Health Promotion Journal of Australia最新文献_第4页

The design and evaluation of a bone health teaching module for secondary school students in NSW, Australia 澳大利亚新南威尔士州中学生骨骼健康教学模块的设计与评估。

IF 1.4 4区医学 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Health Promotion Journal of Australia

Pub Date : 2024-12-17 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.931

Jonathan Phuong, Rachel Lam, Rebekah Moles, Deborah Mason, Christopher White, Jacqueline Center, Stephen Carter

Issue Addressed

The growing prevalence of osteoporosis requires preventative management starting from an early age as peak bone mass is typically reached by age 30. However, current Australian adolescents are not adequately addressing key osteoprotective factors. Alarmingly, around 17% have insufficient vitamin D levels, 55% consume insufficient dietary calcium, and 79% are insufficiently active. Addressing these insufficiencies via bone health education and promoting healthier lifestyle choices are crucial to mitigate the risk of osteoporosis later in life.

Methods

A mixed methods study was undertaken to assess the design and effectiveness of four bone health education modules implemented in PDHPE lessons across NSW secondary schools. Pre- and post-module assessments included a multiple-choice questionnaire on osteoporosis knowledge, and a survey based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour domains to examine influences on healthy bone behaviour. Statistical analysis, qualitative interviews, and focus groups were used to evaluate changes in knowledge and behaviour resulting from the modules.

Results

Participation in bone health teaching modules improved students' knowledge and behaviours related to bone health. Subjective norms had the largest influence regarding behaviour changes. Both students and teachers engaged positively with the bone health modules, which were designed by clinicians and delivered by teachers.

So What?

The modules address knowledge gaps and provide strategies from an early age, empowering students and potentially contribute to improving long term bone health. There is a need to focus on promoting positive peer influence and facilitating easy access to bone-healthy behaviours in secondary education settings.

问题解决：骨质疏松症的日益流行需要从早期开始进行预防性管理，因为骨量高峰通常在30岁达到。然而，目前澳大利亚青少年没有充分解决关键的骨保护因素。令人担忧的是，大约17%的人维生素D水平不足，55%的人饮食中钙摄入不足，79%的人活动不足。通过骨骼健康教育和促进更健康的生活方式选择来解决这些不足，对于减轻晚年患骨质疏松症的风险至关重要。方法：采用一项混合方法研究来评估在新南威尔士州中学PDHPE课程中实施的四个骨骼健康教育模块的设计和有效性。模块前和模块后的评估包括关于骨质疏松知识的多项选择问卷，以及基于计划行为理论域的调查，以检查对健康骨骼行为的影响。使用统计分析、定性访谈和焦点小组来评估模块导致的知识和行为变化。结果：参与骨骼健康教学模块提高了学生的骨骼健康相关知识和行为。主观规范对行为改变的影响最大。学生和教师都积极参与由临床医生设计并由教师交付的骨骼健康模块。那又怎样?：这些模块解决了知识差距，并从早期开始提供策略，增强了学生的能力，并可能有助于改善长期的骨骼健康。有必要把重点放在促进积极的同伴影响和促进在中等教育环境中容易获得有益于骨骼健康的行为。

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引用次数: 0

Measuring Indigenous food security—A case for Indigenous designed tools 衡量土著粮食安全——土著设计工具的案例。

IF 1.4 4区医学 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Health Promotion Journal of Australia

Pub Date : 2024-12-15 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.945

Caroline Deen, Simone Sherriff, Madeline Shelling, Alana Gall, Beau Cubillo, Lisa Te Morenga, Julie Brimblecombe, Veronica Matthews

Food insecurity disproportionately impacts Indigenous peoples, leading to significant health disparities. Indigenous peoples globally share a deep and interconnected relationship to their lands, waterways and seas that ensures optimum health, and cultural, spiritual, social and emotional wellbeing. However, food security definitions and assessment frameworks in research and policy predominantly stem from capitalist and colonial food system values. These frameworks often fail to recognise the Indigenous knowledge systems and cultural practices that support food security. Experiences of food security are culturally bound. Therefore, any instrument to measure the food security experiences of Indigenous peoples should be culturally grounded, appropriate and safe, plus include relevant dimensions such as access to traditional foods, community sharing practices and spiritual connections to the land.

