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Introducción: Lecciones para la investigación sobre respuestas a emergencias impulsada a nivel local 导言:地方驱动的应急反应研究的经验教训
4区 经济学 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-23 DOI: 10.19088/1968-2023.129
Andrea Ordóñez Llanos, James Georgalakis
Este artículo resume lo aprendido a partir de una investigación dirigida por el Sur Global y diseñada para influir en la respuesta a la pandemia de Covid-19. Los estudios de casos proceden principalmente del programa Covid-19 Responses for Equity (CORE), financiado por el Centro Internacional de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo (IDRC). El artículo examina lo siguiente: (1) las características de la disposición de las organizaciones de investigación locales en tiempos de crisis; (2) la forma y la función del conocimiento apto para su aplicación en situaciones de emergencia; y (3) los procesos de conocimiento y las estrategias de participación para una movilización rápida. La disposición de las organizaciones dependía de la fuerza de las redes de las instituciones de investigación, del acceso a los principales responsables de la toma de decisiones o a las comunidades afectadas y de los recursos y capacidades que les permitieran movilizarse rápidamente. El conocimiento hiperlocal, combinado con metodologías de investigación inclusivas, facilita el posicionamiento de la investigación para su uso en emergencias. La pandemia ha demostrado que las organizaciones de investigación locales y nacionales están bien situadas para llevar a cabo investigaciones de gran impacto, ya sea como colaboradores críticos del gobierno o como agentes externos que abogan por el cambio.
本文总结了从全球南方领导的一项旨在影响应对Covid-19大流行的研究中吸取的教训。这些案例研究主要来自国际发展研究中心(IDRC)资助的Covid-19公平应对(CORE)项目。本文探讨了以下问题:(1)地方研究机构在危机时期的处置特征;(2)适合在紧急情况下应用的知识的形式和功能;(3)快速动员的知识过程和参与战略。这些组织的安排取决于研究机构网络的实力、与主要决策者或受影响社区的接触以及使它们能够迅速动员起来的资源和能力。超本地知识与包容性研究方法相结合,有助于紧急情况下使用的研究定位。这场大流行表明,地方和国家研究组织处于有利地位,可以开展影响深远的研究,无论是作为政府的关键合作者,还是作为倡导变革的外部行动者。
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引用次数: 0
Arab Region Social Protection Systems: Research and Policy Design Challenges 阿拉伯地区社会保护制度:研究和政策设计挑战
4区 经济学 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-23 DOI: 10.19088/1968-2023.135
Farah Al Shami
This article examines the challenges and opportunities that exist for the production of knowledge and the design of evidence-based policies which aim at achieving more equitable and inclusive social protection systems in the Arab region. The article builds on the experiences of researchers and activists following the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic and considers the challenges they faced. It examines the root causes of those challenges as related to data collection, analysis, and interpretation; the adopted research methods and approaches; the typology of researchers, research subjects, practitioners, and activists; the research outputs and the policy recommendations ensuing from them; and the policy spaces encountered when lobbying for the necessary reforms. The article proposes solutions to extend the struggle against the ‘violence of modernity’ when trying to influence policymaking, suggesting a departure from normative forms of knowledge production and advocacy on socioeconomic rights in the Arab region to more homegrown, engaged forms.
