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Mitotic abnormalities and spindle assembly checkpoint inactivation in a cell model of Shwachman-Diamond syndrome with mutations in the Shwachman-Bodian-Diamond syndrome gene, 258+2T > C. 舒瓦赫曼-博迪恩-钻石综合征基因 258+2T > C 突变导致舒瓦赫曼-博迪恩-钻石综合征细胞模型出现有丝分裂异常和纺锤体组装检查点失活。
IF 16.4 Q3 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-11-15 Epub Date: 2024-10-26 DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2024.01070
Yukihiro Sera, Tsuneo Imanaka, Yusuke Iguchi, Masafumi Yamaguchi

Hematologic abnormalities are the most common symptoms of Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (SDS). The causative gene for SDS is the Shwachman-Bodian-Diamond syndrome (SBDS) gene; however, the function of SBDS and pathogenesis of each condition in SDS are largely unknown. SBDS is known to be localized at mitotic spindles and stabilizes microtubules. Previously, we demonstrated that SBDS is ubiquitinated and subsequently degraded in the mitotic phase, thereby accelerating mitotic progression. In this study, we examined mitosis in a myeloid cell model of SDS (SDS cells). 4',6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI)-stained chromosome observation and cell cycle analysis of nocodazole-synchronized cells revealed that the SDS cells have abnormally rapid mitosis. In addition, many lagging chromosomes and micronuclei were detected. Moreover, the phosphorylation of threonine tyrosine kinase, the crucial kinase of the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), was suppressed. Chromosomal instability caused by SAC dysfunction may cause a variety of clinical conditions, including hematologic tumors in patients with SDS.

血液学异常是舒瓦赫曼-钻石综合征(SDS)最常见的症状。SDS 的致病基因是 Shwachman-Bodian-Diamond 综合征(SBDS)基因;然而,SBDS 的功能和 SDS 中每种病症的发病机理在很大程度上都是未知的。已知 SBDS 定位于有丝分裂轴并稳定微管。此前,我们证明了 SBDS 在有丝分裂期被泛素化并随后降解,从而加速了有丝分裂的进程。在这项研究中,我们研究了 SDS 骨髓细胞模型(SDS 细胞)中的有丝分裂。对诺贺唑同步化细胞进行4',6-二脒基-2-苯基吲哚(DAPI)染色的染色体观察和细胞周期分析发现,SDS细胞的有丝分裂异常迅速。此外,还检测到许多滞后染色体和微核。此外,苏氨酸酪氨酸激酶(纺锤体组装检查点(SAC)的关键激酶)的磷酸化受到抑制。SAC功能障碍导致的染色体不稳定性可能引发多种临床症状,包括SDS患者的血液肿瘤。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of switching from dulaglutide to tirzepatide on blood glucose and renal function. 从度拉鲁肽转用替扎帕肽对血糖和肾功能的影响
IF 16.4 Q3 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-11-15 Epub Date: 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2024.01061
Atsushi Ishimura, Hiroyoshi Kumakura

The case reports a woman in her 70s, with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease in G4 stage. The patient had elevated HbA1c, and she was switched from linagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor, to dulaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA). Thereafter, the HbA1c level decreased; however, since the dulaglutide supply became a problem, the patient was switched to tirzepatide, a glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP)/GLP-1RA. To date, no clinical studies have evaluated the efficacy and safety of switching from GLP-1RA to GIP/GLP-1RA, but we report this case because efficacy was observed in this patient. The therapeutic effects after switching to tirzepatide included decrease in HbA1c, increase in eGFR, and decrease in BUN, when compared to when dulaglutide was used. A change from dulaglutide to tirzepatide, could inhibit renal impairment progression and improve renal function.