粮食不安全对土著人民的影响尤为严重，导致健康方面的巨大差异。全球土著人民与他们的土地、水道和海洋有着深厚和相互关联的关系，这种关系确保了最佳的健康以及文化、精神、社会和情感福祉。然而，研究和政策中的粮食安全定义和评估框架主要源于资本主义和殖民主义的粮食系统价值观。这些框架往往没有认识到支持粮食安全的土著知识体系和文化习俗。粮食安全的经验与文化息息相关。因此，任何衡量土著人民粮食安全经验的工具都应具有文化基础、适当性和安全性，并包括相关方面，如获取传统食物、社区共享做法以及与土地的精神联系。

引用次数: 0

Effectiveness of cross-sector collaboration in strategy implementation and impact: Evaluation of the NSW Skin Cancer Prevention Strategy 2016–2022 战略实施和影响中跨部门合作的有效性：2016-2022年新南威尔士州皮肤癌预防战略评估

IF 1.4 4区医学 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Health Promotion Journal of Australia

Pub Date : 2024-12-12 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.934

Gabriela Mercado, Irina Tupanceski, Nicola Scott, Nikki Woolley, Amanda Jayakody, Kate Reakes, Sarah McGill, Tracey O'Brien

Issues Addressed

Australia continues to have one of the highest rates of skin cancer in the world. In NSW, melanoma is the third most common cancer diagnosed. At least 95% of skin cancers are caused by overexposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) from the sun, making it a highly preventable cancer. The NSW Skin Cancer Prevention Strategy (the Strategy) aims to reduce overexposure to UVR through collaborative efforts across government and non-government partners and the private sector. An evaluation was required to inform the Skin Cancer Prevention Strategy 2023–2030 development and implementation.

Methods

The Strategy was evaluated using a mixed-methods approach, which included both process and outcome evaluation measures. Measures included population and campaign tracking surveys, administrative datasets, a document review of progress reports and meeting minutes, and semi-structured interviews and workshops with stakeholders.

Results

The evaluation outlined activities and achievements under each of the Strategy goals. Findings demonstrated improved understanding and awareness of sun protection policies and guidelines, improved access to adequate shade, increased measurability of shade availability and adequacy, and increased adoption of sun protection behaviours.

Conclusion

Cross-agency collaboration and commitment were a key strength of the Strategy. The continued prioritisation of settings (e.g. schools, workplaces, etc.) and populations outlined in the Strategy were supported by the evaluation's findings. Additional focus areas for the new Strategy were highlighted, including secondary prevention or early detection. Continued skin cancer prevention activities, including social marketing campaigns and public education programs, are essential to ensure the adoption of sun protection behaviours by priority populations.

解决的问题：澳大利亚仍然是世界上皮肤癌发病率最高的国家之一。在新南威尔士州，黑色素瘤是第三大最常见的癌症。至少95%的皮肤癌是由过度暴露于太阳紫外线辐射（UVR）引起的，这使它成为一种高度可预防的癌症。新南威尔士州皮肤癌预防战略（该战略）旨在通过政府、非政府合作伙伴和私营部门的合作努力，减少紫外线辐射的过度暴露。需要进行评估，以便为《2023-2030年皮肤癌预防战略》的制定和实施提供信息。方法：采用混合方法对该策略进行评价，包括过程评价和结果评价。措施包括人口和运动跟踪调查、行政数据集、进度报告和会议纪要的文件审查，以及与利益相关者的半结构化访谈和研讨会。结果：评估概述了每个战略目标下的活动和成就。调查结果表明，人们对防晒政策和指导方针的理解和认识有所提高，获得充足遮阳的机会有所改善，遮阳的可用性和充足性的可测量性有所提高，并增加了防晒行为的采用。结论：跨机构合作和承诺是该战略的关键力量。评估结果支持了《战略》中概述的环境（如学校、工作场所等）和人口的持续优先次序。强调了新战略的其他重点领域，包括二级预防或早期发现。持续的皮肤癌预防活动，包括社会营销活动和公众教育项目，对于确保重点人群采取防晒行为至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Piloting a citizen science approach to auditing rural walkability in Tasmania 在塔斯马尼亚试行公民科学方法来审计农村的步行性。

IF 1.4 4区医学 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Health Promotion Journal of Australia

Pub Date : 2024-12-11 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.936

Kim Jose, Samantha Rowbotham, Yvonne Laird, Oliver Stanesby, Leah Marks, Kate Garvey, Verity Cleland

Background

People living in ‘walkable’ areas are more active, but common approaches to assessing walkability using audit tools and geospatial data have limitations in rural areas. This project explored the feasibility, acceptability and benefits of using a citizen science approach to audit walkability in rural communities.

