Learning Disabilities Research & Practice最新文献

Effective early mathematics instruction is critical to support long-term mathematics achievement. Given that student response to typical instruction varies, a range of mathematics interventions have been developed to support foundational mathematics development. However, not all students respond to these interventions. To better understand factors associated with intervention response, the current study explored how domain general cognitive skills were associated with intervention response for 621 kindergarten students with or at risk for mathematics difficulties. Results indicated that although domain general skills were associated with mathematics achievement, there was no evidence of differential response to intervention based on cognitive skills. When examining differences while holding initial mathematics skill constant, there was a non-significant, but potentially important pattern of students with higher domain general skills demonstrating greater mathematics gains as a result of intervention participation. Implications for mathematics intervention and curriculum development, including potentially impactful instructional approaches and cognitive scaffolds are discussed.

In this systematic review, we explored mathematics interventions for middle school (Grades 6, 7, and 8) implemented with students who experienced difficulty in the area of mathematics, including students with an identified learning disability in mathematics. A total of 72 single-subject and group comparison studies met inclusion criteria, with 59 studies demonstrating positive effects on student-level mathematics outcomes. The majority of mathematics interventions focused on foundational, prealgebraic skills (e.g., operations and problem solving) related to algebraic reasoning. To understand the landscape of effective mathematics interventions and inform instruction within mathematics intervention, we identified six instructional components used with regularity within the effective studies. These components included explicit instruction, multiple representations, problem-solving instruction, mathematical language, mnemonics, and graphic organizers.

This study investigated the relationship between parental cognitions, coping styles, and stress in parents of children with learning disabilities. More specifically, parental beliefs about self-efficacy and satisfaction in the parenting role were examined in relation to parenting stress. Furthermore, the relationship between parenting stress and problem-focused and emotion-focused coping styles was evaluated. Participants, who were 147 parents of 5- to 12-year-old children who had been diagnosed with a learning disability, completed three self-report measures. A hierarchical multiple regression model was used to examine the effects of the predictor variables on parenting stress. Results revealed that parents’ perceptions of the severity of their child's learning disability, as well as their use of emotion-focused coping strategies, were significant predictors of parenting stress levels. Participants’ beliefs regarding their self-efficacy in the parenting role and their satisfaction with the parenting role were not significant predictors of parenting stress. Additionally, parental use of problem-focused coping strategies was not a significant predictor of parenting stress. Implications for future research and clinical practice are discussed.

Fluent production of a variety of grammatically correct sentences is essential to overall writing quality across genres. Sentence-production skills become increasingly important as students prepare to transition from the elementary grades to middle-school. Many students in the upper-elementary grades, however, struggle with sentence production skills—especially writers with a learning disability. This paper provides useful information for educators focusing on improving the quality of sentence-level writing skills for students with learning disabilities in Grades 3–5. Specifically, guidance is provided for using (a) assessment to inform sentence-level intervention and (b) a sequence of instructional practices for improving foundational sentence-level production skills.

This article is the second part of a two-part article focusing on research that has been conducted on Content Enhancement Routines, instructional routines developed to be used during inclusive subject-area instruction. Part I of this article (Schumaker and Fisher, 2021) reviews the original validation studies that were conducted on four Content Enhancement Routines. This second part of the article reviews 10 empirical studies that have been conducted comparing the effects of two professional development methods (i.e., a computerized workshop and a live workshop) for instructing teachers to use the same four teaching routines. In every study, teacher knowledge of the routine and teacher preparation for using the routine were measured. In four of the studies, teacher implementation of the routine within inclusive classes as well as student performance were also measured. Results were reported for the whole group of students in all four studies, and for students with LD in three of the studies. In all of the studies, teachers made large and significant gains in performance on all measures after both workshop conditions, representing large effect sizes. All in-service teachers performed the routine at a high level of quality in their classes after 3 hours of instruction. In two studies, the teachers who participated in the computerized instruction earned significantly higher implementation scores than the teachers who participated in the live instruction. Regarding student performance across the studies, the whole group of students and the students with LD earned significantly higher scores on the posttests than on the pretests for both groups of teachers, again representing large effect sizes. Additionally, in two studies, the whole groups of students whose teachers used the software earned significantly higher scores on posttests than the whole groups of students whose teachers participated in live sessions. These studies replicate and extend the studies reviewed in Part I of this article; they show that quality teacher use of four Content Enhancement Routines results in increases in performance for all students, and for students with LD in inclusive classes.

Since its inception, a premise of special education has been to provide students with disabilities with an appropriate education. The interpretation of appropriate has evolved across eras of special education. For students with learning disabilities, emphases on inclusion and high-stakes achievement have eroded the intention of FAPE. It is time for a re-envisioning of FAPE. A new vision should not presume the same outcomes for all. Restoring goals and individualized curriculum informed by the general education curriculum instead of exclusively focused “in the general education curriculum” is the way forward.

Students with mathematics difficulties often struggle with conceptual and procedural understanding of fractions. Self-regulated strategy development (SRSD) is an evidence-based framework for teaching a variety of academic skills, including mathematics. The purpose of this study was to extend preliminary work using SRSD Fractions to support the fraction performance of fourth-grade students with mathematics difficulties. Using a fuzzy regression discontinuity design, we evaluated the effects of a Tier 2 intervention implemented within a multitiered systems of support framework with 60 participants, 16 of whom participated in the intervention. While students in the treatment group had higher scores on the posttest, the local average treatment effect was not statistically significant, but the overall difference in difference score suggested a large effect (g = 0.81; 95 percent CI 0.18 and 1.43). Limitations and future directions are discussed.

This article will discuss ways to use self-regulated strategy development for argumentative writing across content areas. The goal of self-regulated strategy development is for students to generalize the use of the strategy across settings, allowing them to become fluent and proficient writers in all areas. In addition, the generalization of the strategy across settings increases maintenance of skills across time. We will provide steps for educators to use the self-regulated strategy development instructional approach—more commonly used in reading, writing, and mathematics—across science and social studies content areas with key illustrations using new mnemonics from current practitioners.