该病例报告了一名 70 多岁的女性患者,她患有 2 型糖尿病和慢性肾病,处于 G4 阶段。患者的 HbA1c 升高,她从二肽基肽酶 4 抑制剂利拉利汀换成了胰高血糖素样肽-1 受体激动剂(GLP-1RA)度拉鲁肽。此后,患者的 HbA1c 水平有所下降;但是,由于度拉鲁肽的供应出现了问题,患者又改用了替扎帕肽(一种葡萄糖依赖性促胰岛素多肽(GIP)/GLP-1RA)。迄今为止,还没有临床研究对从 GLP-1RA 转为 GIP/GLP-1RA 的疗效和安全性进行评估,但我们报告了这个病例,因为在这名患者身上观察到了疗效。与使用度拉鲁肽时相比,改用替扎帕肽后的治疗效果包括 HbA1c 下降、eGFR 增加和 BUN 下降。从度拉鲁肽改用替扎帕肽可抑制肾功能损害的发展并改善肾功能。
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引用次数: 0
General selection criteria for safety and patient benefit [XⅢ]: Comparing the formulation characteristics of brand-name and generic bifonazole creams. 安全性和患者获益的一般选择标准[XⅢ]:比较品牌和非专利联苯苄唑乳膏的配方特点。
IF 16.4 Q3 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-11-15 Epub Date: 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2024.01068
Ken-Ichi Shimokawa, Natsuki Ichimura, Marika Nozawa, Mitsuru Nozawa, Yuko Wada Imanaka, Fumiyoshi Ishii

A comparative evaluation of the brand-name drug Mycospor and six generic drugs (IWAKI, Bifonol, F, YD, Sawai, and TEVA), all comprising a cream formulation containing the antifungal drug bifonazole, was performed based on physicochemical measurements. The pH of the various formulations was significantly higher for the generics Bifonol (pH 7.1), Sawai (pH 6.7), and TEVA (pH 7.3) and significantly lower for YD (pH 4.3) than for the brand-name drug Mycospor (pH 5.5). The viscosity of the various formulations was significantly higher for TEVA (25,011 mPa·s) versus Mycospor (22,376 mPa·s) and significantly lower for IWAKI, Bifonol, F, YD, and Sawai, with Bifonol (8,572 mPa·s) being particularly low. Considering the hysteresis loop area obtained for the shear rate vs. shear stress, which represents the thixotropic properties, and using the value of Mycospor as the reference for 100%, YD (179%), Sawai (557%), and TEVA (201%) showed significantly higher values. Furthermore, the membrane permeability of bifonazole at 24 hours was significantly higher for Bifonol (309 μg/mL) and F (182 μg/mL) and significantly lower for Sawai (124 μg/mL) and TEVA (92 μg/mL) than for Mycospor (153 μg/mL). Finally, optical micrographs showed that the dispersion of particles was similar in the various formulations, but the particles of F and TEVA were uniformly dispersed with a smaller particle size than the other formulations. Overall, significant differences were observed in the formulation characteristics between the brand-name drug and generic drugs, which were attributed to differences in the manufacturing process and the types of additives.

根据理化测量结果,对品牌药 Mycospor 和六种非专利药(IWAKI、Bifonol、F、YD、Sawai 和 TEVA)进行了比较评估,这六种非专利药都是含有抗真菌药物联苯苄唑的乳膏制剂。与品牌药 Mycospor(pH 值为 5.5)相比,仿制药 Bifonol(pH 值为 7.1)、Sawai(pH 值为 6.7)和 TEVA(pH 值为 7.3)的 pH 值明显较高,而 YD(pH 值为 4.3)则明显较低。各种制剂的粘度,TEVA(25 011 mPa-s)明显高于 Mycospor(22 376 mPa-s),而 IWAKI、Bifonol、F、YD 和 Sawai 则明显较低,其中 Bifonol(8 572 mPa-s)尤其低。考虑到剪切率与剪切应力之间的滞后环面积(代表触变性能),并以 Mycospor 的值作为 100% 的参考,YD(179%)、Sawai(557%)和 TEVA(201%)的值明显更高。此外,与 Mycospor(153 μg/mL)相比,Bifonol(309 μg/mL)和 F(182 μg/mL)在 24 小时内的联苯唑膜渗透性明显更高,而 Sawai(124 μg/mL)和 TEVA(92 μg/mL)则明显更低。最后,光学显微照片显示,各种制剂的颗粒分散情况相似,但 F 和 TEVA 的颗粒分散均匀,粒径小于其他制剂。总体而言,品牌药和仿制药的制剂特征存在明显差异,这归因于生产工艺和添加剂类型的不同。
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引用次数: 0
Electrolytic-reduction ion water protects keratinocytes from hydrogen peroxide through radical scavenging activity and induction of AQP3 expression. 电解还原离子水通过自由基清除活性和诱导 AQP3 的表达,保护角质细胞免受过氧化氢的伤害。
IF 16.4 Q3 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-11-15 Epub Date: 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2024.01054
Hiroyuki Yamamoto, Tokuko Takajo, Ami Tsuchibuchi, Kaho Makuta, Toshiyuki Yamada, Mitsuo Ikeda, Yoshinao Okajima, Masahiro Okajima