Methods

Using a citizen science approach, community members in rural towns completed audit tools and photographs to capture walkability. Researchers collated data and facilitated workshops with community members to identify priorities for action. The feasibility of applying a citizen science approach was evaluated through surveys and interviews with citizen scientists and project team members.

Results

Three rural Australian towns (population 300; 850; 2890) were included, with a total of 10 community members (1–6 per town) completing audits and 13 (4–9 per town) attending workshops. It was feasible for citizen scientists to complete audits to identify environmental and physical attributes and impediments to walking. It was less feasible for citizen scientists to audit local policies and programs. Workshops enabled a broader and deeper understanding of the data, and represent a crucial aspect of the citizen science process. Citizen scientists were motivated by a desire to improve their community. Lack of diversity among citizen scientists, safety and recruitment were limitations.

Conclusion/Discussion

Citizen science was a feasible and acceptable approach for auditing rural walkability, generating a rich and deep understanding of how the built environment impacts walking. Citizen science allows researchers, policy makers and community members to work together to generate data and establish priorities.

So What?

Citizen science has the potential to support the involvement of members of the public in research and decision-making in health promotion. Researchers need to adopt strategies to ensure diversity among citizen scientists as well as consider the support needs of citizen scientists when adopting this approach.

背景：生活在“可步行”地区的人们更活跃，但使用审计工具和地理空间数据评估可步行性的常用方法在农村地区存在局限性。本项目探讨了使用公民科学方法审核农村社区可步行性的可行性、可接受性和效益。方法：采用公民科学方法，在农村城镇社区成员完成审计工具和照片，以捕捉步行性。研究人员整理了数据，并为社区成员举办了研讨会，以确定行动的优先事项。通过对公民科学家和项目团队成员的调查和访谈，评估了应用公民科学方法的可行性。结果：三个澳大利亚农村城镇(人口300；850年;共有10名社区成员（每个镇1-6人）完成审计，13名社区成员（每个镇4-9人）参加研讨会。公民科学家完成审计以确定环境和物理属性以及行走障碍是可行的。公民科学家审核地方政策和项目是不太可行的。讲习班使人们能够更广泛、更深入地了解数据，并代表了公民科学进程的一个关键方面。公民科学家的动机是想要改善他们的社区。公民科学家缺乏多样性、安全性和招聘是限制因素。结论/讨论：公民科学是一种可行和可接受的方法来审计农村步行性，对建筑环境如何影响步行产生丰富而深刻的理解。公民科学允许研究人员、政策制定者和社区成员共同工作，生成数据并确定优先事项。那又怎样?公民科学具有支持公众成员参与健康促进研究和决策的潜力。科学家需要采取策略来确保公民科学家的多样性，并在采用这种方法时考虑公民科学家的支持需求。

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引用次数: 0

Investigating Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander male health and wellbeing programs and their key elements: A scoping review 调查土著和托雷斯海峡岛民男性健康和福利方案及其关键要素：范围审查。

IF 1.4 4区医学 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Health Promotion Journal of Australia

Pub Date : 2024-12-09 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.940

Kootsy Canuto, Celina Gaweda, Bryce Brickley, Rosie Neate, Courtney Hammond, Leah Newcombe, Graham Gee, Oliver Black, Douglas Clinch, James A. Smith, Karla J. Canuto

Issue Addressed

This scoping review aims to explore the size and scope of the body of literature relating to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander male health and wellbeing programs and describe key program elements.

Methods

This review considered unpublished and published literature from electronic peer-reviewed databases and grey literature sources. Included articles must refer to an Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander male health and wellbeing program. Descriptive data synthesised, and seven key program elements were analysed: (1) Origin of Design, (2) Governance, (3) Leads/Facilitators, (4) Funding, (5) Length and Frequency, (6) Outcomes and Measures, and (7) Monitoring and Evaluation.

Results

The review identified 54 programs described in 49 publications that were published between 1998 and 2022. Only 20 publications were peer-reviewed articles. Most programs (n = 44) were instigated, co-designed or adapted by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people to suit cultural and community needs. Reporting on key program elements varied, with only n = 25 of the included publications reporting governance systems.

Conclusions

This work is the first to synthesise the literature and describe the key elements of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander male health and wellbeing programs. Relatively few publications were found describing programs designed specifically for this population group.

So What?

