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Preservice secondary science and mathematics teachers' readiness to teach multilingual learners: An investigation across four teacher education programs 在职中学科学和数学教师是否做好了教授多语种学生的准备:对四个师范教育项目的调查
IF 1.1 Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2024-06-26 DOI: 10.1111/ssm.12690
Stacey L. Carpenter, Valerie Meier, Sungmin Moon, Alexis D. Spina, Julie A. Bianchini
In this mixed methods study, we analyzed survey and interview data from 100 preservice secondary science and mathematics teachers enrolled in four teacher education programs (TEPs) to investigate their readiness to teach multilingual learners. We defined readiness as preservice teachers' sense of preparedness to teach multilingual learners and their understanding of effective multilingual learner instruction. We examined participants' self‐reported levels of preparedness, their understanding of effective multilingual learner instruction, and sources contributing to and/or limiting their readiness. We found that participants' readiness to teach multilingual learners significantly increased between the beginning and end of their TEPs. We also found that participants' understanding of effective multilingual learner instruction was significantly associated with a higher sense of preparedness. Furthermore, we found that participants enrolled in graduate TEPs reported higher levels of preparedness than participants enrolled in an undergraduate TEP. Likewise, participants whose first language was other than or in addition to English reported higher levels of preparedness. Finally, participants identified field placement experiences, personal and professional background, and coursework as factors contributing to their readiness to teach multilingual learners. We close with recommendations for teacher educators intent on helping preservice teachers better understand and implement effective instruction for multilingual learners.
在这项混合方法研究中,我们分析了来自四个师范教育项目(TEPs)的 100 名中学理科和数学教师的调查和访谈数据,以调查他们是否做好了教授多语种学生的准备。我们将 "准备就绪 "定义为职前教师对教授多语种学生的准备程度以及他们对有效教授多语种学生的理解。我们考察了参与者自我报告的准备程度、他们对有效的多语言学习者教学的理解,以及促进和/或限制他们准备程度的因素。我们发现,学员们的多语言学习者教学准备程度在他们的 TEP 开始和结束之间有了明显的提高。我们还发现,学员对有效的多语种学习者教学的理解与较高的准备度有很大关系。此外,我们还发现,参加研究生多语种教学法的学员比参加本科生多语种教学法的学员的准备程度更高。同样,母语不是英语或除了英语之外还有其他语言的学员的准备程度也更高。最后,学员们认为,实地实习经历、个人和专业背景以及课程学习是促使他们做好准备教授多语种学习者的因素。最后,我们向有意帮助职前教师更好地理解和实施针对多语种学习者的有效教学的教师教育工作者提出了建议。
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引用次数: 0
A literature review: Mathematics vocabulary intervention for students with mathematics difficulty 文献综述:对数学困难学生进行数学词汇干预
IF 1.1 Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2024-06-24 DOI: 10.1111/ssm.12684
Danielle O. Lariviere, Tessa L. Arsenault, S. Blair Payne
This paper details a literature review of mathematics vocabulary intervention studies for students with mathematics difficulty. The primary aim was to identify instructional practices that support mathematics vocabulary development. We conducted a database search to identify mathematics intervention studies either focused exclusively on vocabulary or with an embedded vocabulary component. Ultimately, 13 studies with participants from kindergarten to Grade 8 were included in the review. The majority of included studies had dual foci on vocabulary and other mathematics content, including whole number computation, word problem solving, fractions, algebra, or geometry. All studies that measured mathematics vocabulary performance indicated positive student outcomes. In addition, multiple studies indicated positive effects on measures of other mathematics content beyond mathematics vocabulary knowledge. We noted six instructional practices across studies that bolstered the mathematics vocabulary performance of students with mathematics difficulty. From most to least common, these practices included formal vocabulary use, explicit instruction, use of representations, repeated exposures, pre‐teaching, and graphic organizers. Implications are addressed for both researchers and practitioners.