Skin exposed to ultraviolet light produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) that cause protein denaturation and other disorders. We investigated whether electrolytic-reduction ion water (ERI), which has reducing properties and has been reported to protect skin, exhibits antioxidant activity in skin keratinocytes. The antioxidant activity of ERI was first examined using DPPH assay and Electron Spin Resonance to test for radicals, and using the Amplex Red method to test for H2O2. Concentration-dependent scavenging of hydroxyl radical but no H2O2 depletion were detected. An investigation of the expression of heme oxygenase-1, which is upregulated by oxidative response in cells, showed an increase through H2O2 oxidation, which was inhibited by ERI in a concentration-dependent manner. This suggests that ERI directly removes ROS. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis was performed to determine whether ERI regulates the expression of aquaporin 3 (AQP3), a known H2O2 transporter. This analysis revealed that ERI enhances AQP3 expression in a concentration-dependent manner and is involved in the transport of intracellular H2O2 to the extracellular space. In addition, ERI inhibited H2O2-induced cytotoxicity in a concentration-dependent manner. These results suggest that ERI protects keratinocytes from ROS by directly scavenging them and indirectly by eliminating them through the promotion of the efflux of intracellular H2O2.

暴露在紫外线下的皮肤会产生过氧化氢(H2O2)和活性氧(ROS),导致蛋白质变性和其他疾病。我们研究了电解还原离子水(ERI)是否在皮肤角质层细胞中具有抗氧化活性,ERI 具有还原特性,据报道可保护皮肤。我们首先使用 DPPH 法和电子自旋共振法检测了 ERI 的抗氧化活性,并使用 Amplex Red 法检测了 H2O2。结果表明,ERI 能清除羟自由基,但没有消耗 H2O2。对细胞中因氧化反应而上调的血红素加氧酶-1 的表达进行的调查显示,H2O2 氧化会导致血红素加氧酶-1 的表达增加,而 ERI 会以浓度依赖性的方式抑制 H2O2 氧化。这表明 ERI 能直接清除 ROS。为了确定ERI是否调控了已知的H2O2转运体aquaporin 3(AQP3)的表达,研究人员进行了定量实时聚合酶链反应分析。分析表明,ERI 以浓度依赖的方式增强了 AQP3 的表达,并参与了细胞内 H2O2 向细胞外空间的转运。此外,ERI 还能以浓度依赖的方式抑制 H2O2 诱导的细胞毒性。这些结果表明,ERI 可直接清除 ROS,并通过促进细胞内 H2O2 的外流间接消除 ROS,从而保护角朊细胞免受 ROS 的伤害。
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引用次数: 0
A stroke patient with persistently intermittent fever treated with gabapentin: A clinical case. 用加巴喷丁治疗持续间歇性发热的脑卒中患者:临床病例。
IF 16.4 Q3 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-11-15 Epub Date: 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2024.01060
Jingjie Huang, Bangqi Wu, Yupei Cheng, Chaoran Wang

Fever is one of the most common complications in stroke patients and can generally be classified as either infectious or non-infectious. Infectious fevers are commonly caused by pulmonary infections, urinary tract infections, and secondary infections associated with medical interventions such as endotracheal intubation, urinary catheterization, and nasogastric tubes. Non-infectious fevers primarily manifest as central fevers, although in rare cases, they may also result from drug-induced causes. Existing research indicates that the most common cause of central fever is brainstem hemorrhage, followed by hemorrhage in the basal ganglia and thalamus, then cerebellar hemorrhage, large cortical infarction, and basilar artery occlusion, with intraventricular hemorrhage being relatively rare. Stroke patients' body temperatures can rise to 39°C within 12 hours after onset and peak within 24 hours. In this case, a stroke patient with acute cerebral infarction and secondary thalamic hemorrhage developed new sensory abnormalities in the left limbs and intermittent fever during hospitalization. Despite the use of antibiotics targeting a pulmonary infection, the patient's fever did not show significant improvement. Gabapentin was added to the treatment regimen to address the sensory abnormalities. Surprisingly, within four hours of gabapentin administration, the patient's body temperature normalized and remained stable during subsequent monitoring. This observation led us to hypothesize that gabapentin may have a potential role in alleviating central fever.

