Nurse Researcher最新文献

Background: The global COVID-19 pandemic has affected data collection for many researchers, in particular research that involves face-to-face interviews.

Aim: To share learning about the challenges encountered when face-to-face interviews could not continue as planned in a study and how to adapt data collection so that it can continue despite severe disruption.

Discussion: This article examines the considerations and actions taken by the authors to ensure the continuity of data collection. The research aimed to use narrative inquiry to understand the experiences of significant others supporting people in intensive care units with severe burn injuries. But the pandemic meant the researchers could not meet face-to-face with participants as originally intended and so they had to consider new ways to approach data collection. The authors explore the process of adapting the interviews to video conferencing and telephone use while preserving the study's person-centred focus to remain coherent with narrative methodology.

Conclusion: Adapting data collection is valuable in ensuring the continuity of research. Careful consideration and planning are required to ensure the research remains robust and ethically sound.

Implications for practice: Adapting data collection methods can allow for greater flexibility when participants cannot attend face-to-face interviews.

Background: The main barrier to engaging nurses in research is the lack of research knowledge and skills.

Aim: To explore the influence of research workshops on the research orientation of nurses in a large referral hospital in Qatar.

Discussion: This article describes a cross-sectional study involving 564 nurses working in 14 health facilities who attended research workshops in Qatar. The authors collected data using the Edmonton Research Orientation Survey (EROS) as well as questions considering support and barriers to research. Descriptive statistics were used to summarise and determine the sample characteristics and distribution of participants. The participants who attended the workshop were found to have a higher orientation towards the EROS sub-scales of evidence-based practice, valuing of research, involvement in research, being at the leading edge of the profession and support for research, compared to those who did not attend the workshop. There was no statistical difference between the groups in the research barrier sub-scale.

Conclusion: Despite significant improvements in their responses to the EROS research orientation sub-scales after attending the workshop, the nurses still reported many barriers to being actively engaged in research.

Implications for practice: Healthcare organisations should assist with integrating evidence-based practice into healthcare. There is a need for research education for clinical nurses to bring evidence into clinical practice to improve the quality of patient outcomes. Increasing the research capacity of nurses will lead to their emancipation in addressing the flaws in clinical practice and motivate them to use evidence in patient care.

Background: Systematic reviews are complex and involve time-consuming, deep research in the academic literature to search, extract data, assess their quality and report the results. Digital tools and software have been developed to simplify different phases of this process but some of these are not free to use. Microsoft Excel is typically accessible to a great many researchers free of charge, so using it involves no further costs.

Aim: To explain how to use Microsoft Excel to create transparent and complete reports for systematic reviews.

Discussion: The author's method includes six steps: downloading the references, preparing worksheets, removing any duplicate references, screening the references by title and abstract, screening the full text of references, and listing the articles for inclusion in the review.

Conclusion: The Excel method is efficient and free and can produce transparent and complete reports of systematic reviews. It is a valid alternative to the systematic reviews produced by advanced tools and software.

Implications for practice: The documents produced by this method are a good source for the direct production of scientific texts.

Background: Nurse researchers are constantly seeking novel methods of maintaining philosophical congruence while advancing their knowledge of the human condition using paradigmatically diverse means.

Aim: To provide an overview of the research philosophies underpinning the mixed methods grounded theory (MM-GT) methodology, illustrate its optimal use and introduce a quality-appraisal tool being developed with reference to extant literature.

Discussion: The utility of MM-GT has been effectively demonstrated in the nursing and health literature. Yet, there are examples of how it has been under-used and sub-optimally applied. This article includes a two-phase MM-GT study protocol guided by a pragmatic research philosophy and best practice recommendations that aims to explain neonatal nurses' professional quality of life.

Conclusion: Optimal use of MM-GT's five essential components - purposive sampling, constant comparative methods with iterative coding and analysis, theoretical saturation, memoing and theory development - combine to produce high-quality, defensible research outputs and new nursing theory.

Implications for practice: Research outputs, such as publication and presentation, expounding the multifactorial influences affecting neonatal nurses' professional quality of life will not only benefit the neonatal nursing community but also contribute to the corpus of nursing and midwifery research and enhance the health, well-being and retention of nurses and midwives more broadly.

Background: The statistical shortcomings of null hypothesis significance testing (NHST) are well documented, yet it continues to be the default paradigm in quantitative healthcare research. This is due partly to unfamiliarity with Bayesian statistics.

Aim: To highlight some of the theoretical and practical benefits of using Bayesian analysis.

Discussion: A growing body of literature demonstrates that Bayesian analysis offers statistical and practical benefits that are unavailable to researchers who rely solely on NHST. Bayesian analysis uses prior information in the inference process. It tests a hypothesis and yields the probability of that hypothesis, conditional on the observed data; in contrast, NHST checks observed data - and more extreme unobserved data - against a hypothesis and yields the long-term probability of the data based on repeated hypothetical experiments. Bayesian analysis provides quantification of the evidence for the null and alternative hypothesis, whereas NHST does not provide evidence for the null hypothesis. Bayesian analysis allows for multiplicity of testing without corrections, whereas NHST multiplicity requires corrections. Finally, it allows sequential data collection with variable stopping, whereas NHST sequential designs require specialised statistical approaches.

Conclusion: The Bayesian approach provides statistical, practical and ethical advantages over NHST.

Implications for practice: The quantification of uncertainty provided by Bayesian analysis - particularly Bayesian parameter estimation - should better inform evidence-based clinical decision-making. Bayesian analysis provides researchers with the freedom to analyse data in real time with optimal stopping when the data is persuasive and continuing when data is weak, thereby ensuring better use of the researcher's time and resources.

Background: Safety measurement tools have traditionally examined safety climate and culture from the perspective of healthcare professionals. A small number of studies have used tools to measure patients' perceptions of safety.

Aim: To develop and check the validity of a questionnaire, the King's Patient Safety Measure (KPSM), that assesses how patients perceive their safety when receiving acute care.

Discussion: A cross-sectional survey of 158 patients was undertaken that was constructed to establish the validity and reliability of a 13-item questionnaire. A general linear model statistically tested how patients perceived the safety of their care and whether those views were associated with covariates that included characteristics such as age, gender, ethnic identity, socio-economic factors, how long they stayed in hospital and the way they were admitted to hospital.

Conclusion: The KPSM is a validated tool consisting of a single factor that is internally consistent.

Implications for practice: The KPSM is appropriate for and potentially applicable to a diverse range of patients and could act as an early warning tool.

Background: Interviewing is a vital and common method of collecting data in qualitative research. The interview is usually recorded and a written transcription is created from the recording. The transcription document is then analysed by reading and re-reading to fracture the data and develop initial codes, as in grounded theory methodology. However, this method has disadvantages.

Aim: To report on how the authors used the process of generating initial codes during their analysis in a research study.

Discussion: The authors compare the rigour and efficiency of generating initial codes from reading written transcripts with generating initial codes from listening to recordings. The most notable difference between the two methods is the length of time needed to transcribe the recording before coding can start. The authors discuss the lessons they learned from their pragmatic decision to expedite initial coding by listening to rather than reading the interview data.

Conclusion: Grounded theory requires concurrent data generation and analysis. Audio analysis is efficient in developing initial codes from interview recordings.

Implications for practice: Nurse researchers can use the audio method of analysing interview data.