本文详细介绍了针对数学困难学生的数学词汇干预研究的文献综述。主要目的是确定支持数学词汇发展的教学实践。我们进行了数据库搜索,以确定专门针对词汇或包含词汇内容的数学干预研究。最终,13 项涉及幼儿园至八年级学生的研究被纳入审查范围。所纳入的大多数研究都同时关注词汇和其他数学内容,包括整数计算、文字问题解决、分数、代数或几何。所有测量数学词汇成绩的研究都表明,学生的学习效果良好。此外,多项研究表明,除数学词汇知识外,对其他数学内容的测量也有积极影响。我们注意到,在各项研究中,有六种教学方法提高了有数学困难的学生的数学词汇成绩。从最常见到最不常见,这些做法包括正式词汇使用、明确教学、使用表征、反复接触、预习和图形组织器。本文探讨了这些做法对研究者和实践者的启示。
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引用次数: 0
How informal elementary teacher leaders in mathematics are positioned in advice and information networks 非正规小学数学教师领导如何在咨询和信息网络中定位
IF 1.1 Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2024-06-24 DOI: 10.1111/ssm.12687
Phi Nguyen, Corey Webel, Brendan Dames
In this article, we examine how elementary classroom teachers who are pursuing their Elementary Mathematics Specialist certification—who we refer to as Elementary Mathematics Specialists in Training (EMSTs)—are positioned in their advice and information networks for mathematics. Analyzing the advice networks of six elementary schools in one district, we found that EMSTs were sought out by more individuals than other teachers, and when sought out by others, provided advice at a greater frequency than formal leaders. EMSTs' advice‐interactions were often with grade‐level peers, with interactions in the same grade occurring at a greater frequency than those spanning grade levels. We also found that, in the school with a formal mathematics‐specific leader, advice interactions were primarily directed at the formal leader, including the advice‐seeking of the EMSTs at that school. Based on our findings, we conclude with implications for how teacher education programs and school administrators can support mathematics teacher leaders in enacting leadership from their classrooms.
在本文中,我们研究了正在攻读小学数学专家证书的小学任课教师--我们称之为小学数学培训专家(EMSTs)--是如何在他们的数学建议和信息网络中定位的。通过分析一个学区六所小学的建议网络,我们发现,与其他教师相比,小学数学专业培训人员受到更多个人的关注,而当其他人关注他们时,他们提供建议的频率要高于正式领导。少管教师的建议互动通常是与年级同伴进行的,同年级的互动比跨年级的互动更频繁。我们还发现,在有正式数学专项领导的学校中,建议互动主要是针对正式领导的,包括该校少先队辅导员寻求建议的情况。根据我们的研究结果,我们总结了教师教育项目和学校管理者如何支持数学教师领导在课堂上发挥领导力的启示。
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引用次数: 0
Engaging elementary mathematics specialists: Strengthening the connections between university coursework and practice 吸引小学数学专家:加强大学课程与实践之间的联系
IF 1.1 Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2024-06-24 DOI: 10.1111/ssm.12689
Susan O. Cannon, Brittney Castanheira, Jeffrey Keese, Shaffiq Welji
Elementary teachers are underprepared to teach mathematics, and there is a lack of field‐based support for mathematics‐specific pedagogies in the elementary grades. To address this theory to practice gap, we developed an innovative model of fieldwork that draws on the expertise of in‐service teachers (elementary mathematics specialists [EMSs]) who had recently completed a K–5 mathematics endorsement to work in the role of university supervisors supporting beginning teachers (BTs) in initial fieldwork. We argue that this model has three key aspects that will support BTs bridging the theory to practice gap: (1) as in‐service teachers the EMSs are keenly connected to the context of schools; (2) recent experience in university coursework in mathematics while serving as in‐service teachers required the EMSs to navigate the theory to practice gap themselves; (3) one‐on‐one mentorship supports strong and trusting relationships. Drawing on data from a 3‐year study we found that EMSs brought intimate knowledge of the school context and knowledge of the mathematics‐specific pedagogies taught at the university. These connections to the field and the university allowed EMSs to support BTs in implementing research‐based practices in their mathematics lessons that went against the norms of their school settings.