发热是脑卒中患者最常见的并发症之一,一般可分为感染性和非感染性两种。感染性发热通常由肺部感染、尿路感染以及与气管插管、导尿、鼻胃管等医疗干预相关的继发感染引起。非感染性发烧主要表现为中枢性发烧,但在极少数情况下也可能由药物引起。现有研究表明,中枢性发热最常见的原因是脑干出血,其次是基底节和丘脑出血,然后是小脑出血、大面积皮质梗塞和基底动脉闭塞,脑室内出血相对少见。中风患者的体温可在发病后 12 小时内升至 39°C,并在 24 小时内达到峰值。在本病例中,一名患有急性脑梗塞和继发性丘脑出血的中风患者在住院期间出现左侧肢体新的感觉异常和间歇性发热。尽管使用了针对肺部感染的抗生素,但患者的发烧症状并未明显改善。治疗方案中增加了加巴喷丁,以解决感觉异常问题。令人惊讶的是,在服用加巴喷丁后的四小时内,患者的体温恢复正常,并在随后的监测中保持稳定。根据这一观察结果,我们推测加巴喷丁可能具有缓解中枢性发热的潜在作用。
{"title":"A stroke patient with persistently intermittent fever treated with gabapentin: A clinical case.","authors":"Jingjie Huang, Bangqi Wu, Yupei Cheng, Chaoran Wang","doi":"10.5582/ddt.2024.01060","DOIUrl":"10.5582/ddt.2024.01060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fever is one of the most common complications in stroke patients and can generally be classified as either infectious or non-infectious. Infectious fevers are commonly caused by pulmonary infections, urinary tract infections, and secondary infections associated with medical interventions such as endotracheal intubation, urinary catheterization, and nasogastric tubes. Non-infectious fevers primarily manifest as central fevers, although in rare cases, they may also result from drug-induced causes. Existing research indicates that the most common cause of central fever is brainstem hemorrhage, followed by hemorrhage in the basal ganglia and thalamus, then cerebellar hemorrhage, large cortical infarction, and basilar artery occlusion, with intraventricular hemorrhage being relatively rare. Stroke patients' body temperatures can rise to 39°C within 12 hours after onset and peak within 24 hours. In this case, a stroke patient with acute cerebral infarction and secondary thalamic hemorrhage developed new sensory abnormalities in the left limbs and intermittent fever during hospitalization. Despite the use of antibiotics targeting a pulmonary infection, the patient's fever did not show significant improvement. Gabapentin was added to the treatment regimen to address the sensory abnormalities. Surprisingly, within four hours of gabapentin administration, the patient's body temperature normalized and remained stable during subsequent monitoring. This observation led us to hypothesize that gabapentin may have a potential role in alleviating central fever.</p>","PeriodicalId":47494,"journal":{"name":"Drug Discoveries and Therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":"319-322"},"PeriodicalIF":16.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142510344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Astaxanthin compound nutrient improved insulin resistance, hormone levels, embryo quality and pregnancy outcomes in polycystic ovary syndrome patients undergoing in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection. 虾青素复合营养素改善了接受体外受精/卵胞浆内单精子注射的多囊卵巢综合征患者的胰岛素抵抗、激素水平、胚胎质量和妊娠结局。
IF 16.4 Q3 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-11-15 Epub Date: 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2024.01036
Xiayan Fu, Wenli Cao, Feijun Ye, Jialu Bei, Yan Du, Ling Wang