本文考察了知识生产和以证据为基础的政策设计方面存在的挑战和机遇,这些政策旨在在阿拉伯地区实现更加公平和包容的社会保护制度。本文以研究人员和活动人士在Covid-19大流行爆发后的经验为基础,并考虑了他们面临的挑战。它审查了与数据收集、分析和解释相关的这些挑战的根本原因;采用的研究方法和途径;研究人员、研究对象、实践者和活动家的类型;研究成果和由此产生的政策建议;以及在游说进行必要改革时遇到的政策空间。这篇文章提出了在试图影响政策制定时扩大反对“现代性暴力”的斗争的解决方案,建议从阿拉伯地区知识生产和倡导社会经济权利的规范形式转向更多的本土参与形式。
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引用次数: 0
Research During the Covid-19 Pandemic: Crucial Arms for Struggle Covid-19大流行期间的研究:斗争的关键武器
4区 经济学 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-23 DOI: 10.19088/1968-2023.132
Ana Carolina Ogando
At the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic, Women in Informal Employment: Globalizing and Organizing (WIEGO), a global research–action–policy network, collaborated with membership-based workers’ organisations and non‑governmental organisations to conduct a mixed methods, longitudinal study with nearly 2,000 informal workers across 11 cities in the global South and North. The research process underpins three of WIEGO’s core research principles, which include centring informal workers’ lived experience and knowledge, fostering collective ownership over the research process, and producing actionable evidence for advocacy. Drawing from the insights of researcher-activists, this article considers how WIEGO’s institutional readiness, highly nuanced and contextualised analyses, and attention to trust and care enabled a co-productive research process. Moreover, the article seeks to understand how these factors can potentially shape the broader objectives of research as both a capacity-building and mobilising tool and as a medium for translating knowledge for advocacy locally, nationally, and internationally.
在2019冠状病毒病大流行开始时,全球研究行动政策网络“非正规就业中的妇女:全球化和组织”(WIEGO)与会员制工人组织和非政府组织合作,对全球南方和北方11个城市的近2000名非正规工人进行了一项混合方法纵向研究。研究过程支撑了WIEGO的三项核心研究原则,其中包括以非正式工人的生活经验和知识为中心,在研究过程中促进集体所有制,以及为倡导提供可操作的证据。从研究活动家的见解中,本文考虑了WIEGO的制度准备,高度细致和情境化的分析,以及对信任和关怀的关注如何使共同生产的研究过程成为可能。此外,这篇文章试图理解这些因素如何能够潜在地塑造更广泛的研究目标,使其既成为能力建设和动员工具,又成为将知识转化为地方、国家和国际倡导的媒介。
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引用次数: 0
Resilience in the Time of a Pandemic: Developing Public Policies for Ollas Comunes in Peru 大流行时期的复原力:为秘鲁奥拉斯社区制定公共政策
4区 经济学 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-23 DOI: 10.19088/1968-2023.138
Ricardo Fort, Lorena Alcázar
The coronavirus (Covid-19) pandemic has created economic, social, and food security crises in many countries throughout the world. Faced with growing hunger in Peru, and the government’s delayed and inadequate reaction, the most important response came from the citizens themselves, particularly the women, in the form of thousands of social care initiatives known as ollas comunes (literally ‘communal pots’, similar to soup kitchens, whereby local communities pool their resources to supply food for everyone in the neighbourhood). This article tells the parallel stories of the resurgence of these ollas comunes and the state-funded support initiatives, alongside the process followed by GRADE (Group for the Analysis of Development – Grupo de Análisis para el Desarrollo; a non-profit research centre founded in Peru) that enabled it to contribute to those institutions looking to improve access to food for the most vulnerable people. Both stories are underpinned by a common ability to adapt quickly, which is crucial for achieving objectives in uncertain and ever‑changing situations.
冠状病毒(Covid-19)大流行在全球许多国家造成了经济、社会和粮食安全危机。面对秘鲁日益严重的饥饿问题,以及政府的迟缓和不充分的反应,最重要的反应来自公民自己,特别是妇女,以数以千计的社会关怀倡议的形式,被称为ollas comunes(字面意思是“公共锅”,类似于汤厨房,当地社区将他们的资源集中起来,为附近的每个人提供食物)。本文讲述了这些乡镇的复兴和国家资助的支持倡议的平行故事,以及发展分析小组(Grupo de Análisis para el Desarrollo;这是一个在秘鲁成立的非营利性研究中心),使它能够向那些希望改善最弱势群体获得食物的机构提供捐助。这两个故事都以快速适应的共同能力为基础,这对于在不确定和不断变化的情况下实现目标至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Resiliencia en tiempos de pandemia: generando políticas públicas para las ollas comunes en Perú 流行病时期的复原力:为秘鲁的公共锅制定公共政策
4区 经济学 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-23 DOI: 10.19088/1968-2023.139
Ricardo Fort, Lorena Alcázar
La pandemia del coronavirus (Covid-19) ha generado crisis en los ámbitos económico, social y de seguridad alimentaria en muchos países del mundo. Ante el aumento del hambre en el Perú, y la reacción tardía e incompleta del Estado, la respuesta más importante vino de los propios ciudadanos, especialmente de las mujeres, a través de miles de iniciativas solidarias conocidas como ollas comunes. Este documento combina la historia del resurgimiento de las ollas comunes y las iniciativas de apoyo desde el Estado, con el proceso que seguimos desde Grupo de Análisis para el Desarrollo (GRADE) para contribuir con las instituciones que buscaban mejorar el acceso a alimentos de las poblaciones más vulnerables. Ambas historias tienen en común esa capacidad de adaptación rápida que se requiere para lograr objetivos en situaciones inciertas y cambiantes.