小学教师的数学教学准备不足,小学数学教学法缺乏实地支持。为了解决这一理论与实践之间的差距,我们开发了一种创新的实地工作模式,利用最近完成了 K-5 年级数学认证的在职教师(小学数学专家 [EMS])的专业知识,让他们担任大学督导,支持初任教师(BTs)开展初步的实地工作。我们认为,这种模式有三个关键方面可以帮助初任教师弥合理论与实践之间的差距:(1)作为在职教师,EMS 与学校的环境密切相关;(2)作为在职教师,EMS 在大学数学课程学习方面的近期经验要求 EMS 自己驾驭理论与实践之间的差距;(3)一对一的指导支持牢固而相互信任的关系。根据为期 3 年的研究数据,我们发现,教育管理服务人员带来了对学校环境的深入了 解,以及对大学教授的数学具体教学法的了解。这些与实地和大学的联系使教育管理服务人员能够支持班主任在他们的数学课上实施以研究为基础的实践,而这些实践与学校环境的规范是相悖的。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring the enactment of a coaching stance: Findings from one coach–teacher dyad 探索教练立场的形成:一个教练-教师二元组合的研究结果
IF 1.1 Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2024-05-25 DOI: 10.1111/ssm.12672
Evthokia Stephanie Saclarides, Ryan Gillespie, Anna DeJarnette
Coaching teachers is complex work as coaches must navigate multiple and competing roles of expert and colleague. Within mathematics education, there is a lack of research exploring how coaches enact their stance for coaching, balancing the roles of expert and colleague, in ways that best support teacher learning. Furthermore, little is known about the specific discursive practices coaches use when enacting different stances during mathematics interactions with teachers. Drawing on data collected from one coaching cycle for one coach–teacher dyad during mathematics instruction, including transcripts of two planning meetings, one modeled lesson, one reflection meeting, and five semi‐structured interviews, this study explores one instructional coach's discursive enactment of their coaching stance. Qualitative analyses indicate that the coach had the goal of enacting a responsive coaching stance, and in her practice the coach discursively enacted multiple coaching stances. Furthermore, findings indicate that the coach's disciplinary expertise seemed to influence the discursive enactment of her coaching stance. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
辅导教师是一项复杂的工作,因为辅导教师必须驾驭专家和同事这多重相互竞争 的角色。在数学教育领域,目前还缺乏研究来探讨辅导员如何在专家和同事的角色之间取得平衡,以最佳的方式支持教师的学习。此外,人们对教练在与教师进行数学互动的过程中采取不同立场时的具体话语实践知之甚少。本研究利用从数学教学中的一个教练-教师二人组的一个教练周期中收集到的数据,包括两次计划会议、一次示范课、一次反思会议和五次半结构化访谈的记录,探讨了一位教学教练对其教练立场的话语实践。定性分析结果表明,该教练的目标是形成一种回应性的教练立场,而在她的实践中,该教练在话语上形成了多种教练立场。此外,研究结果表明,教练的学科专业知识似乎影响了其教练立场的话语表达。本文讨论了研究和实践的意义。
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引用次数: 0
Building bridges: An exploratory study of Carver Bridge to STEM success students' experiences and sense of belonging 架设桥梁:对卡佛 "通往 STEM 成功之桥 "学生的经历和归属感的探索性研究
IF 1.1 Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2024-05-22 DOI: 10.1111/ssm.12674
Jesse Wilcox, Heidi Berger, Sara Lawson, Molly Ella Ramker
Scholarships in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (S‐STEM) programs have been designed to retain highly qualified students in STEM. At Simpson College, the Carver Bridge to STEM Success Program, funded by the National Science Foundation, has this same goal in mind. We designed and carried out a case study on the 15 Carver Bridge Scholars to quantify their experiences in the program and to measure their sense of belonging. We compared the Scholars to two groups: a comparison group of students who were eligible for the Carver Bridge program but did not participate and all STEM majors who matriculated at Simpson College at the same time as the Scholars. We found that the Scholars had a statistically significantly higher retention in STEM compared to the comparison group (2 = 13.715 p < 0.001, df = 1, = 0.71) and a similar GPA at graduation compared to other STEM majors at Simpson College (Mann–Whitney U = 653, p = 0.725, r = 0.03). We found major themes including seeking opportunities, the role of professors, and viewing the Carver Bridge as a “home base.” We outline the major strengths of Carver Bridge as seen by the students and propose a path forward for research on future generations of scholars.