While the descriptive findings of the programs and their key elements in this review can assist health promotion and primary care practitioners, further investment and research are required to strengthen the evidence base and achieve the best health and wellbeing outcomes for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander males.

所处理的问题：本范围审查旨在探讨与土著和托雷斯海峡岛民男性健康和福利方案有关的文献的规模和范围，并描述方案的关键要素。方法：本综述考虑了来自电子同行评议数据库和灰色文献来源的未发表和已发表文献。所载文章必须提及土著和托雷斯海峡岛民男性健康和福利方案。综合描述性数据，并分析了七个关键项目要素：(1)设计起源，(2)治理，(3)领导/促进者，(4)资金，(5)长度和频率，(6)结果和措施，以及(7)监测和评估。结果：该综述确定了1998年至2022年间出版的49份出版物中描述的54个项目。只有20篇出版物是同行评议的文章。大多数项目（n = 44）是由原住民和托雷斯海峡岛民发起、共同设计或改编的，以适应文化和社区需求。对关键项目要素的报告各不相同，只有n = 25的出版物报告了治理系统。结论：这项工作是第一个综合文献和描述土著和托雷斯海峡岛民男性健康和福利计划的关键要素。相对较少的出版物描述了专门为这一人群设计的方案。那又怎样?虽然本综述中对方案及其关键要素的描述性发现可以帮助健康促进和初级保健从业人员，但需要进一步的投资和研究来加强证据基础，并为土著和托雷斯海峡岛民男性实现最佳的健康和福祉结果。

{"title":"Investigating Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander male health and wellbeing programs and their key elements: A scoping review","authors":"Kootsy Canuto, Celina Gaweda, Bryce Brickley, Rosie Neate, Courtney Hammond, Leah Newcombe, Graham Gee, Oliver Black, Douglas Clinch, James A. Smith, Karla J. Canuto","doi":"10.1002/hpja.940","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hpja.940","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Issue Addressed</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This scoping review aims to explore the size and scope of the body of literature relating to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander male health and wellbeing programs and describe key program elements.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This review considered unpublished and published literature from electronic peer-reviewed databases and grey literature sources. Included articles must refer to an Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander male health and wellbeing program. Descriptive data synthesised, and seven key program elements were analysed: (1) Origin of Design, (2) Governance, (3) Leads/Facilitators, (4) Funding, (5) Length and Frequency, (6) Outcomes and Measures, and (7) Monitoring and Evaluation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The review identified 54 programs described in 49 publications that were published between 1998 and 2022. Only 20 publications were peer-reviewed articles. Most programs (<i>n</i> = 44) were instigated, co-designed or adapted by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people to suit cultural and community needs. Reporting on key program elements varied, with only <i>n</i> = 25 of the included publications reporting governance systems.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This work is the first to synthesise the literature and describe the key elements of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander male health and wellbeing programs. Relatively few publications were found describing programs designed specifically for this population group.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> So What?</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>While the descriptive findings of the programs and their key elements in this review can assist health promotion and primary care practitioners, further investment and research are required to strengthen the evidence base and achieve the best health and wellbeing outcomes for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander males.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":47379,"journal":{"name":"Health Promotion Journal of Australia","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11628877/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142802870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Socioeconomic status and adherence to COVID-19 preventative measures in Australia: A national cohort study 澳大利亚的社会经济地位与 COVID-19 预防措施的遵守情况：全国队列研究。

IF 1.4 4区医学 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Health Promotion Journal of Australia

Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.932

Muhamad S. Aljeaidi, Miriam L. Haaksma, Edwin C. K. Tan

Issue Addressed

The uptake of recommended preventative measures is a critical concern for protecting the public against COVID-19 outbreaks and future pandemics. However, it is unclear to what extent COVID-19 preventative measures were followed in Australia. This study aims to determine adherence level to COVID-19 preventative measures in 2021, and whether these were associated with socioeconomic status (SES).

Study Design

This was a national cross-sectional study using data from the Household Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey.

Methods

This study included 15 457 community-dwelling adults (18 years or older) who participated in the 2021 wave of HILDA survey. SES was assessed by the Socio-Economic Index For Areas (SEIFA) score, split into quintiles. Outcomes included self-reported adherence to COVID-19 preventative measures (mask wearing, keeping distance, staying home; sum score range 3–15) and COVID-19 status (yes/no). Linear and logistic regression were used accordingly to assess the association between SES and the sum score of adherence to COVID-19 measures, and COVID-19 vaccination status.

