months post-pandemic in New South Wales, Australia’s most populous state. We employ descriptive statistics to analyse broad trends in both rental prices and transfers in and out of long-term rental supply through the short-term letting and property buyer markets. Moreover, we examine how these dynamics have played out at the local level using the contrasting case studies of Bondi in the eastern suburbs of Sydney and Byron Bay in the northern rivers of NSW. The results demonstrate that there have been distinctly separate responses to the pandemic across different geographical profiles, displaying cohort-level behaviours ranging from rental declines in inner-city areas to significant increases in high-price regional areas. Furthermore, a comparison of metro and regional markets highlights a strong and symmetrical association between short-term lettings activity and changes in long-term rental prices over the initial COVID-19 period. Finally, analysis of investor activity exhibits a highly reactive and geographically differentiated response to changes in rental yields. Ultimately, the findings of this study further the understanding of the contrasting responses at the local scale to the COVID-19 pandemic, the complex interplay between long- and short-term rental markets and help shed light on necessary future policy directions for NSW’s, and Australia’s, housing market.
{"title":"Bondi to Byron: divergent pathways in NSW’s Metropolitan and regional rental markets during the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"William Thackway, Bill Randolph, Henry Peterson, Christopher Pettit","doi":"10.1080/00049182.2023.2256589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00049182.2023.2256589","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we look to compare the differential responses of metropolitan and regional rental markets in the first 12 months post-pandemic in New South Wales, Australia’s most populous state. We employ descriptive statistics to analyse broad trends in both rental prices and transfers in and out of long-term rental supply through the short-term letting and property buyer markets. Moreover, we examine how these dynamics have played out at the local level using the contrasting case studies of Bondi in the eastern suburbs of Sydney and Byron Bay in the northern rivers of NSW. The results demonstrate that there have been distinctly separate responses to the pandemic across different geographical profiles, displaying cohort-level behaviours ranging from rental declines in inner-city areas to significant increases in high-price regional areas. Furthermore, a comparison of metro and regional markets highlights a strong and symmetrical association between short-term lettings activity and changes in long-term rental prices over the initial COVID-19 period. Finally, analysis of investor activity exhibits a highly reactive and geographically differentiated response to changes in rental yields. Ultimately, the findings of this study further the understanding of the contrasting responses at the local scale to the COVID-19 pandemic, the complex interplay between long- and short-term rental markets and help shed light on necessary future policy directions for NSW’s, and Australia’s, housing market.","PeriodicalId":47337,"journal":{"name":"Australian Geographer","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135148870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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