冠状病毒(Covid-19)大流行在世界许多国家的经济、社会和粮食安全领域造成了危机。面对秘鲁日益增长的饥饿,以及国家姗姗来迟和不完全的反应,最重要的反应来自公民自己,特别是妇女,通过数千项被称为ollas comunes的团结倡议。本文件结合了公共锅复兴的历史和来自国家的支持倡议,以及我们从发展分析小组(GRADE)遵循的进程,为寻求改善最弱势人口获得食物的机构做出贡献。这两个故事都具有在不确定和不断变化的情况下实现目标所需的快速适应能力。
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引用次数: 0
Notes on Contributors 投稿人说明
4区 经济学 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-23 DOI: 10.19088/1968-2023.127
Andrea Ordóñez Llanos, James Georgalakis
This is the Notes on Contributors for IDS Bulletin 54.2: Knowledge in Times of Crisis: Transforming Research-to-Policy Approaches.
这是IDS公告54.2:危机时期的知识:将研究转化为政策方法的贡献者说明。
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引用次数: 0
Glossary 术语表
4区 经济学 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-23 DOI: 10.19088/1968-2023.142
Andrea Ordóñez Llanos, James Georgalakis
This is the Glossary for IDS Bulletin 54.2: Knowledge in Times of Crisis: Transforming Research-to-Policy Approaches.
这是IDS公告54.2:危机时期的知识:将研究转化为政策方法的术语表。
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引用次数: 0
Introduction: Lessons for Locally Driven Research Responses to Emergencies 导言:地方驱动研究应对紧急情况的经验教训
4区 经济学 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-23 DOI: 10.19088/1968-2023.128
Andrea Ordóñez Llanos, James Georgalakis
This article summarises learning from Southern-led research designed to influence the response to the Covid-19 pandemic. The case studies are drawn primarily from the Covid-19 Responses for Equity (CORE) programme, funded by the International Development Research Centre (IDRC). The article examines: (1) the characteristics of local research institutions’ organisational readiness in times of crisis; (2) the form and function of knowledge that is fit for purpose in emergencies; and (3) knowledge processes and engagement strategies for rapid mobilisation. Organisational readiness hinged on the strength of research institutions’ networks, access to key decision makers or affected communities, and resources and capabilities that allowed them to mobilise quickly. Hyper-local knowledge, combined with inclusive research methodologies, facilitates the positioning of research for use in emergencies. The pandemic has demonstrated that local and national research organisations are well placed to deliver impactful research, as both critical friends of government or outsiders advocating for change.