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of astaxanthin compound nutrient (ACN) complementary therapy on pregnancy outcomes in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients undergoing in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI). This study enrolled 92 patients with PCOS who were continuously supplemented with ACN for three months prior to IVF/ICSI treatment from 2021 to 2023, and selected 92 patients who did not receive the treatment during the same period as controls. Baseline characteristics, ovulation induction outcomes, and pregnancy outcomes were compared between the two groups. In addition, the body mass index (BMI), anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), antral follicle counting (AFC), fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting insulin (FINS), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistant (HOME-IR), and basal sex hormones of the supplementary group patients before and after treatment were compared. The results showed that there were no significant differences in the patient's duration of stimulation, total gonadotropin dose, peak E2 levels, and number of retrieved oocytes between the two groups. However, the number of 2 pronucleus (PN) fertilization, transferable embryos, and high-quality embryos was significantly higher in the ACN group compared with the control group. For both fresh and frozen embryo transplantation, positive pregnancy outcomes increased in PCOS patients who received supplementation of ACN for 3 months. In addition, after 3 months of supplementing with ACN, the patient's BMI, AMH, fasting insulin, HOME-IR, basal luteinising hormone (bLH), and basal testosterone (bT) decreased compared to before treatment. This study suggested that ACN improved insulin resistance, hormone levels, embryo quality and pregnancy outcomes in PCOS patients.

本研究旨在评估虾青素复合营养素(ACN)辅助疗法对接受体外受精/卵胞浆内单精子注射(IVF/ICSI)的多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)患者妊娠结局的影响。这项研究招募了 92 名多囊卵巢综合征患者,这些患者在 2021 年至 2023 年期间接受体外受精/卵胞浆内单精子注射治疗前三个月连续补充 ACN,并选择了 92 名同期未接受治疗的患者作为对照组。比较了两组患者的基线特征、促排卵结果和妊娠结果。此外,还比较了辅助组患者治疗前后的体重指数(BMI)、抗穆勒氏管激素(AMH)、前卵泡计数(AFC)、空腹血糖(FBG)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、胰岛素抵抗的稳态模型评估(HOME-IR)和基础性激素。结果显示,两组患者的促性腺激素刺激持续时间、促性腺激素总剂量、E2峰值水平和取卵数无明显差异。然而,与对照组相比,ACN 组的 2 代核(PN)受精、可移植胚胎和优质胚胎的数量明显较高。在新鲜胚胎移植和冷冻胚胎移植中,补充 ACN 3 个月的多囊卵巢综合征患者的阳性妊娠结果均有所增加。此外,补充 ACN 3 个月后,患者的 BMI、AMH、空腹胰岛素、HOME-IR、基础黄体生成素(bLH)和基础睾酮(bT)与治疗前相比均有所下降。这项研究表明,ACN 可改善多囊卵巢综合征患者的胰岛素抵抗、激素水平、胚胎质量和妊娠结局。
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引用次数: 0
Padding the seat of a wheelchair reduces ischial pressure and improves sitting comfort. 给轮椅座椅加垫可减少骶骨压力,提高坐姿舒适度。
IF 16.4 Q3 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-11-15 Epub Date: 2024-10-27 DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2024.01065
Yoshiyuki Yoshikawa, Kiyo Sasaki, Kyoko Nagayoshi, Kenta Nagai, Yuki Aoyama, Shuto Takita, Teppei Wada, Yoshinori Kitade

In this study, we aimed to examine whether a wheelchair cushion placed directly atop a sling seat or deflection of the sling seat compensated by a pad along with the placement of a wheelchair cushion changed sitting pressure. Additionally, we examined whether these additions changed sitting comfort. For twenty healthy adults who consented to participate, measurements were taken for three types of cushions, each with and without padding, under six conditions. The cushion types tested included air (cushion A), urethane foam (cushion U), and three-dimensional thermoplastic elastomer (cushion T). A pressure distribution measurement equipment was used for the measurements. Following the measurement, the comfort of the wheelchair cushion was measured. The ischial area pressure of the cushion A pad was significantly lower than that without the pad. Cushions U and T were for ischial area pressure with a pad, resulting in a decreasing trend in ischial area pressure with a pad compared to that without a pad; however, the difference was insignificant. For all cushions, sitting comfort was significantly better in all groups with padding than in those without. In conclusion, ischial pressure can be dispersed by placing a pad on the seat surface of a wheelchair cushion, and pads were suggested to improve sitting comfort for all cushions.