科学、技术、工程和数学(S-STEM)项目的奖学金旨在留住 STEM 领域的高素质学生。在辛普森学院,由美国国家科学基金会(National Science Foundation)资助的 "Carver Bridge to STEM Success Program"(卡弗成功之桥计划)也有同样的目标。我们设计并开展了一项针对 15 名 "卡弗桥学者 "的案例研究,以量化他们在项目中的经历,并衡量他们的归属感。我们将 "学者 "们与两组学生进行了比较:一组是有资格参加 "卡弗桥梁 "项目但没有参加的学生,另一组是与 "学者 "们同时在辛普森学院入学的所有 STEM 专业学生。我们发现,与对比组相比,"学者 "们在 STEM 专业的保留率在统计学上明显更高(2 = 13.715 p < 0.001, df = 1, ⍵ = 0.71),与辛普森学院其他 STEM 专业的学生相比,"学者 "们毕业时的 GPA(曼-惠特尼 U = 653, p = 0.725, r = 0.03)也相差无几。我们发现了一些主要的主题,包括寻求机会、教授的作用以及将卡弗桥视为 "大本营"。我们概述了学生眼中卡弗桥的主要优势,并提出了研究后代学者的前进方向。
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引用次数: 0
Setting the stage for successful inclusion of students with autism spectrum disorder: Supports to generate and process mathematical language 为成功接纳自闭症谱系障碍学生创造条件:支持生成和处理数学语言
IF 1.1 Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2024-05-18 DOI: 10.1111/ssm.12675
Sarah K. Cox, Elizabeth Hughes
Students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are included in the general education classroom more often than ever before. Despite mathematical strengths and early success, these students experience poor outcomes (academic and employment) compared to their typically developing peers. The language of mathematics increases in complexity, use, and expectations as students age. To facilitate the development of mathematical proficiency for students with ASD, teachers can incorporate instructional strategies to support language processing and use in mathematics. This manuscript provides practical advice for teachers who want to support math language for students with ASD in the general education environment including (a) the importance of these supports, (b) specific recommendations, (c) visual and descriptive examples, and (d) additional resources.
自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)学生比以往任何时候都更多地被纳入普通教育课堂。尽管这些学生在数学方面有优势,而且很早就取得了成功,但与发育正常的同龄人相比,他们的数学成绩(学业和就业)并不理想。随着学生年龄的增长,数学语言的复杂性、使用和期望值也在增加。为了促进 ASD 学生数学能力的发展,教师可以结合教学策略来支持数学语言的处理和使用。本手稿为希望在普通教育环境中为有 ASD 的学生提供数学语言支持的教师提供实用建议,包括(a)这些支持的重要性,(b)具体建议,(c)视觉和描述性实例,以及(d)其他资源。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring a practice‐based approach to elementary preservice science teacher preparation 探索以实践为基础的小学科学教师职前培养方法
IF 1.1 Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2024-05-13 DOI: 10.1111/ssm.12663
Stephen L. Thompson, Xumei Fan, Amber J. Adgerson
The science methods course model presented here, called an immersed methods course (IMC), engaged preservice elementary teachers in reform‐based science instructional approaches within authentic classroom settings and with elementary students in a guided format. Questions guiding the study were: (1) Did participation in the IMC model impact preservice teachers (PTs') science teaching self‐efficacy? (2) Which science methods course model activities/experiences did PTs identify as the most impactful on their science teaching? (3) How did participation in the IMC model impact PTs' understandings of science teaching? Participants were 138 elementary PTs from a Southeastern United States university. Data were collected from seven course sections over 3 years and included pre/post science teaching self‐efficacy survey data, post written responses, and interviews. Member checking approaches were also used to refine and establish the validity of findings. Researchers completed qualitative data analysis, which was complimented by quantitative statistical analysis. Findings across data sources suggest participation positively influenced PTs' science teaching self‐efficacy and beliefs about the effectiveness of the instructional approaches. Participation also helped PTs apply theories to practice and develop competency using the practices. Findings highlight how the IMC model mitigates constraints associated with current science teacher preparation approaches.