Results

Adherence to COVID-19 preventative measures and uptake of COVID-19 vaccine in Australia in 2021 were moderate (between 60% and 70%). Regression models showed higher SES was associated with a slightly higher score of adherence (β = .08, 95% CI = .04–.12) and a higher likelihood of self-reporting receiving COVID-19 vaccination (OR 1.27, 95% CI = 1.23–1.31).

Conclusion

SES was positively associated with the level of adherence to COVID-19 preventative measures and the probability of receiving COVID-19 vaccine. The findings of this study highlight the potential benefits of considering SES, particularly its impact on equity and access, when designing an educational program or awareness campaign in times of crisis.

So What?

The findings of this study highlight the importance of considering SES when designing an educational program or an awareness campaign in times of crisis.

解决的问题：采取建议的预防措施是保护公众免受 COVID-19 爆发和未来流行病影响的关键问题。然而，目前尚不清楚澳大利亚在多大程度上遵循了 COVID-19 预防措施。本研究旨在确定 2021 年 COVID-19 预防措施的遵守程度，以及这些措施是否与社会经济地位（SES）相关：研究设计：这是一项全国性横断面研究，使用的数据来自澳大利亚家庭收入和劳动力动态调查（HILDA）：这项研究包括 15 457 名社区居住的成年人（18 岁或以上），他们参加了 2021 年的 HILDA 调查。SES通过地区社会经济指数（SEIFA）得分进行评估，分为五等分。结果包括COVID-19预防措施（戴口罩、保持距离、呆在家中；总分范围为3-15分）的自我报告遵守情况和COVID-19状态（是/否）。我们采用线性回归和逻辑回归来评估社会经济地位与COVID-19措施坚持率总分和COVID-19疫苗接种情况之间的关系：结果：2021年澳大利亚对COVID-19预防措施的坚持率和COVID-19疫苗的接种率均处于中等水平（介于60%和70%之间）。回归模型显示，较高的社会经济地位与较高的依从性得分（β = .08，95% CI = .04-.12）和较高的自我报告接种 COVID-19 疫苗的可能性（OR 1.27，95% CI = 1.23-1.31）相关：结论：社会经济地位与坚持 COVID-19 预防措施的程度以及接种 COVID-19 疫苗的可能性呈正相关。本研究结果强调了在危机时期设计教育计划或宣传活动时考虑社会经济地位的潜在益处，特别是其对公平性和可及性的影响。所以呢？本研究结果强调了在危机时期设计教育计划或宣传活动时考虑社会经济地位的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Public health policy for temporary seasonal workers with chronic hepatitis B in high-income countries: A comparative analysis 高收入国家针对患有慢性乙型肝炎的季节性临时工的公共卫生政策：比较分析。

IF 1.4 4区医学 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Health Promotion Journal of Australia

Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.928

Haylee Fox, William Mude, Geraldine Vaughan, Robyn Preston, Catherine O'Mullan, Zhihong Gu

Issue Addressed

This study examines Australia's Hepatitis B public health policies with a focus on the Pacific Australia Labour Mobility scheme seasonal workers as a priority population. The aim is to evaluate if Australia's Hepatitis B public health policies adequately address health disparities and equitable access to health care for seasonal workers as a priority population. We draw comparisons with the public health policies of New Zealand and Canada, to understand how these nations approach similar health concerns among their temporary seasonal workers.

Methods

A health policy analysis was conducted on the public health Hepatitis B policies in Australia and then compared with those in Canada and New Zealand. Due to the nature of the study question, the review had a major focus on grey literature. The search was undertaken in two stages, including (1) Google search engine and (2) targeted websites. Basic document data was produced in descriptive summaries. Any data either explicitly or inexplicitly relating to the elimination of hepatitis B or equity towards the inclusion of seasonal workers was produced as analytical summaries through multiple revisions.

Results

Nineteen documents were identified, predominantly from Australia. Although Hepatitis B public health policies emphasised testing and awareness in priority populations, specifically mentioning seasonal workers as a priority population was absent in all three countries.

Conclusions

The study underscores the exclusion of temporary seasonal workers in public health policies and strategies as a human rights issue, conflicting with principles of equity and equitable access to health care. Despite acknowledging challenges for temporary visa holders, policies lack specific provisions for seasonal workers. Addressing this gap is crucial for health equity and inclusive health systems.

So What?