在这项研究中,我们的目的是研究直接放在吊衣座椅上的轮椅垫或由垫子补偿的吊衣座椅偏移以及轮椅垫的放置是否会改变坐压。此外,我们还研究了这些附加装置是否会改变坐姿舒适度。在六种条件下,我们对二十名同意参与的健康成年人的三种坐垫进行了测量,每种坐垫都有衬垫和无衬垫。测试的坐垫类型包括空气坐垫(坐垫 A)、聚氨酯泡沫坐垫(坐垫 U)和三维热塑弹性体坐垫(坐垫 T)。测量使用了压力分布测量设备。测量结束后,对轮椅坐垫的舒适度进行了测量。垫子 A 的骶骨区压力明显低于没有垫子的骶骨区压力。坐垫 U 和坐垫 T 的骶骨区压力有衬垫,与无衬垫相比,有衬垫的骶骨区压力呈下降趋势,但差异不明显。在所有坐垫中,有衬垫组的坐姿舒适度明显优于无衬垫组。总之,在轮椅坐垫的座面上放置垫子可以分散骶骨压力,建议在所有坐垫上放置垫子以提高坐姿舒适度。
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引用次数: 0
Panax notoginseng root extract induces nuclear translocation of CRTC1 and Bdnf mRNA expression in cortical neurons. 三七根提取物可诱导大脑皮层神经元中 CRTC1 和 Bdnf mRNA 的核转位表达。
IF 16.4 Q3 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-11-15 Epub Date: 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2024.01062
Shunsuke Shimizu, Aoi Nakano, Daisuke Ihara, Hironori Nakayama, Michiko Jo, Kazufumi Toume, Katsuko Komatsu, Naotoshi Shibahara, Masaaki Tsuda, Mamoru Fukuchi, Akiko Tabuchi

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a member of the neurotrophin family, is deeply involved in the development and higher function of the nervous system, including learning and memory. By contrast, a reduction in BDNF levels is associated with various neurological disorders such as dementia and depression. Therefore, the inducers of Bdnf expression might be valuable in ameliorating or protecting against a decline in brain functions. We previously reported that, through high-throughput screening to identify inducers of Bdnf expression in Bdnf-luciferase transgenic mice, several herbal extracts induced Bdnf expression in cortical neurons. In the present study, we found that Panax notoginseng root extract (PNRE) potently induced Bdnf expression in primary cultured cortical neurons primarily via the L-type voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel (L-VDCC) and calcineurin. PNRE promoted nuclear translocation of cAMP-responsive element-binding protein-regulated transcription coactivator 1 (CRTC1). These findings suggest that PNRE activates the L-VDCC/calcineurin/CRTC1 axis, which is the primary signaling pathway involved in the neuronal activity-dependent expression of Bdnf. Moreover, we demonstrated that PNRE increased the dendritic complexity of cortical neurons in vitro. Thus, by upregulating Bdnf expression, PNRE is a potential candidate for improving cognitive impairment seen in several kinds of dementia.

脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)是神经营养素家族的一员,与神经系统的发育和高级功能(包括学习和记忆)密切相关。相比之下,BDNF 水平的降低与痴呆症和抑郁症等各种神经系统疾病有关。因此,Bdnf 表达的诱导剂在改善或防止大脑功能衰退方面可能很有价值。我们曾报道过,通过高通量筛选确定 Bdnf-luciferase 转基因小鼠 Bdnf 表达的诱导剂,几种草药提取物可诱导大脑皮层神经元中 Bdnf 的表达。在本研究中,我们发现三七根提取物(PNRE)主要通过L型电压依赖性Ca2+通道(L-VDCC)和钙神经蛋白有效诱导原代培养的大脑皮层神经元中Bdnf的表达。PNRE 促进了 cAMP 反应元件结合蛋白调控转录辅激活子 1(CRTC1)的核转位。这些发现表明,PNRE 激活了 L-VDCC/calcineurin/CRTC1 轴,这是参与神经元活动依赖性 Bdnf 表达的主要信号通路。此外,我们还证明了 PNRE 增加了体外皮质神经元树突的复杂性。因此,通过上调 Bdnf 的表达,PNRE 是改善多种痴呆症认知障碍的潜在候选药物。
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引用次数: 0
Novel and emerging therapeutics for antimicrobial resistance: A brief review. 抗菌药耐药性的新型疗法:简评。
IF 16.4 Q3 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-11-15 Epub Date: 2024-10-27 DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2024.01063
Raja Amir Hassan Kuchay