本文介绍的科学方法课程模式被称为 "沉浸式方法课程(IMC)",它让小学职前教师在真实的课堂环境中,以指导的形式与小学生一起学习基于改革的科学教学方法。指导本研究的问题是(1) 参加浸入式教学法课程是否会影响职前教师(PTs)的科学教学自我效能感?(2)职前教师认为哪些科学方法课程模式活动/经历对他们的科学教学影响最大?(3) 参与 IMC 模式如何影响 PTs 对科学教学的理解?参与者是来自美国东南部一所大学的 138 名小学教师。数据收集自 3 年内的 7 门课程,包括科学教学自我效能感前后调查数据、书面答复和访谈。研究人员还采用了成员检查法来完善和确定研究结果的有效性。研究人员完成了定性数据分析,并辅以定量统计分析。各种数据来源的研究结果表明,参与活动对实验员的科学教学自我效能感和对教学方法有效性的信念产生了积极影响。参与还有助于实验员将理论应用于实践,并发展使用实践的能力。研究结果凸显了国际多媒体中心模式如何缓解与当前科学教师培养方法相关的制约因素。
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引用次数: 0
Schemas, rounding, and comparison, oh my!: Supporting students with money word problems 模式、四舍五入和比较,哦,我的!:帮助学生解决金钱文字问题
IF 1.1 Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2024-05-11 DOI: 10.1111/ssm.12664
Emily C. Bouck, Sarah Cox, Holly Long, Sarah Reiley
Purchasing skills are important for students with disabilities, including those with support needs, to access their community and future employment opportunities independently. However, making purchasing and money decisions can involve a variety of mathematics skills like rounding, estimation, and price comparison. Schematic diagrams and schema‐based instruction are researcher‐supported interventions used to support students with disabilities in solving word problems related to purchasing and other money related skills. Researchers in this study explored the use of schematic instruction for teaching rounding, estimating, and number comparison skills to aid students in making purchasing decisions. Two of the three students in the study met the mastery criteria of 100% independence for two consecutive sessions; the third did not. The two students who met mastery criteria also successfully generalized the skills to a simulated shopping experience. Overall, the results suggest the value of schematic diagram but also indicate the need to provide more supports and scaffolds to support some students with disabilities in solving multi‐step word problems.
购买技能对于残疾学生(包括有支持需求的学生)独立进入社区和获得未来就业机会非常重要。然而,在做出购买和金钱决定时,可能会涉及各种数学技能,如四舍五入、估算和价格比较。示意图和基于模式的教学是研究人员支持的干预措施,用于支持残疾学生解决与购买和其他与金钱相关的技能有关的文字问题。本研究的研究人员探讨了如何使用示意图教学法教授四舍五入、估算和数字比较技能,以帮助学生做出购买决定。研究中的三名学生中有两名连续两节课都达到了 100%独立的掌握标准,而第三名学生则没有达到。达到掌握标准的两名学生还成功地将这些技能运用到了模拟购物体验中。总之,研究结果表明了示意图的价值,但同时也表明需要提供更多的支持和支架,以帮助一些残疾学生解决多步骤文字问题。
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引用次数: 0
The emergence of science teacher leadership in the context of the pursuit of teaching science for social justice 在追求社会公正的科学教学背景下科学教师领导力的崛起
IF 1.1 Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2024-05-06 DOI: 10.1111/ssm.12662
Emily Lisy, Todd Campbell, Byung‐Yeol Park
As a result of more recent events connected to the ongoing and lasting legacy of systemic racism in our society and the sparsity of research focused on both disciplinary teacher leadership (TL) and centering social justice and equity in teacher leadership literature reviews, this research investigated the ways in which science teacher leadership (STL) emerged in the context of a science department engaged in a year‐long professional learning experience aimed at teaching science for social justice. Drawing on a community of practice teacher leadership identity model as a theoretical framework and qualitative research methods, we sought to characterize STL that centered social justice. Written teacher reflections, semi‐structured interviews, and science lessons were collected from the six female science teachers and a female school administrator. The research revealed how STL supportive of teaching science for social justice was grounded in, among other characterizations of teacher leadership, competences like content and pedagogical knowledge, performances like inclusiveness and lesson design, and support from the structure of the year‐long professional learning, and engagement in a community of practice. This research provides insights into the complex characterization and emergence of STL.
由于最近发生的一些事件与我们社会中持续存在的系统性种族主义有关,而且在教师领导力文献综述中,有关学科教师领导力(TL)和以社会正义与公平为中心的研究很少,因此本研究调查了科学教师领导力(STL)是如何在一个科学系的背景下产生的,该科学系参与了为期一年的专业学习体验,旨在教授科学以促进社会正义。我们以实践社区教师领导身份模型为理论框架,采用定性研究方法,试图描述以社会公正为中心的科学教师领导力的特点。我们从六位女性科学教师和一位女性学校管理者那里收集了教师的书面反思、半结构式访谈和科学课。研究揭示了支持科学教学促进社会公正的 STL 是如何立足于教师领导力、内容和教学知识等能力、包容性和课程设计等表现、为期一年的专业学习结构的支持以及参与实践社区等其他特征的。这项研究为科学、技术和创新领导力的复杂表征和产生提供了见解。
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引用次数: 0
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School Science and Mathematics
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