Learning Disabilities Research & Practice最新文献

Self-regulated strategy development (SRSD) is an instructional framework considered to be an evidence-based practice in writing. In this article, SRSD's foundations and structure is briefly described. Then, the authors provide a summary of studies of SRSD applied across content areas, including writing, reading, mathematics, science, and social studies along with an introduction to the special issue.

This article is the first part of a two-part article focusing on the 35-year journey of a team of researchers as they navigated the research-to-practice road related to the development of the Content Enhancement Routines, instructional routines to be used during inclusive subject-area instruction. Part I tells the story of the first half of that journey and highlights the original validation research studies that were conducted on four Content Enhancement Routines: the Concept Mastery Routine, the Concept Comparison Routine, the Concept Anchoring Routine, and the Question Exploration Routine. Each study utilizes some type of experimental research design to determine the effects of teachers’ use of the routine on the test performance of subgroups of secondary students within inclusive classes. The subgroups included students with disabilities and students without disabilities—high achievers, normal achievers, and low achievers. In all of the studies, the students who participated in the instructional routine earned significantly higher test scores than students who participated in a standard lecture/discussion lesson. Additionally, where significant differences were found, the performance of each subgroup of students that participated in the instructional routine was significantly higher than the performance of their paired subgroup that participated in the lecture/discussion lesson.

Writing is an essential academic skill that proves challenging for many learners both with and without diagnosed learning disabilities. In this multiple probe across participants study, a fifth-grade special educator in an inclusive setting implemented Self-regulated Strategy Development for the informational genre. Eight Black students participated—five had IEPs, three were referred by teachers. Research questions explored fidelity of SRSD instruction following practice-based professional development; social validity; and the impact on writing outcomes including genre elements, length, holistic quality, strategy use, and academic vocabulary. The teacher implemented SRSD with high fidelity. All writing outcomes increased following intervention. Instances of copying text directly from sources decreased. Both teacher and students rated SRSD high on measures of social validity.

This study investigated the effect of the self-regulated strategy development (SRSD) instructional approach on the reading comprehension of systems-involved youth served in a secure juvenile justice setting. Using a cluster randomized controlled trial (CRT) pretest/posttest design, youth in the treatment group were taught the TRAP mnemonic (Think before reading, Read the paragraph, Ask yourself what the paragraph is mostly about and what is the most important information, and Paraphrase the paragraph). Results indicate modest improvement within the treatment group as compared to the control group, along with high treatment fidelity and social validity. Implications for practitioners, limitations, and suggestions for future research are presented.

Culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) students comprise a substantial population of students with learning disabilities, and are historically disproportionately represented in special education. To effectively teach CLD students with learning disabilities, teachers should integrate evidence-based practices and culturally sustaining pedagogy in their practice. This article highlights several practical examples of culturally sustaining evidence-based practices across the content areas of mathematics, reading, and writing. Suggestions for practice and future research are presented in the article.

This meta-analysis synthesized research on math performance outcomes for English learners (EL) as a function of language-focused (math vocabulary) interventions. We included group and single-subject design studies with children from kindergarten to 8th grade (3,766 students for group, 30 for single-subject). Group studies yielded a mean Hedges’ g of 0.26 in favor of the interventions relative to the control conditions, whereas single-subject studies yielded a mean Percentage of Non-Overlapping Data of 81.01% and Phi coefficient of .66 relative to baseline. Although group studies yielded small effect sizes (ESs), we found significant moderators for grade level, intervention focus, and length of intervention. Single-subject studies yielded higher ESs than group studies, and were considered generally effective, with a high ES. This finding was attributed to a direct focus on children with math difficulties and one-to-one instruction. The implications for practice and future research are discussed.

The present study employed a think-aloud method to explore the origin of centrality deficit (i.e., poor recall of central ideas) in individuals with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Moreover, utilizing the diverse think-aloud responses, we examined the overall quality of text processing employed by individuals with ADHD during reading, in order to shed more light on text-level deficiencies underlying their poor comprehension after reading. To address these goals, adolescents with and without ADHD were asked to state aloud whatever comes to their minds during the reading of two expository texts. After reading, the participants freely recalled text ideas and answered multiple-choice questions on the texts. Compared to controls, participants with ADHD generated fewer responses that reflect deep, efficient text processing, and reinstated fewer prior text ideas, particularly central ones, during reading. Moreover, the proportions of deep processing responses positively associated with participants’ performance on recall and comprehension tasks. These findings suggest that individuals with ADHD exhibit poor text comprehension and memory, particularly of central ideas, because they construct a low-quality, less-connected text representation during reading, and produce fewer, less-elaborated retrieval cues for subsequent tasks after reading.