Our findings highlight the need to prioritise equity for temporary seasonal workers to achieve hepatitis B elimination goals by 2030. Exclusion from public health policies is a human rights concern, impacting access to quality health care. This study advocates for inclusive policies explicitly recognising temporary seasonal workers as a priority population, aligning with international human rights commitments to health care for all.

所涉及的问题：本研究探讨了澳大利亚的乙型肝炎公共卫生政策，重点关注作为优先人群的澳大利亚太平洋劳工流动计划季节性工人。目的是评估澳大利亚的乙型肝炎公共卫生政策是否充分解决了季节性工人这一重点人群的健康差异和公平获得医疗保健的问题。我们将其与新西兰和加拿大的公共卫生政策进行比较，以了解这些国家是如何处理季节性临时工的类似健康问题的：方法：我们对澳大利亚的乙肝公共卫生政策进行了分析，然后与加拿大和新西兰的政策进行了比较。由于研究问题的性质，综述主要侧重于灰色文献。搜索分两个阶段进行，包括 (1) 谷歌搜索引擎和 (2) 目标网站。基本文献数据以描述性摘要的形式生成。任何明确或不明确涉及消除乙型肝炎或公平纳入季节性工人的数据，都经过多次修订后以分析性摘要的形式呈现：结果：共发现 19 份文件，主要来自澳大利亚。尽管乙型肝炎公共卫生政策强调对重点人群进行检测并提高他们的认识，但在所有三个国家中都没有特别提到季节性工人是重点人群：这项研究强调，公共卫生政策和战略将季节性临时工排除在外是一个人权问题，与公平和平等获得医疗保健服务的原则相冲突。尽管承认临时签证持有者面临的挑战，但政策缺乏针对季节性工人的具体规定。消除这一差距对于实现医疗公平和包容性医疗体系至关重要。所以呢？我们的研究结果强调，要实现到 2030 年消除乙型肝炎的目标，就必须优先考虑季节性临时工的公平问题。被排斥在公共卫生政策之外是一个人权问题，会影响人们获得高质量的医疗保健服务。本研究倡导制定包容性政策，明确承认季节性临时工是优先人群，与人人享有医疗保健的国际人权承诺保持一致。

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引用次数: 0

Intermediate and secondary school food environment in New Zealand: Food and drink menu assessment 新西兰中小学食品环境：餐饮菜单评估。

IF 1.4 4区医学 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Health Promotion Journal of Australia

Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.929

Shannon Green, Ajmol Ali, Carol Wham

Issue Addressed

Nutrition-related obesity is rising among adolescents in New Zealand with an estimated one in eight children being obese. The school environment is an ideal community setting for encouraging a healthy lifestyle as schools contain a diverse population and involve students and parents. However, the healthiness of food available to intermediate and secondary school students (Years 7–13) is unknown. This study assessed how food and drink menus from schools align with policy guidelines for healthy school food environments.

Methods

A convenience sample of NZ schools' (years 7–13; ages 10–19) menus was collected in 2020. Menus were classified using traffic light criteria. A toolkit was developed by three nutritionists and one dietitian (with trained staff support) to aid with menu classification. Menu quality was evaluated against school characteristics and policy use.

Results

Of the school menus assessed (n = 60), 3.3% met the recommendation for the provision of 75% ‘green’ items. ‘Red’ items were the main contributors (mean = 53.6%). Schools with high socio-economic status (deciles 8–10; 14.3%; p < 0.05) and small school size (<749 students; 14.1%; p < 0.025) were associated with a higher proportion of ‘green’ items. Community (19.3%) and in-house (25.9%) food providers provided a lower percentage of ‘amber’ items than school providers (39.3%; p < 0.001). In-house providers (64.6%) had a greater percentage of ‘red’ items than school providers (48.2%; p = 0.017).

Conclusion

Food available in schools (Years 7–13) tends to be unhealthy. A national nutrition policy could improve the school food environment, especially in schools with large populations and low socio-economic status.

So What?

School demographics have been associated with menu quality but further research within these schools is needed to identify the gaps to improve equitable outcomes within school food environments.