A pandemic known as anti-microbial resistance (AMR) poses a challenge to contemporary medicine. To stop AMR's rise and quick worldwide spread, urgent multisectoral intervention is needed. This review will provide insight on new and developing treatment approaches for AMR. Future therapy options may be made possible by the development of novel drugs that make use of developments in "omics" technology, artificial intelligence, and machine learning. Vaccines, immunoconjugates, antimicrobial peptides, monoclonal antibodies, and nanoparticles may also be intriguing options for treating AMR in the future. Combination therapy may potentially prove to be a successful strategy for combating AMR. To lessen the impact of AMR, ideas like drug repurposing, antibiotic stewardship, and the one health approach may be helpful.

抗微生物耐药性(AMR)这一流行病给当代医学带来了挑战。为了阻止 AMR 的上升和在全球范围内的迅速蔓延,需要采取紧急的多部门干预措施。本综述将深入探讨针对 AMR 的新的和正在开发的治疗方法。利用 "omics "技术、人工智能和机器学习的发展成果开发出的新型药物可能成为未来的治疗选择。疫苗、免疫结合剂、抗菌肽、单克隆抗体和纳米粒子也可能是未来治疗 AMR 的有趣选择。联合疗法有可能被证明是抗击 AMR 的成功策略。为了减轻 AMR 的影响,药物再利用、抗生素管理和一体健康法等理念可能会有所帮助。
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引用次数: 0
Histopathological analysis of filament formation of Nocardia farcinica in a silkworm infection model. 在家蚕感染模型中对远真菌菌丝形成的组织病理学分析
IF 16.4 Q3 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-11-15 Epub Date: 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2024.01064
Koki Iwata, Mizuho Sato, Shoko Yoshida, Hiroo Wada, Kazuhisa Sekimizu, Mitsuhiro Okazaki

The silkworm Nocardia infection model has been established as a useful animal model for screening the pathogenicity of Nocardia and evaluating the therapeutic effects of antimicrobial agents against Nocardia infection. No histopathological analysis of silkworms infected with Nocardia farcinica has yet been performed. In this study, we performed histological analyses on organs of silkworms infected with N. farcinica. One day after infection with N. farcinica, the organism developed a branching filamentous form from coccid cells in the hemolymph. In addition, we evaluated effective doses (ED50) values by treating infected silkworms with amikacin 30 seconds and 24 hours after infection and found that the ED50 values treated within 30 seconds and 24 hours after infection were 4.1 μg/larva and 5.6 μg/larva, respectively. Evaluation of treatment with amikacin against the infected silkworms was unaffected by the growth process form of Nocardia. These results suggest that the silkworm Nocardia infection model is a useful tool for evaluating the antimicrobial therapy in the growth process of the N. farcinica.

家蚕诺卡氏菌感染模型已被确立为筛选诺卡氏菌致病性和评估抗菌剂对诺卡氏菌感染治疗效果的有用动物模型。目前还没有对感染了远心诺卡氏菌的家蚕进行组织病理学分析。在本研究中,我们对感染了远志野卡氏菌的家蚕器官进行了组织学分析。在感染远志蚕球虫一天后,血淋巴中的蚕球虫细胞形成了分支丝状。此外,我们在蚕感染后 30 秒和 24 小时内用阿米卡星处理受感染的蚕,评估了有效剂量(ED50)值,发现在感染后 30 秒和 24 小时内处理的 ED50 值分别为 4.1 μg/larva 和 5.6 μg/larva。用阿米卡星处理受感染家蚕的评估结果不受诺卡氏菌生长过程形式的影响。这些结果表明,家蚕诺卡氏菌感染模型是评估远华诺卡氏菌生长过程中抗菌治疗的有用工具。
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引用次数: 0
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Drug Discoveries and Therapeutics
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