本文总结了从南方主导的旨在影响应对Covid-19大流行的研究中获得的经验。案例研究主要来自国际发展研究中心资助的Covid-19应对公平(CORE)计划。本文考察了:(1)地方科研机构在危机时刻的组织准备特征;(二)适应紧急情况的知识形式和功能;(3)快速动员的知识流程和参与战略。组织的准备程度取决于研究机构网络的强度、与关键决策者或受影响社区的联系,以及使它们能够迅速动员起来的资源和能力。超地方性知识与包容性研究方法相结合,有助于定位研究,以便在紧急情况中使用。这场大流行表明,地方和国家研究机构处于有利地位,可以提供有影响力的研究,无论是作为政府的关键朋友,还是作为倡导变革的局外人。
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引用次数: 0
Introduction : Leçons issues des recherches menées localement en réponse aux situations d'urgence 导言:当地应急研究的经验教训
4区 经济学 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-23 DOI: 10.19088/1968-2023.130
Andrea Ordóñez Llanos, James Georgalakis
Cet article résume les enseignements tirés d'une recherche menée dans les pays du Sud et destinée à influencer la réponse à la pandémie de Covid-19. Les études de cas proviennent principalement du programme Covid-19 Responses for Equity (CORE), financé par le Centre de recherches pour le développement international (CRDI). L'article examine : (1) les caractéristiques de la préparation organisationnelle des institutions de recherche locales en temps de crise ; (2) la forme et la fonction des connaissances adaptées aux situations d'urgence ; et (3) les processus de connaissance et les stratégies d'engagement pour une mobilisation rapide. L'état de préparation organisationnelle dépend de la solidité des réseaux des instituts de recherche, de leur accès aux décideurs clés ou aux communautés touchées, ainsi que des ressources et des capacités qui leur permettent de se mobiliser rapidement. Les connaissances hyperlocales, associées à des méthodologies de recherche inclusives, facilitent le positionnement de la recherche en vue de son utilisation dans les situations d'urgence. La pandémie a démontré que les organismes de recherche locaux et nationaux sont bien placés pour mener des recherches ayant un impact, à la fois en tant qu'alliés cruciaux des gouvernements et en tant qu'acteurs extérieurs plaidant pour le changement.
本文总结了在南方国家进行的旨在影响应对Covid-19大流行的研究的经验教训。这些案例研究主要来自国际发展研究中心(idrc)资助的Covid-19公平应对(CORE)项目。本文探讨了:(1)地方研究机构在危机时期的组织准备特征;(二)应急知识的形式和功能;(3)快速参与的知识过程和参与策略。组织准备取决于研究机构网络的强大程度、它们与关键决策者或受影响社区的接触程度,以及它们能够迅速动员的资源和能力。超本地知识与包容性研究方法相结合,有助于在紧急情况下定位研究。这场大流行表明,地方和国家研究机构处于有利地位,可以进行有影响力的研究,无论是作为政府的关键盟友,还是作为倡导变革的外部行动者。
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引用次数: 0
Humanitarian vs Pandemic Responses: Vulnerable Groups among Rohingyas in Bangladesh 人道主义与流行病应对:孟加拉国罗兴亚人中的弱势群体
4区 经济学 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-23 DOI: 10.19088/1968-2023.137
Sameen Nasar, Bachera Aktar, Muhammad Riaz Hossain, Sabina Faiz Rashid
The Rohingya diaspora is a politically sensitive humanitarian crisis for Bangladesh. The current Covid-19 pandemic poses a range of governance, demographic, and environmental policy challenges in an already fragile context. The ongoing situation combined with the pandemic requires a rethinking of humanitarian strategies to tackle the double burden of crises – humanitarian and pandemic. Drawing together evidence and experience from a mixed method participatory action research conducted among Rohingya refugees and the host community in Bangladesh, this article highlights the importance of the institutional readiness of research organisations to produce contextual interventions and targeted approaches in pandemic and humanitarian response for diverse communities. The article also reflects on the strategies researchers applied to create a knowledge network between researchers and implementers, which not only informed the study design and its selection of most vulnerable groups but also worked towards producing knowledge fit for purpose, where critical evidence was shared with key decision makers and policymakers.
罗兴亚侨民对孟加拉国来说是一个政治上敏感的人道主义危机。在本已脆弱的背景下,当前的Covid-19大流行给治理、人口和环境政策带来了一系列挑战。目前的局势与大流行病相结合,要求重新考虑人道主义战略,以应对危机的双重负担——人道主义和大流行病。本文汇集了在孟加拉国罗兴亚难民和收容社区进行的混合方法参与性行动研究的证据和经验,强调了研究组织在为不同社区的流行病和人道主义应对中制定情境干预措施和有针对性方法的体制准备的重要性。这篇文章还反映了研究人员用于在研究人员和实施者之间创建知识网络的策略,这不仅为研究设计及其对最脆弱群体的选择提供了信息,而且还致力于产生适合目的的知识,其中关键证据与关键决策者和政策制定者共享。
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引用次数: 0
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Ids Bulletin-Institute of Development Studies
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