解决问题：新西兰青少年中与营养有关的肥胖率正在上升，估计每八名儿童中就有一名肥胖。学校环境是鼓励健康生活方式的理想社区环境，因为学校里有不同的人群，学生和家长都参与其中。然而，中学生（7-13 年级）的食品健康状况却不为人知。本研究评估了学校的餐饮菜单与健康校园食品环境政策指南的一致性：方法：2020 年收集了新西兰学校（7-13 年级；10-19 岁）的菜单样本。采用交通灯标准对菜单进行分类。三名营养学家和一名营养师（在经过培训的工作人员的支持下）开发了一个工具包，以帮助菜单分类。根据学校特点和政策使用情况对菜单质量进行评估：结果：在接受评估的学校菜单（n = 60）中，3.3%的菜单符合75%"绿色 "菜品的建议。红色 "食品是主要原因（平均 = 53.6%）。社会经济地位较高的学校（第 8-10 个十分位数；14.3%；P学校（7-13 年级）提供的食物往往不健康。国家营养政策可以改善学校食品环境，尤其是在人口众多、社会经济地位较低的学校。所以呢？学校人口统计与菜单质量有关，但需要在这些学校开展进一步研究，找出差距，以改善学校食品环境的公平结果。

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引用次数: 0

Retrospective analysis of regional and metropolitan school food environments using Google Street View: A case study in New South Wales, Australia with youth consultation 利用谷歌街景对地区和大都市学校食品环境进行回顾性分析：澳大利亚新南威尔士州的案例研究与青少年咨询。

IF 1.4 4区医学 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Health Promotion Journal of Australia

Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.930

Kitty Tse, Michelle X. Zeng, Alice A. Gibson, Stephanie R. Partridge, Rebecca Raeside, Radhika Valanju, Emily McMahon, Bowen Ren, Fulin Yan, Margaret Allman-Farinelli, Si Si Jia

Issue Addressed

Food environments surrounding schools have a strong influence on the adolescent's food choices. Moreover, the prevalence of diet-related chronic diseases is higher in regional than metropolitan areas in Australia. Understanding school food environments in these different settings is crucial for informing future strategies to improve adolescent health.

Methods

Google Street View was used to identify food outlets within 1.6 km around all secondary schools in Wagga Wagga and Blacktown in New South Wales which were selected as regional and metropolitan case study areas. Based on food outlet type, healthfulness categories were assigned, and Chi-squared tests were performed. The Health Advisory Panel for Youth at the University of Sydney (HAPYUS) were engaged to obtain their perspectives on findings.

Results

Unhealthful food outlets were consistently most prevalent around schools in Wagga Wagga and Blacktown over 17 years. In 2023, these were predominantly restaurants (19.4% vs. 21.1%), cafés (16.8% vs. 11.1%), fast-food franchise outlets (15.1% vs. 17.4%) and independent takeaway stores (14.1% vs. 9.6%). No significant difference in healthfulness between regional and metropolitan areas was found. Youth advisors recognised price and social reasons as major contributors to food choices.

Conclusions

Google Street View was used as a novel resource to examine school food environments in regional and metropolitan areas which have remained consistently unhealthful for nearly two decades.

So What?

Unhealthful school food environments may encourage poor diets and exacerbate rates of adolescent overweight and obesity. Critical government action is needed to improve school food environments.

解决的问题：学校周围的饮食环境对青少年的饮食选择有很大影响。此外，在澳大利亚，与饮食相关的慢性疾病在地区的发病率要高于大都市地区。了解这些不同环境下的学校食品环境对未来改善青少年健康的策略至关重要：方法：我们使用谷歌街景图识别了新南威尔士州瓦加瓦加（Wagga Wagga）和布莱克敦（Blacktown）所有中学周围 1.6 公里范围内的食品店，这两个地区分别被选为地区和大都市案例研究区。根据食品店的类型，对其健康程度进行分类，并进行卡方检验。悉尼大学青年健康顾问小组（HAPYUS）也参与其中，以了解他们对研究结果的看法：结果：在过去的 17 年中，不健康食品店在瓦加瓦加和布莱克镇的学校周围一直最为普遍。2023 年，这些食品店主要是餐馆（19.4% 对 21.1%）、咖啡馆（16.8% 对 11.1%）、快餐专营店（15.1% 对 17.4%）和独立外卖店（14.1% 对 9.6%）。在健康方面，地区和大都市之间没有发现明显差异。青年顾问认为，价格和社会原因是影响食物选择的主要因素：谷歌街景作为一种新颖的资源，被用来研究地区和大都市地区的学校食品环境，近二十年来，这些地区的学校食品环境始终不健康。所以呢：不健康的学校食品环境可能会助长不良饮食习惯，并加剧青少年超重和肥胖的发生率。政府需要采取关键行动来改善学校食品环境。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluation of the ‘A walk can work wonders’ mass media campaign in South Australia 对南澳大利亚州 "散步能创造奇迹 "大众传媒活动的评估。

IF 1.4 4区医学 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Health Promotion Journal of Australia

Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.923

Adrian Bauman, Natasha Schranz, William Bellew, Gabrielle Fisher, Benjamin Krumeich, Alyson J. Crozier

<div> <section> <h3> Issue Addressed</h3> <p>Few population-wide efforts have targeted physical activity in Australia. Mass media campaigns are used to promote physical activity and walking, and World Health Organisation recommends their linkage to broader cross-government initiatives. This project evaluates a South Australian (SA) walking mass media campaign linked to the overall SA Walking Strategy.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>Between January and June 2022, Wellbeing SA (a SA government agency) conducted two waves of a mass media campaign, ‘A walk can work wonders’, to promote walking. The campaign was part of the SA Walking Strategy, targeting the goal to change the ‘community culture towards recognising walking’ as convenient, affordable and health-promoting. Evaluation was formative (pre-campaign), process (campaign implementation and delivery) and impact. Formative evaluation comprised concept and tagline testing with adult SAs to develop the campaign messages and theme. Process evaluation was comprised of media monitoring of social media, mainstream media and other media monitoring metrics. The process evaluation was dominated by social media marketing in Wave 1, with substantially more paid TV media and radio in Wave 2. The impact evaluation comprised two independent sample surveys of adult SAs (<i>n</i> = 800 each) following each wave of the campaign. Measures included generic and prompted campaign recall and attitudes to physical activity. An independent South Australian Population Health Survey (SAPHS) tracked walking and physical activity behaviours from 2021 to the end of 2022.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>Process evaluation showed intensive social media usage in Wave 1, and through increased paid television and radio in Wave 2. Generic recall of any walking message (23.9%) and prompted recall of the specific campaign message (27.8%) reached most socio-demographic groups, especially those with chronic health problems. Increases in intention to increase activity and increased self-reported activity were seen between the campaign Wave 1 and Wave 2 notable as the Wave 2 increase followed substantial television advertising. The SAPHS data showed increased population walking following the campaign waves, compared to the same period in 2021.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Conclusions</h3> <p>Detailed and structured evaluation of a comprehensive mass media campaign showed good reach, and population changes in intentions and walking behaviour amongst SAs.</p> </section>

解决的问题：在澳大利亚，针对全民体育活动的努力很少。世界卫生组织建议将大众媒体运动与更广泛的跨政府倡议联系起来，以促进体育锻炼和步行。本项目评估了与南澳大利亚州总体步行战略相关联的南澳大利亚州（SA）步行大众媒体活动：2022 年 1 月至 6 月期间，南澳大利亚州（Wellbeing SA，南澳大利亚州政府机构）开展了两轮名为 "步行能创造奇迹 "的大众媒体活动，以推广步行。该活动是南澳大利亚步行战略的一部分，目标是改变 "社区文化，让人们认识到步行 "是一种方便、实惠和促进健康的方式。评估包括形成性评估（活动前）、过程评估（活动实施和交付）和影响评估。形成性评估包括与成人 SA 一起进行概念和标语测试，以制定活动信息和主题。过程评估包括对社交媒体、主流媒体和其他媒体监测指标的媒体监测。第一波的过程评估以社交媒体营销为主，第二波的付费电视媒体和广播媒体大幅增加。影响评估包括在每波活动后对成年 SA 进行的两次独立抽样调查（每次 n = 800）。调查内容包括运动的一般回忆和提示回忆，以及对体育锻炼的态度。一项独立的南澳大利亚人口健康调查（SAPHS）追踪了从 2021 年到 2022 年底的步行和体育锻炼行为：过程评估显示，在第一波活动中，社交媒体得到了广泛使用，而在第二波活动中，付费电视和广播的使用量有所增加。大多数社会人口群体，尤其是有慢性健康问题的群体，对任何步行信息的一般回忆率（23.9%）和对特定运动信息的提示回忆率（27.8%）都达到了要求。在活动第一波和第二波之间，增加活动量的意向和自我报告的活动量都有增加，这一点很明显，因为第二波的活动量是在大量电视广告之后增加的。SAPHS 的数据显示，与 2021 年同期相比，在运动浪潮之后，步行人口有所增加：对一项综合性大众媒体活动进行的详细而有序的评估表明，该活动的覆盖范围很广，并且改变了南澳大利亚人的意向和步行行为。所以呢？需要开展连续、持续的宣传活动，以监测持续效果。

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引用次数: 0